Newspapers / The Franklin Press and … / April 19, 1928, edition 1 / Page 2
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pac TWO THE FRANKLIN PRESS, fRANKLIN, N. C. THURSDAY, APRIL 12, lOZi "CIVILIZATION BEGINS AND ENDS WITH THE PLOW 99 THINGS TO PLAN TO THROUGHOUT COMING YEAR The Farmers' Day at the test farm at Swannanoa on May 17, 1928. " Poultry loading depot with facili ties for grading eggs. , An annual poultry show. Monthly livestock sales. Farmers' own line of delivery trucks. Purebred sires an3 seeds. , Guernsey . cattle association. V . A semi-annual seed exchange day. ,. A Harvest Carnival one day of the bread and butter show. Just About the Farm DAIRYING Feeding Dairy Cattle 1. "lie gentle to the milk cow." It , costs nothing and is very important. 2. Weigh the milk of each' milking. It is the only way to deetermine how to feed and'eare for the dairy cow. 5. Feed each cow separately. One cow will use more feed profitably than will, another. 4. Provide clean - xlrywell-vcntilatcd quarter.. .1.'" ' 5. A concrete floor in the stable will soon pay for itself iii manure saved. It is far more sanitary and takes a great deal of the drudgery out of the dairy business. 6. Feed a balanced ration of home grown feeds. Cottonseed meal and nulls is a very expensive feed and is not a balanced ration. 7. If you have 4 or 5 cows you should own a separator. If you have 8 "or more cows you should have,, a i silo. . i 8. Silage is the most satisfactory 'winter substitute for June pastures that we have. It increases milk flow. , It is a cheap feed. It keeps the cow in good thrifty condition. 9. Corn stover, poor quality grass hay, cottonseed hulls, etc., are not good roughages. You can just as well land at the same time. 10. Hay crops classified as legumes are compca, soy bean, velvet bean, alfalfa, lespedcza, red clover, vetch and oats. . . 11. Winter cover crops for late fall and early spring pastures are im portant. They arc feed savers., They promote milk flow and they protect the land from winter and spring soil leaching; 12. Milk is 87 per ceent . water. Water is cheap. Provide plenty of clean fresh water. 13. Use poor quality straw, spoiled hay, etc., for bedding. It makes com fortable quarters for the cow and saves the liquid manure by soaking it up. It is also a fine thing for the land when spread on with the manure. 14. Feed 3 pounds of -silage 'per. day to each 1(X) pounds of body weight. 15. Feed 1 pound of grain per day to each 2 1-2 to 3 pounds of milk given. t 16. Feed all the rouuhaue the cow will clean, up at each feed. An m)-uuul-cow- giving -2a - pounds -fj 4 1-2 iter cent milk per dav should receive 30 pounds of silage, 14 'pound; of legume hay and 8 pounds of a good grain ration. PASTURE . -i . As little as we may think about it actual practice high dividends: (he pastures in Macon county as I A good mixture of grasses for pcr sory as they are is what's holding ) manent pasture, on good rich land: the county together. It's holding the soil fertility against leaching; holding the soil itself against washing; and very often furnishing milk to the family, thereby holding the very home together. After about a year and a half of a study of local conditions I am thoroughly convinced .that there is no one thing that could be done that would go so far toward relieving the present more, often imaginary than not farm situation than- properly made and properly . handled pastures. . , 'There, are all kinds of pastures. Permanent pastures, temporary pas- .a as v 'UkUl v J l vmvl U t J . J.'BJ I tures, rotation pastures, summer pas-y tures, and winter pastures, and there are various divisions and kinds of each of these types. . I -, J- .. Of course I know the hick farmer just' turns his cows out somewhere and takes what the gods may send. But then he has to do something like that or he would not be a Hick Farmer. In additioir to the above, there is pasture for cattle; pasture for horses; pasture for sheep; pasture for hogs; pasture for" chickens. ; While any may be used for all and all for any, there is a difference. Temporary pastures are pastures used very much in the same manner as a catch crop: These pastures will KEEP YOUR FARM AND IT WILL KEEP YOU AND YOURS come' in either to fill, in through the summer or early winter, or late win ter as the case may be. They are composed of rye, oats, wheat, barley, rape for winter; and Lcspedcza, rape, soy beans and velvet beans for sum mer. Rye is grazed by all kind of live stock and is suitable for early graz ing. When sown early in September, or late in August, it will be ready for grazing early in April. It should be sown 1 1-2 to 2 bushels per. acre on good land, or on old pasture when the sod is , too thin. And in March 10 to 20 sow lespedcza seed 16 to 25 pounds per acre, the more the better. Mixture : Rye 1 1-2 to 2 bushels sown in September, per acre Lespedcza 16 to 25 pounds' sown in March, per acre. '' f Rotation Pasture This is the pasture used . as you would for crop rotation in soil build ing 'practices. It is generally left on the 'ground for one, two or three years to enrich the soil, and furnish "feed at the same time. The follow ing mixture is recommended: Mixture for rotation pastures: 12 lbs. Orchard grass . 4 lbs. : Tall Meadow Oat grass ; 3 lbs.Timothy ' ' . 3 lbs. Red Top " 1 lb. White Dutch clover 5 lbs. Japan clover (lespedcza) 3 lbs. Alsike clover 31 lbs. per acre This seems to some farmers to be rather heavy seeding, but experience says use lots of . seed at the start, and get a good stand w'hich pays best in the long run. . Winter Pastures 1 Winter pastures, as the name im plies, is a mixture of grasses ' and clovers which will "carry on" during the winter months. The mixture recommended as follows: . A good mixture for winter pastures : For heavy clay soils 14 lbs. Orchard grass 5 lbs. Tall Oat grass tr- 20 lbs. Kentucky Blue Grass, 40 lbs. per acre.- . For lighter porous subsoils that are rich' . v 8 lbs. Orchard grass . 11 lbs. Tall Meadow Oat grass 4 lbs. Alsike clover 2 lbs. White Uutch clover 12 lbs. Kentucky Blue Grass 6 lbs. English Rye grass 43 lbs. per acre. . . Permanent Pasture The pasture that is worth more than all combined for our local conditions is permanent pasture, and until there are at least a ' couple of acres of permanent pasture per cow unit on every farm in Macon county the farm ers of Macon county will not reach that stage of efficient production which their natural location entitles them to. Tin treat sloirnn should be "Every f a rreen hill." When vuu sUit. u, f, that green grass has ?0 'per cult more nutriment in it than cured hay and costs 80 per cent less to produce it, yon begin to see into the proposition. The following mixture is recommended for permanent pas ture, and has been found to nay in 24, lbs. Kentucky Blue Grass 10 lbs. Orchard grass 2 lbs. Tall. Meadow Oat grass 3 lbs. Timothy . . 3 lbs. Red Top 5 lbs. Alsike 1 lb. White Dutch clover 48 lbs. per acre. ", This looks like heavy seeding ,but the best experience and not theory is back of it. It is economy to get a good stand at the start. 4 lbs. of Blue grass may be left off and 4 lbs. of Bermuda grass added where the farmer does not object to the' Ber muda. , The above mixtures, etc., may not . conform with your ideas, but that is all right, for if you have an idea on the subject you are getting away ahead. The main thing, is to have that idea and then put it into prac tice in the field I mean, not on a nail keg in some country store. POULTRY Below is a letteer to you all from Dr. Kaupp nuf sed. (Only vou read it): April 10, 1928. Dear Poultryman: The North Carolina Poultry associa tion was again revived during the 6th Annual Poultry Short Course held in January, at your State 'College. The next meeting will be held during the 7th Annual short course held at the college the week before Thanksgiv ing and we hope every poultryman The farm pages of The Press are edited by the county agent in col laboration with the editor. and poultrywoman will attend. If the poultry industry in North Carolina is to grow there must be maintained a state poultry association with a definite program. Those who complain that ' poultry don't pay will probably be found not trying to do the job in an organized way. For any industry to survive there must be a business program carried out. The organization to succeed is as fol lows: Community organizations to plan the work. The items to deter mine are:. What purebred birds to keep, how many dozens eggs to pro duce, how many broilers to produce in fall and winter, the community hatchery, educational aid in housing, feeding, brooding, hatching, and gen eral management. The communities come together and form county as sociations through which selling, buy ing of feeds and suppiics, and storing eggs during the spring flush and a larger educational program and many other operation management prob lems. The county organizations join the state poultry association for "the larger -state- program - and to place a lelegateon-thc- -National JEiltry coun cil Revive the official .state. poultry show so that the best birds of the communities are shown at the county fairs and the best from the county fairs are sent to the state fair. To conduct .the first week in May each imor o National F.pt? week. Issue an Jl .Ul V -.v--.-- OCT - - - - annual breeders roster. Look after state legislative matters as freight rot.c Tho stat should be running a record of performance contest 'but until the poultry people organize anu ask that this be done it is not likely to be put over. Organization has made California a rich state and poultry is one of these organizations. They -ship their eggs 3,000 miles acros the Nation and sell in New York' maintaining an egg auction each day a thing no other state-has put over and thev are sell ing eegs..inour;own state, right under " y t jR 2y ft. .w wfc -?. .rv has shown you that to J3 eggs more . per hen per year, can be pro duced here than at the altitude "of "Winnipeg, Canada. We are within 24 hours of New York where 25 per cent of the consuming population live and who consumed last year 7 mil lions cases of eggs. Poultry is profit able in all parts of the state as your institution has shown you. Let's wake, up and do this. job." Please send your name, address, and breed you keep, and what you have to sell sometime during the year inclosing $1.00 and for your county association 10 cents ner member. Send to Dr. B. F. Kaupp, secretary-treasurer, N. C. Poultry Association State College Sta tion. Raleigh, N. C. Let's not put it off do it now and let's get going. With kindest regards I remain, Verv' trulv vours, B. F. KAUPP, Secretary-Treasurer. BEES Swarming How to Prevent It 1. Why do bees swarm? The bee colony is divided into work ers drones - (or male.: bees), and a queen. Normally the queen alone lays cg3 and to perpetuate their race new colonies are necessary. This i their natural way of increase. swarm m 2. Wha ere conditions that induce swarm-rag? fa") The brood chamber may be too mall. allowing too little egg-laying j space. (b) There may be too little storage space. (c) There may be Jack of ventila tion. (d) There may be too many drones. 3. At what season is swarming most frequent? Mostly in early spring, but it may occur at any time during honey flow if conditions named in .No. 2 are not corrected. ' 4. Can swarming be entirely pre vented? No, but it can be greatly reduced by proper management. 5. Why should swarming be pre- venteed as far as posiblef To keep the working force together. One hive full of bees is worth more than a number of weak colonies. 6. Are there two queens in the hive at swarming time? Generally not. The young queen has not yet come out of the queen cell. The old queen leaves with the first swarm. . 7. How may swarming be reduced or possibly prevented? (a) If the brood chamber becomes crowded, add another brood chamber. (b) If bees cluster out, it may be due to a crowded condition, or lack of ventilation. Ventilate the hive and add supers when necessary. If pos sible remove drone comb and also queen cells. 8. How may a swarm be hived to best advantage? .... (a) When the swarm has settled, shake or brush it into the new hive. (b) Remove the old hive from which the swarm came and place it where you want it to remain in the future. (c) Place the hive containing the new swarm on the old stand. The first bees returning home will enter the new hive on the old stand; by night the majority of bees are again in the new hive on the old "stand, making a strong colony. TRANSFERRING BEES 1. What is meant by transferring? : The changing of bees from one hive to another. The word as used by bee-keepers generally means the changing of a colony of bees from a box hive . or "gum" into a modern movable frame hive. ' 2. Whv is tVio tiivi or "cm " nn. .-iCf i t (a) Honey is wasted by crude meth ods of harvesting. (b) Swarming-can not be controlled, and this reduces . the earning power of the bees. (c) Bees can not be properly win tered and many - will die in cold weather. ' j (d) Bees can not be assisted nor stimulated for a honey flow. (e) Diseases "can not be controlled . (f) . Colonies-can tC- rcqueened: 3- What - kind of hiveis generally most satisfactory ? ' . ' " A standard ten-frame Langstroth hive. 4. What equipment is nesessary for transferring? A good movable frame hive with frames and either comb or full sheet foundation or foundation starter; a smoker, a bee veil, and a store box of suitable size to invert over the box gum. 5. What steps should be followed in transferring? (a) Remove the box gurri from its old stand to a point about ten feet away, not in the line of flight. (b) Turn the box gum up side down. (c) place the new hive in the posi tion on the stand from which the box gum was taken. (d) Tear off the top of the box gum. (which .was. Jthe bottom be fore store box over, the top ot the. m vertcd box gum. Smoke and drum bees at the bottom of the box gum and , get , them to move upward' and away from the -soft honey. After a few minutes they will collect in the inverted store box. (e) Take the Store box and shake the bees in front of or on the frames of the new hive on" the old stand. Repeat this until nearly all of the bees have been transferred. . (f) Tear the box gum apart with as little injury to the comb as posr sible. With a long knife separate the comb from the hive walls. Cut large sections of brood comb to fit in the frames in the new hive and .wire them into the frames. (g) Collect all comb honey for. the table . or for sale. Collect all of re maining comb to render into wax. (h) Thoroughly clean up the place after transferring, as the occurrence of loose honey may start robbing in the bee-yard. 6. At what time may bees be trans ferred? At any lime during honey t"lowrnot later than eight weeks before cold weeather so that the colony may have at" least' eight Weeks to build tip for winter. If there is any further information desired in reference to other .method1: of transferring, write for information. POTATO-PLANTING TESTS UPSET OLD PREJUDICES Phases of the moon and position of the horns still govern planting opera tions, particularly of potatoes, in many sections of the country. The light or the dark of the Wkhi, or whether the horns point upward or down are of no concern to horticul turalists of the United States Depart ment of Agriculture, but they are in terested in providing information look ing toward settlement of some of the other disputed questions dealing with potato planting. William Stuart and several assistants repdrt on experiments in potato plant ing carried on . in leading potato growing districts, Norfolk, Va., Pres que "Isle; Me GreeleyT-Colo and Jerome, Idaho. , Growers have long disputed the comparative merits of potato sets cut from, the stem end and from the seed end of the tubers. Some previous experiments seem to have indicated considerable superiority for one end or the other. The seed values of the two ends probably differ somewhat in different varieties. Results varied with the weight of the set, according to numerous tests, and, the data as a whole seem to indicate that as the weight of the set increases there is a greater response from the apical (seed) set than from the basal (stem) set. . Another fruitful source of argument is found in the value of oversized tubers .for seed. Most growers of seed potatoes have a strong prejudice against using large sized tubers. Af ter three years of experiment , the THINGS TO PLAN FOR RIGHT NOW . That cream check every two weeks. That cannery check every time you come to town. v ' . Fat hog sale in March. Poultry sale on Monday, April 23. Bread and Butter Show next fall. Encourage the 4-H Clubbers. ., Big Farmers' day next fall. Local Curb Market. . f Breed sows so that the pigs will go on the market in March, April, August and September. investigators conclude that 'sets from oversized tubers are evidently as pro ductive as those from normal-sized: tubers, and in seasons when a con siderable proportion of the seed stock grows too large to satisfy commercial, demands it may be recommended tor seed .purposes. The chief objections that have always, been raised in re gard to oversized tubers are that there i s more .wastage in cutting, involving., a larger quantity by weight to plant an acre, and in addition that they are silghtly more difficult to cut." ' Several experimenters have claimed great advantages from-the use of seed dug when it was somewhat immature-' Departmental experiments at three stations were 'inconclusive. At the Idaho station the increased yield from immature seed ranged from 77 bush els an acre for one variety to 180 bushels an acre for the best of the varieties. "Greening" potatoes for seed, that is, allowing them to sprout somewhat in sunlight is a common practice in Europe wdicrc the advantages seem to be distinctive. While greening ordi narily would bring potatoes to matur ity 10 days or two weeks earlier than would planting from unsprouted seed under cultural conditions prevailirVy be profitable. SOME QUESTIONS TO ASK YOURSELF, MR. FARMER Mr. Farmer, ask .yourself these questions. If yW can answer all of them accurately and satisfactorily you are probably prosperous and contented" with your lot. If not well, try to answer them anyhow. What is the size of your farm busi ness? . . What part of your investment is in land, buildings, livestock, machinery, and other capital ? Arc your crops properly proportion ed for greatest returns? How do your crop yield? compare with the average yields of the lo cality? v What classes of livestock return, you the most money ? How do the returns from your live stock compare with the average of you- locality ? : How many acres of crops ' do you raise pcrman r tJcrr horse r Is vour farm so organized that caclr part of the business is yielding satis factory returns? x How much have you left for your own" labor after deducting from your totaV receipts your year's expenses,, value of labor performed by member. of your family, and interest ' on your v investment ? , Howmuch does the farm contribute toward your family living? Farmers' Bulletin No. 1139-F, pub lished by the United States Depart ment of Agriculture, is designed to '( help you answer these questions in telligently. Then if the answers are -n not satisfactory you can more readily I ) find the strong and weak points in V- your system of management and make such changes that the answers ext year iu uie same questions will prove more satisfactory. This bulletin in cludes blanks for the compilation of an analysis of the farm business as a whole 'and in its parts, and the au thors explain jnpvyheLspacesimaybel filled and the sumaries made. It is mailed on reciuest.' to the Denartment' of Agricultur, Washington, D. 0. . t " CHOOSE GLASSES WITH CARE Now that the land ' south of the Mason and )Dixon line is selling cream and milk, ijt is time for that country to plan fori more and better .pastures. And while! . that land is handling a few dairy cows at a profit, why not have a few sheep and perhaps a small bunch of tattle to fatten or to grow? There aire grasses, and clovers which ,; will grow on any .soil. So the farm- ""Vf er ought t;o learn what he should use'w on his own particular piece of grass -, land and V not sow red dover or al falfa where it has no chance to live But the5 county agent is going to let C. C.i Flanery tell in part what he told t?he readers of the SOUTH (Coilitinucd on page three) ft V r o A. 1 v r
The Franklin Press and the Highlands Maconian (Franklin, N.C.)
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April 19, 1928, edition 1
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