North Carolina Newspapers

THURSDAY, CCTOSER 11, IS23 I'AGE TWO "CIVILIZATION BEGINS AND ENDS WITH THE PLOW" THE FRANKLIN PRESS, FRANKLIN, N. C. THINGS TO PLAN TO THROUGHOUT COMING YEAR Poultry loading depot with facili ties for grading eggs. .' An annual poultry show. ' Monthly livestock sales. c Farmers' own line of delivery trucks. Purebred sires and seeds. Guernsey cattle association. A semi-annual seed exchange day. . A Harvest Carnival one day of Jhe bread and butter show. Just About the Farm A little study :in the cost of high taxes would reveal some very startling information. , Just by way of starting the ball mlUnir here are Some figures, the analysis of which will give a little j insight into the state of affairs from an agricultural standpoint only. There arc 328,320 acres in Macon county. Of this amount 8,006 acres are not on the tax books. It is presumed that this land is taken up with public holdings such as roads, school lands, etc. The Federal Forest Reserve has a total boundry of 105,867 acres. This leaves a total in private owner ship of 212,453 acres, only twenty per cent of which is cultivatable. That is 42,491 acres are producing the food an,d feed that are produced in Macon county. This leaves 169,962 acres that are not producing crops of any kind. Assuming that one half of this acreage, that is, 84,981 acres, are not in . timber of any value, or pasture. At tVip rate of 76 cents per acre, which is the, average tax per acre in . l2eoiir(tytleaycinK, of f ..all -special - . . .-r ... -. (m4' " property tax on land that is not re turning any vakie to the owner. , .. ' ' This is indeed a ' gloomy picture; 'and what is the process by which it ' may be brightened up? Pastures.' ' ' With two acres to the cow, 84,980 acres' Vill keep 42,490 head of cattle, .which would be .produced, on land that is now nonproductive. . ' ii; It At fifty dollars a head., the abov. mentioned number of cattle is wonii 11' L . . . .-1 rwl ttiri1ltr-fA11' IWO million one uunwiiu thousand five hundred dollars - , . . , . .Is it any wonder tnat "Mng.M-u.. V..,l ,Mh,lM Cili'lT i ' 1 If 1 H 11 1 K WliSliLLil" 1. HiXl U WUlii on ii " j : a,l0Wcd t0 "rST. , PASTURES During this last week I have driven over a good part ot uic'coumy, though I have looked carefully I have - , V . ....!... .:..,i,. i.;ik;,1.. .. fallen to nonce- mi '"" where winter grasses are beginning to turn the landscape pceii, and there l . u-Jnir irrflQvii'n r" WCVi' I SI 1 1 it H lllll I 1 . lilc n; sinrW teed thai nidi 01, v hhih' - -- jtuvu "-'""'v r grow luxuriantly here. , three-fourths of a cup of sugar to b rOI1, Cup of juice, the jelly test will 'The value of pasturage per acre j bc obtained in a few. minutes; that per year to the variuys kinds of live- tiK. Si,-Up will flake or sheet ott stock are as ..follows: Hogs, $411.00.1 u;c . su,otli indicating .that the jelly it. .n.. nr-JOOA ("..til,. -t7on() liccn I . : ,.l,o,i $15.00. . 1 .i Poor pastures are worth not the, : ... t,.n -,k,( id. .tn ' timc it takes to tell about them A' w . WHEAT SMUT Ve have a ' home-made-,' machine rigged up' otH at the roller mill for treating wheat .for :-nint if anyone cares to use it. The miller : will charge about IS cpnts n hnslicl and !'v v n i si i the eh'emi cal with" whic!i the -wheat is- treated. ' It is not the looee . smut or Mart which we see on the heads that. -turn them black that . !o,-s any niateri:;'! damage in this section, . but it is the covered smtit that' works insi-U- tli'o chaff. And this causes a great deal of damage .in this section mainly because it is r.ot easily ' ilrtected and people do not icaiie. the .damnge.. BREAD AND BUTTER SHOW : It is hoped- that .every owe who. ;. will take an. active, oart .in m;d;' this show a success thi? year. . .,..' , Every effort is being .made tin;' .-r the very limiting circumstances to v.n on a good entertainment .as' well, as a cood educational-program. Saturday will be the big day, and will probably be followed by a good old break-down dance that night. We arc also. trying to have a Har vest Thanksgiving Ceremony a short time, probaly Friday afternoon, with some rousing good singing and some KEEP YOUR FARM AND IT WILL KEEP YOU AND YOURS lectures .by one or two of our local ministers. It seems to me that this is partic ularly appropriate for Macon county this year when wc look over the country and see the devastation that has been wrought in other sections by storms and cyclones. ' t is probably a little unusual to have a ceremony on a fair program, but this is just ours anyway and wc can do as wc please. , In the language of Kudyard Kipling "Now is the time for a long pull, and a strong pull by every bloomin' soul." Macon county the. land of super farmers that think maybe. LVLES HARRIS, County Agent. OATS WILL HELP MEET Yittll? SHORTAGE SPRING FEED SHORIAU Feed will be at a premium on many southern farms next spring. Reports from a number of southern states in dicate a smaljer corn crop than us ual. Fall seeded oats can help to meet htc need for feed next spring. Ac frniipntiv crnwn. the oat crop is disappointing. It is too much to expect a profitable crop ot oats wncu the seed are drilled in .on a worn hill side and then forgotten until harvest time next spring. Many farmers have learned the value ot tall oats ana have made them . one of .the most profitable crops. Date ot planting anrt adequate ier titwotiAn nro two of the most impor tant points, in producing a good yield, which is essential tor promapie pro duction. Experiments made in many southern states have . cieariy snown early seeding to be important. . Large quantities of available nitro gen are necessary for large yields of oats but most of the nitrogen should be withheld for application in the spring. A complete fertilizer car rying a rather hign percentage ui phosphoric acid is desirable for use on most southern soils at seeding time. ..... . On iandv soils a fertilizer such as a 12-4-4 oY 10-4-4 is desirable. On .... ,..;i.,,.i7. i.a..ma-v.J)eusea. , ,1(J,V ' - . ; . - k- -,-. - TlluiTnofttTatfK. a fertilizer such as 12-0-4 is desirable. Superphosphate alone at the rate of 250 to 400 pounds per . acre may be used on rich soil requiring neither nitrogen nor -potash. Three hundred to five hundred pounds of mixed fer tilizer at seeding time is a conserva tive amount to use. , , ; Some readily available nitrogen i 1,1 u ouniixrl tn oats on almost ! c;ic ;., tlm South. From 1M) to sniJiiiii ll at 200 pounds of nitrate ot soaa, nuraii. luhate of ammonia shoul.l be applied in the spring. Where needs for phosphoric acid and potash nave ,ua v.. r."v ' li,.d. heavier soring applications may, f. i "v '" ! FALL FRUITS THAT ''JELU' . ! WITHOUT AUUinu j Concord and fox grapes, tart apples. and sour quinces arc r it (. JnlKr makiiiL' because their juiers "contain two. ol. the sud btanccs essential ot the iMn oi :,.lN.tiortin am acid. V neu aH i " ir.j ifii !iiiv ol these truit W Kill VI UM ikivi llv in the proportion 01 I Specialists of hie . liureau i of Home rioeti.iii-"--' "i ..iv - -- . , - .f i, 1 inxtt'A States l'e- rxonouut n mv v ..." - irlmcnt of agriculture ;say that n . ii - i 1... nnn.tcnrtf to add oec- shotild not c naNj ; . tin to- make good -jeuy , inmi . above fruits. Added- pecun. may -used-to make jelly from fruits which contain little or none of this sub stance such as strawberries or rht.: i)arb. Added acid, in the form oi .... .-.j 1 ;iinilf -nilCC. IS sometimes needed even . when suni- ri,.nt oectin is present, as in the case. nf - nmiinces.'- which - are not sour, - or , i - Kiirtherries. --v.- sweet piuius, u w..- , . 1 1 T I ' 11 .11 IV from 'apples 1ICI 1 11 1 r ! LV . .... t ... .....i 1 itv m iclnes, 1 air. i -sm. -i - : . , i , . ,w..c:irv to add RU . .. 1 1 t t ill wvn iKIllK .li'V'y r stii'u,b!e llieM'.si sale ar .if a ;);'! k insures and nrono'in 'm i'1'---- oMcietiUv tart 1 ! iv,v ;.- i.'S otte-ed to- ,V". fnnn a combinr.ti"i V.Uh-V in':ces because this vu,.d firm 'jelly'.-- -texU'.ire. H-.,v,r is seldom ' i ' i v. . ' :-s thai: i-coei' which the jellv Utbcs its niuuc. , . Sometimes lite unnecessary use added pectin results in. a jelly th-.i cl.tes ni.t keep well, because ot in sufficient cooking. It is desirable to cook anv jvllv ve'rv. qnickly and c6re fullv, but if there, is too. much ' pec tin." present . the ' jelly stage , may be reached before the juices are thor oughly cooked, and fermentation will result. , ,r To make good plain apple .icily, choose apples of a fairly tart variety that are not . overripe, extract the juice from: the entire apples skins, cores-- everything but the damaged parts, which should 1 be trimmed out The farm pages of The Press are edited by the county agent in col laboration with the editor. and you will have the basis of p clear, sparkling, tasty jelly that will stand up well and cut smoothly. SOME OCTOBER PRECAUTIONS AGAINST ANIMAL PARASITES With the approachof cold weather, bright, mild days in, October are a good time for dipping livestock. This is a timely reminder' given in the "Calendar of Livestock Parasites, published as Miscellaneous Publica tion 25-M, for free .distribution by the United States Department of ag riculture. Dipping livestock on farms during freezing weather may cause chilling and De injurious. -y rara'aph (or the mon.h a.s., ' nrtnWis time to "learn Well lis , r, about trichinosis and reasons- tor cooking pork well." The text of the calendar devoted to the month of October says: ' . "Did you dip your hvcsiock. month? If not, do it now, before cold weather. If sheep scab is dor mant in your flock .t will make trouble later. Consult Farmers Bul letin No. 713-F, Clean up chicken llC"Bcware of trichinosis. Now is the time for early fall slaughtering of t? . t.nr mcrs are killed on DIES. J ve ya- . - , the farm and made into sausage and other products, fcvery year m c r'c wife tastes the raw sausage to see whether .the season ing is right and the farmers family r . i nf the raw saus- or menus vi - - A . age or other pork products raw. And every year titere arc a ..u...v. deaths from trichinosis as a result ot IZt .lintr The disease is caus- ed by worms, of microscopic size, known as trichinae, which live m the "Most of our trichinosis arises from farm slaughtering of pigs and the eat- -r cnncQcrf from small, un- lTlir Jl law .mn'D . ...... nspected establishments, rrichmojii n mie. swine veryi little trouble or discomfort, but. is a very ":f..i ,i;co. in man and frequently l):lIi;jrZI-'.n.'-r -;. . ....... r- .. . ' - oT treat prouucis wv" " - avoid eaung m. "' "When nature supplies your chick ens and turkeys with 'free feed in the form of earthworms, snails, slubs and insects, there may be a cost to reckon with later Many irrtc worms use these other small animals as intermediate hosts or carriers of some sort in getting from one bird to another. Thus earthworms some times transmit tapeworms to chicKs, slugs and snails transmit tapeworms and' nematodes (the. round worm ' t .Ua(H row croup) to chickens and turkeys, i small animals, swauuwi w.. . .rnnnitlirs ur ,n contaminate small animals swallow worm egg , - - " , cs or young SKJlt y x i.-nrmt ic the bird that ea worm.' slug, snail, or ins . 1:.. t Ui tele In nr dorbXontrol lmcrnieiuaiL n""" n,...,.. certain parasitic worms. I he Bureau of Animaf Industry will identify par asitic worms and furnish any avail able information in regard to life his tories and control measaures. Many life histories are not yet known, and control measures must await the re sults ' of scientific investigations such as those on which our known cf tec live -control measures are based. TWENTY-SEVEN FIRMS FOUND SELLING ADULTERATED SEED A number of seed dealers offering redtop seed for sale continue to han dle adulterated or misbranded lots, ac cording to the United States Depart ment of agriculture. In examining redtop seed" in. 436' mail samples and 113 purchased lots, the seed labora tory of the Bureau of Plant Industry found the seed from 27 firms to be adulterated , or misbranded. In all .cases' timothy' seed, was the principal adulterant, although, some samples ran hirh 27 jK.r cent dirt and chaff o: . . . . m ... ... ,,!(,,., ; , v h mn mlto i - t . i i . addresses of the offeikd- ve ,v,Mhe in the'" service .iii.; i . i 1 1 . .ii j . " - and regulatory, announcements' by the i e i .Li e i. m accordance with tn: ess making alorop.riat ms V.C: ot con for such investigations. ' ' . .. . The llurean of I'lant Industry v.i.l continue to examine and , report .promptly as to the presence of adul terant; "and .dotMer .in- any -sample- 't-seed- of' grasses, clover, or alfalfa, and iawn-grass seeds secured in thev open market, and submitted -for such, analy sis. -Accordi'.ig to 'the Vication of the .sender, these -samples mtiy be sent to the .seed laboratory at Washington. J). C, or to an. -of 'the 'following co-operating laboratoi-ies : Co-operative Seed Laboratory. California State Department of Agriculture, ; -Capitol Extension Building, ' Sacramento, Calif.; Co-operative Seed Laboratory, Oregon Agricultural College, Corvallis, Oregon.; Co-operative Seed Labora tory, l'Tirdue University Agricultural Experiment Station, La- Fayette, Jnd.; Co-operative Seed Laboratory, Mis souri Agricultural Experiment Station, Columbia, Mo. SOIL IMPROVEMENT CROP SHOULD BE FERTILIZED Now is the time to lay plans for a more profitable corn crop next sum mer. Lorn grows best on a ncn soil well supplied with organic mat tpr and moisture: Wniter leuumes grown and turned tinder help to bring about these desirable conditions. Vftrh and Austrian neas are quite promising winter legumes, although there are other winter legumes tnat arc good. Either of these crops should be artificially inoculated to insure best results. Uninoculated vetch4 or peas may result in failure. The benefit secured from a green manure crop depends to a large ex tent on the amount ot material grown tn hp turned under. On thin land where the benefit of the soil improve ment crop is needed most, tne growm is usually weak, and little Denetit is obtained. Ilnlfss the winter lesrume is secd- pfl r.n land where the summer crop was fertilized heavily, fertilizer should be applied for vetch or peas, un cunrW land 400 or 500 nouilds per acre of fertilizer carrying both phos- phone acid and potash, such as i-u-t will give good results. On heavier soils 300 to 500 pounds per acre superphosphate alone may be used. A good crop of vetch turned into the soil may increase the yield of corn 20 bushels per acre. A good crop of vetch cannot be obtained on poor land without additional plant food. Rats, destroy about $400,000,000 worth of property annually, according to the . United States Public Health Service. If you want to stop con tributing your share to this fund, ob serve the following pointers when erecting farm, buildings i Make continuous concrete founda tions extend at least 24 onches below and 12 inches above the ground, level. When pdsts and piers are used as supports, have them raise the building at least 18 inches off the ground if it is 3 Ofcet wide or less, and increase m; hpitrht, 6 inches for each addition al ten feet in width. This discour ages the rats from- using the space rninitiore ae lariyc as tiossible ill order to admit light to the enclousre from at least three sides. Completely , close the floor joists . at the wall with a 2-inch plank wide enough to lap over the lower edge of the sill. Fill the boxed space thus prepared with concrete, Use concrete floors wherever pos sible. . . .' I'rotcct all necessary openings with 1-4 inch mesh, 12 guage wire screen. ii-,.vi-lf dnnrs uiih soring hinges. J v v - Leave no doors, windows, or other , . uni)rotcctca. j uwr. DF.WRERRY BECOMING Established in the south Tim Vnnncr flrwhcrrv. a cointiar- atrvely new variety recommended by the United States Department of ag riculture for trial wherever dewberries are' grown, is rapidly becoming estab lished in the South. -George M. Dar row, a senior pomologist in the Bu reau of Plant Industry, reports ; a considerable acreage already in fruit ing in southern Alabama, one grower having as much as 10 acres.. Grow ers there expect to plant several hun dred acres this winter for carload shipments to northern markets. In California, says Mr. Darrow, growers have tested the Young dew berry sufficiently to confirm their opinion that iris in every way su perior to the Logan.. More than 1,000 plants were set out there this" spring. Larger plantings are to be made this winter. . .' . Camming tests in California indi cate that, the variety is, especially adapted to canning. The extension Of the cold-pack industry opens up an especially ,-lrfge market to growers of this variety. The berries are put up in barrels with 1 pound of sug:r to 2 pounds of fruit. Such fruit, err. be used .'by -. preservers,.. for the ice cream trade,, and if somewhat .less sugar is put with the1 bernies they can be used by pie manufacturers.': The Young dewberry is further ap preciated by grower's because' it ap pears to be resistant to anthracnosc lind tiip common leaf-soot, diseases. The berries arc as large or larger than-the Logan and are much s ! er. They are of a deep wine ; cot' vevv ';ttractive,v' and of "eVceptiona-l'.- high dessert quality, '; . u, 7 - . - . CHEMISTRY IS PARENT OF MANY -NEWER .'SCIENCES .".Cheuttsiry," when it. first turned ..'.v'i tke field .of' agricultural research, 'was expected to do great things P u". the farmer," says Dr. C. A. I'.rowne, - who is in charge of ' chemical research rn the Iriited States Department of Ag riculture. 'This opinion was so wide ly accepted that when the first direc tors of the state experiment stations were chosen chemists often had the preference, and chemists had almost a monopoly of agricultural research. This no longer seems to be the case. THINGS TO PLAN FOR RIGHT NOW That cream check every two weeks. 1 That cannery check every time you come to town. Bread and Butter Show . next fall. . Encourage the 4-H Clubbers. . Big Farmers' day next fall. Local Curb Market.- Breed sows so that the pigs will go on the market in March, April, August and September. and the fact might be interpreted as meaning a decline in the appreciation of chemistry , as a factor of science."' Doctor Browne does not believe - this to be true. "What actually hap pened," he says, "was not a decline, but an immense extension m the ap- plication of chemistry to agriculture." The field grew so groad that speciali zation proved essential, and many of the specialties, although firmly based in the essentials of chemistry and de pendent on chemical research, are now identmed by , other titles, such as agronomy, horticulture, plant physiol ogy, .and animal nutrition. The in fusion of chemistry into these other sciences is so great that some of them might almost be considered as branches of chemistry, and investiga tors in these subjects require a most , thorough training in the fundamentals of chemistry. YEAR-ROUND WORKERS Analyzing the reasons for the rela tively good organization and manage ment of the dairy industry, Dr. A. i Woods of the United States Depart ment of agriculture finds the follow ing three of particular importance: (1) Fertility largely oges oacK to the land through the manure. Feeds, purchased in part probably add moriv--et , .r.ui-Un .dairy., p'rod- (3) everybody on the dairy farm works the year round. Though the pay' may be small it gradually ac cumulates. .''' "The dairy farm and the dairy fam ily," said Doctor Woods in address ing a group of Ohio dairymen recent ly, "gradually become richer not too rich nor perhaps ; rich enough, but improving all the time. This is true even though modern bookkeeping methods show a paper loss, based ..on going wages and sale values. These economic "studies of the dairy industry have ' pointed out ways to reduce, costs of. production and other sources of loss- and -thus- increase the margin of net profit." . ' Store Sweet Potatoes For Late Winter Sale Raleigh, Oct. 6. Nearly always, ' j. K.i.-irr i 1r'iif firlfr nt digging time and a higher price in the late winter, and spring because they are hard to keep unless properly cured and stored. "i-ru,. k.ic meilinl for riiriiur and X IVV.Tl- 1U,IIIWVI . storing the crop is to use a wen constructed, modern sweet potato stor age house," says Robert Schmidt, Bt-iorialkt :it State Collecre. V 1 j, lavi v . j v ....... v . -ii "Where such a house is not available, some tightly-constructed building on the- farm may be pressed into use. A tobacco barn may, De used tor curing but this house has no insulation against mid-winter cold and precau tions must be taken against ireezes. The old time earthen bank should not he used except for the home supply." For sweet potatoes to keep best, it is wise to harvest them before frost. When the vines arc killed by a light frost, usually the tubers arc not "injured. There is danger from cold injury,' however, when hc-avy fctc.. -,r-iii- A iiniato hurt hv cold 1IU31.1 .'V-'.. J . 1 ' : ... , 1 . 1 . 1 . will not Keep, even uuuer me -uesi of conditions. Then, .too, says Mr. Sehwiidt," a bruised' potato is hard, to keep, so ' k.'is necessary to use care in 'harvesting and to handle the roots as little as possible. The three important factors in keep ing stored potatoes are moisturV, tem perature and ventilation. When the crop is ireshly rmg, tne potatoes con tain excessive ; moisture..' . This mois ture !.-.ti':t be reduced and is accom plished by - the curing process. -The . appearance of sprouts is a good in utcation that the roots are well cured. Plenty of ventilation is - needed dur ing this process and when curing has been accomplished, ' the ' temperature of the house may budcredce dwcUr the house may be reduced to about ,vV degrees farenheit and kept at that mark as long as the potatoes are -ill-storage.; Since curing and storage needs t be done with extreme care, Mr. Schnidt advises sweet potato growers to get full information on the subject. YOUR LAWYER