North Carolina Newspapers

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 1S23 PAGE TWO CIVILIZATION BEGEMS AND ENDS WITH THE PLOW" TilE FRANKLIN PRESS, FRANKLIN. N. C. THINGS TO PLAN TO THROUGHOUT COMING YEAR Tli Farmers Day at the test farm' at Swannanoa on May 17, 1928. . Poultry loading depot with facili ties for grading eggs. 9 V ' An annual poultry show. Monthly livestock sales. Farmers' own line of delivery trucks. Purebred sires and seeds. Guernsey cattle association. A semi-annual seed exchange day. . A Harvest Carnival one day of the bread and butter show. KEEP YOUR FARM AND IT WILL KEEP YOU AND YOURS only number ours on the in:u.-.ti .. i ', demand 1 lie lop delivered to the phin;. ( Vc v. ill get it if the hog feeders s . .t .:..,! stay right with us on mc quouvj.. . J-,n it is a mighty hopeless task going j -,t tVw. iliim nlone and for the other fellow in the bargain. Just About the Farm In going over the country last week .in the interest of poultry, 1 was sur prised to find that the chicken :n dustry is way down. 1 reckon it has been the necessity of raising tax money made a good many sell too lii fact, a number of the wive told me that the men folks would take the heaviest birds when it came time to catch chickens for the sale ' Havinir - heavy- birds to go on the sale is all well and good. But where is the sense in selling off the hen that lays the golden egg? . Just in case anyone should care for information, if something is not done in the way of getting in behind the poultry flocks on our Macon county farms 1 mean the folks who own chickens getting in behind their own flnrt-e in thp nmner manner, there , w a- J - I - I - will very quickly come a-time when instead of there being the already too small number of hens on the farms of this county, actually lo last year, there will be aDout two. Again just in case there are some one or two here and there that care The farm pages of The Press are edited by the county agent in col laboration with the editor. BUR CLOVER AND AUSTRAIN PEAS Tht-n,' cfi'd have come. Anyone wanting to try them may have a few of the seed. It will pay to give them a trial. It is a good net xnai the winter peas will grow here. The clover is not so sure. rut try ami see. DAIRYING TV,rP has been several inciuiries for a load of dairy cows and heifers this last week. It would be a good thing to get off the surplus that cannot be sold in this county. wnai nave you s Havr vou cot that green feed sown for the old cow this winter? Better look to it right away. Its the hard working farmer that gets ahead these times. Pvprv fipld a crrecn field this win- tr ic the miner farmer's watch word. The Hick-well, heaint got no watch word no how. Pulling Fodder Repetition (from last year): It will cost you twice as much in time and from five to thirteen bushels of corn per acre to pull your fodder. Go ahead though. Grandpa did it so it must be the best mchod. Macon county the land of super that think mavbe. LYLES HARRIS, County Agent. TPV SOMF. SPINACH FOR WINTER GREENS v C.. While spinach is not in accord with some folks' ideas about what is uood to eat, it is an, W thp. information: there are iust excellent green for winter and spring 7 m-'-v-yjpiswwjMK clgc;- lai n uiu"OTu" American agriculture is c haracler i.cd by the large output per m:n the extensive use of horse and moior power, and of machinery. As a con sequence a smaller percentage of the population is engaged in farmir., than in most countries.' In Europ' farmers constitute half the population and they do not grow half of the people; in the United States onc; fourth of the population produce enough to feed itself and the other three-fourths; m addition it producer clothing tor a large part 01 tne world. American agriculture is also char ivrH hv thp wide senaration of the points of production and con sumption. In Europe the tarmer is much closer, as a rule, to the con sumer than is the American farmer. Hence the problem of distribution, or marketing is much more serious with the American farmer, both as to cost and satisfactory delivery. He must necessarily be concerned with the cost and efficiency of transportation systems. . ' ' American agriculture - nas -ieu-ine impact of industrialism which has made - more - rapid - progress - in thb country than anywhere else. Ou agriculture has been profoundly af fected by the devices for speed, quick communication, and mass production employed by industrial agencies. And there is a doctrine arising which pro claims that the problem of produc tion in agriculture is the same as in industry; that the same methods should apply to both ; that the oppor tunity for prosperity in farming lies in applying skillful management to large scale production; that in this way. production costs can be ma terially reduced, and, as a result, .Mti nrnfito rpa1i7pd. We should place stronger emphasis on the value of research as industry is doing. The amount of money -invested, iawresearchjn, industry very these tissues is indicated by. the ap pearance of a bkie color. The ab sence of the desirable reserve r,i tralcs is indicated by r.o co!r char,;.,.;. No change in color and the yellowish leaves indicates introgen starvation and the need for a further supply for corn health and good yields. Jf the potassium supply is inaucS rrifclp. thr- leaves are likpiv to fire at the edges, plants die prematurely, j and the tars tend to be chaffy and starchy. To test this, split a stalk and apply a few drops of 10 per cent solution of potassium thiocyanate' to the joint tissue and. then add a few drops of dilute (1 to 2) hydro-chloric acid. It the joint is discoioren it shows an accumulation of iron in the plant, and this is an indication of potasium starvation. If corn plants are stunted and do not show symptoms of either nitrogen or potassium starvation, then a lack of phosphorus is probabale. There is no simple chemical test for this condition. Phosphorus deficiencies arc most likely in soils strongly acid in reaction. If the soil is acid, it in creases the probability of the diag nosis of lack of phosphorus. "The stalk tests," says Doctor Hof fer, "serve well to indicate the limit ing plant foods for best growth and productivity of the corn plants. The stalk tests - are qualitative only :in character, but when used as a guiuc for the interpretation of the direction in which increased fertility should ' established they are extremely val uable and practical." What would happen to us if this were started here? Gosh! I hate to think of it. LYLES HARRIS. THINGS TO PLAN FOR RIGHT NOW That cream check every two weeks. That cannery check every time you come to town. Fat hog sale in June. . Bread and Butter Show next fall. Encourage the 4-H Clubbers. Big Farmers' day next fall, Local Curb Market. . Breed sows so that the pigs will go on the market in March, April, August and September. eatly:oycrsnajwW.-ti.r-: dairy COWS NEED SUCCULENT FEED WHEN PASTURE IS POOR During the late summer pastures in most sections are short because of dry weather and because they arc grazed too closely. If there . is any grass, it is not succulent and is palatable. Consequently, : cows will not consume enough for high milk production. Experienced dairymen know that it the production of their cows has de- may help in healthy work? And isn't it, indeed, good that we have learned how to raise them, children and chickens, scientifically? Where is the rickety child of years ago ? Where are . the loads of hens that a wee back, we carried over to the big hole in the woodland, dead of chol era? Where has the white diarrhea menace gone? Into the limbo of old methods of feeding dough and - set ting eggs only on the new of the moon Tn hpdn with, our oeoole insisted upon the county court supplying a farm agent and a home demonstra tion agent. We have both. For four teen years an appropriation has been demanded to keep them. ,A few times, the court has taken, an economical spell and tried to shirk this important appropriation, but each time, the wom en flocked in and when women take up thinks, you know, they go. The farm agent has been left off a time or two for a spell,' just long enough to show the men what they .were los ing, but don't think it will ever oc cur again. This is one reason for our purebred fowls, as well as for lots of other paying things. SALES , CO-OP GREW STEADILY -t ... good strain of pure bred chickens. This can best be acompiisncd Dy gett ing two hundred baby chicks early next spring,-1 said early- not after the market for fryers has gone down. Second: there arc very few properly constructed houses in the county. The way that this may be remedied is to build a ten by twelve brooder house and have it ready for the baby chicks in the spring. Then by next fall have a mite and louse proof com mercial laying house built that will hold a hundred hens. The third way, and its as necessary as anyone of the others, is to feed properly. Home grown feed comes one dollar and a half less per 100 lbs than the other, and tests at the test farm have shown' it to be just the same feeding value. Water is worth just exactly one dollar and sixty cents ju-r pound when fd tn rhicWpns that .ne lavinrr. l'ig- ure it out for yourself. Two thirds of hp pec is water. Take eggs at tirtv fpnts nrr dozen and at twenty four ounces to the dven which is the standard. -Water weighs ten pounds to .the gallon. , 'Ph.. prnn mav he mantcd at in tervals during September and October horvpet durincr the late fall or it L t ...... - - - o , may be sown in February for spring harvest, sys KoDcrt cnmiar, veg etable specialist .at State College. "The fall crop is often left in the nvpr wintpr and harvested in side application of nitrate of soda will February, or March. The leaves may be injured by heavy frosts but a side application ot nitrate oi will bring out new leaves. The best variety for fall planting is the Vir ginia Savoy . which is blight resis tant. The best variety for spring planting is the Long Standing Blooms dale Savoy." ' ' .,. In any case, states Mr. scnmiai, the crop likes a rich,' well drained, sandy loam soil. It does best on one that is slightly alkaline, hence lime should be applied a few days before planting. Well rotted, stable manure- always gives good results. The best commercial fertilizer is one analyzing 8 per cent phosphoric acid 9 per cent nitrogen and 3 per cent potash, applied at the rate of from 1600 to 2.000 pounds per acre. The applications are ebst made at three or four different times during the grow- . . hit; sea'.'". . . , i Have you ti.1 H: wl f"' Mr. ScJimi.1t states that spinach is m cither ,W,W,j-n1. fh hie wintpr? Its :n 'viiess that very few have done so. ".lor . Fanner, iVcrily." Plans for the best kind of poultry houses are in the county agent's of fice. Better gel yours in time so that you will have il , when an op portunity offers for geting out the lumber. The Spanish Goteriunent has asked the N. C. poultry department to get them 300 matched hens. They are not to be had. Thereis a request -Jor 5000 mated birds to go to" South 'America. They are not to be had in N. C. Some day we will turn oft our backs and wake up. These orders would bring over $20,000.00 if they could be filled. ' Repition: Quality stuff in quantities always sells. -. ' ---- : 1 , MOGS .. W -r.- , : .r,...r...... . We have to truck our hogs to 'Ashevule. Cannot get loading in transit service on the T. F. railroa I. Well, it "will pay us better. Wh' i the Ga. highway is finished we w!'l have two outlets by truck. Guess will be putting on regular truck se--vice in the not verv far distant future. Feed out what hogs you can as soon as you can while the, price is right. Get the hogs up to two hun dred pounds. Theseare the kind of hogs that the trade pays the most for. ' If your hogs are lighter than this ifeed them. If they are heavier, cat them- at home. We want to put rat. Ilie practice lonowea, iy best irrowers in North Carolina- is to plant in raised : beds, tour rows wide with each row from 10 to" 12 inches apart. Fut the seed in aDout one-half inch deep and when the t.lnnte -h-ivp formed ..four full leaves. thin. t tour "or ' six inches apart. About 20 pounds of -seed, are rcquiren to plant an acre in this way. Spinach is harvested by cutting tne t?n root just -below the lower leaves culture. ' No large industry today thinks of changing its practice wun out engaging Jn research as an aid in determining its course of action. As a national asset ot mis naiion, the land is paramount. It is im possible! to spend too much thought, research, and well intentioned dis ......en in ipnrnino- hnw to hanadle it Avisely. The thought, research and discussion must involve all' oi the problems surrounding the land and th people who live on it. We should not forget 1 that no nation has yet succeeded over a long period in feed ing and clothing all of its people adeqquately. . -1 i ONE COW VS DOZEN Why milk twelve poor cows when one good cow will do the work of the twelve. Analyses' of more than 100,000 year ly individual records from cows on test in dairy herd improvement as sociations.' indicate that, on the aver age, cows that produced 100 pounds butterfat a year returned $14 each over feed cost, cows that produced 200 pounds butterfat a year returned $54 each over feed cost, cows thai produced 300 pounds butterfat a year retaurned $90 each over icci cows that produced 400 pounds but terfat a vcar returned $138 each over feed cost, cows that produced pounds butterfat a year returned $178 each over feed cost. In other words one 500 pound nro ,i,w return $10 more over fee' cost than will the entire twelve TOO pound producers. This does not nke into account, cither, the added labor of milking and caring for the larger herd, or the much greater expense of providing stable room tor a neni All discolored leaves a-re removed . jnstead 0f a single : animal. . 1 i.J !m Uni-hnl 1 - f . . . t . ' and the crefp marketed in bushel baskets or ventilated .barrels.., hmild - produce from -300-tQ400 barrels of good spinach. . OUR NATION'S AGRICULTURE (Dean W. C. CoHey, Mnmesota Col lege of Agrieulture) The American people are the 'bt tt-A in tlip wnrld. in fact, as a nailtm we arc so-yell-- fefl -and '-clothed that it is easy for to lapse into a cima of indifference relative to the security of our food ? nd clothing supply. :' We, as a whole, manifest almost no concern aV' to the future 'producing power of the land. We do not seem to realize that we have been draw ing heavily on our plant food reserve in late years, due to th insufficient inome of the farmer and his conse quent failing to return the fertility he has taken from the' land. It is wel ,lto remember that those who live on the land arc in charge of a na tional asset, the soil, arftl that ;the ob ject of the nation should be to pro vide conditions which will encourage the land loving to abide on the lan in SUCll rt Slit It til l-nmumn unit.- iiilji. n.-.invi. ---- prf1(j(,n.e as will insure the conserva- pearance of a blue color. Th eabsnre tion-of its nroducina: rk)wer. of the desirable reserve nitrates in Th fimirpc from returns are based on farm prices from all parts or tne Counfryrincludingwhole-milk districts. CORNSTALK TESTS INDICATE FERTILIZER NEEDS OF PLANTS When a field of corn appears to be in unthrifty condition the farmer . u i:i, Unn Mihv Tf thp rorn Rlocs not get the proper plant food from the - soil - the tarmer.. wouiu imc to know what is lacking. Tests have been devised by which farmers can gain considerable information as to such conditions. "The plant foods which are de ficient most frequently in fields in the Corn Belt are nitrogen, potassium, or phosphorus salts," says George N. Hfiffcr, of the United States Depart ment of Agriculture. "Corn plants growing under soil conditions of nit rogen starvation display a yellowish green to yellow color of the leaves aid stalks. By splitting open a corn stalk and applying to the tissues a few drops xpf . a solution of diphenv lainine in concentrated sulphuric acid thi. nrpcptire of reserve nitrates in these tissues is indicated by the ap- TOrcTpractically impossible to bring the production back to normal during that milking period. The summersilo, -according - to the United States Department of Agri culture, is probably the best means of supplementing short, dried-up pas turpc . Fnr a hprd of 12 to 20 cows, -i cilrt mm 10 tn 12 feet in diameter is best suited for t-his purpose be cause the silage can then De tea oy fast enough to prevent spoiling. If, however, all the silage is not fed dur ing the summer it can be fed the following winter or the next summer. Silage will keep for several years. Dairymen frequently fill two silos, one for winter feeding and one for sum mer use. Where it is not feasible to erect a fnr cinnmpr feed the short pa1- ture may be supplemented by cert-'n pasture crops instead of summer si!-' age. In many sections sweet clover has proved very satisfactory for this purpose. It does well at this season and has the advantage of being a legume and consequently contains a large amount of protein. Alfalfa can also be pastured at this time and will assist materially in -parcventing the mid-summer drop in milk flow. ii,r vnnh; nations of lesnmes. such as peas, vetches, and soy beans, w grains, such as corn, wheat, oats, barl ey, and rye, can be grown and fed green. Successive plantings of these crops will often, provide succulent ded neriod. Sudan grass is also well suited for grazin;:' purposes throughout the Central West. In adidtion to good pasture high producing cows need to be. fed gram to supply the required nutrients. Cows producing more than 20 pounds of milk daily should be given 1 pound of grain to each 4 to 6 pounds of milk produced. The grain, feed may be a mixture of corn, oats, wheat bran, or barley, and should always be ground. For. cows produc ing more than 35 pounds of milk daily the grain mixture should contain one high-protein concentrate, such as. th oil meals. ly, . usuaHyy'TnoOTia-arjorr-ifr its contact with' the individual mem bers. When a co-operative sales organization can grow out of the con solidation oi several miwiici tives, its chances of being a permanent success are greany -increaseu. Down in South Carolina, the Car olina Co-operatives Consolidated, which ; began shipping sweet potatoes in 1920, is this strong type of organiza tion.. These four paragraphs, taken from the Southern Agriculturist, . will give the reader an idea of how this association grew out of a combination of smaller strong units: After the different commodity or- ganizations rame 'together to sell their the same manacemenL it was decided to reorganize under . t : xl the title ot Laronna io-operauvts Consolidated. This organization be came a kind of clearing house of which the Carolines Sweet Potato As sociation, South Carolina Peach Grow ers' Association, Carolinas Dewberry Local Associations are members. Fach separate organization has its officers and boards of directors which meet and decide what they will give for service rendered. Two members are furnished by each frroun to makex'a .central' board. A combined audit and report is m?de to this" central board. This is the machinery used for selling these sev nri nrndnrts. Tt is done more ef-. ' ficientlv' and much more economical ly than if each one operated scparatc- ' The peach growers allow .ordv. 7 per cent for operating expenses. The sweet potato grower's contract allows the or ganization a maximum of 10 rpnt hut RR ner cent is the 'brer-- pst charge that has been made. The fipwhprrv rowers allow 10 per cent but as this is a consignment prop osition it is hard to get out on tnis allowance. ' .. REAR CHILDREN AND CHICKENS The farmer's wife has always been his partner in business. In the good old days of the long ago, she spun the yarn, she knit the socks, she made the soap and she mldcd her own tallow candles. While she docs none of . these things today, she is still busy with the many duties which have to be performed in the farm home. " Your county agent rarely clips an article by a farm wife for use in this column; But he has just read one in' the Southern Agriculturist, which he can not resist. It was written bv Mis. Will Ratcliffe, Greene coun ty!. Tenn. Here are two paragraphs: Isn't it fine that there's a breed to suit eberybody? And that women have a paying job right at home where thpv can raise thir children and chickens up together, happy and contented; where even the little, folk GO SLOW BUT GO! Cow testing associations fill a vital need. Hnnrl nacturps are essential. IVC IU This is a big business in itself and should be handled on a business like basis. fin - clvw Hon't " OWP. Make each cow a milk, factory, operat- ing on a protitabie Dasis. Again consult the county agent. An interesting and instructive Banker-Farmer Short Course was staged -4. tl. Cffn CnWoctt Mnrth Carolina. dl llic k7iaiv vv 1 . v -. , -" - - . on August 2 and 3. ' "Tw of the outstanding features urprp talks made bv two boys and Hrls who went to the National 4-F Encampment at Washington, and the program put on by the Young Tar heel Farmers," reports Secretary Paul P. Brown. The Short Course was sponsored by the North Carolina Bankers Agri cultural Committee, and is the second course of the kind held for the bank ers in the state. CONSULT YOUR COUNTY AGENT AS YOU WOULD YOUR DOCTOR OR YOUR LAWYER