THE NEWS RECORD, MARSHALL. N. C, JULY 12, 1934
News Review of Current
Events the World Over
"Second Revolution" Smashed by Hitler and Its Leaders
Put to Death Roosevelt Names Five
Boards and Sails Away.
By EDWARD W. PICKARD
) by Western Newspaper Union.
FOREWARNED of a radical plot
within tne National socialist pany
to bring about a second revolution In
Germanv. Chancellor Adolf Hitler
struck with swiftness
and ruthlessness that
completely smashed
the revolt on the eve
of the planned coup
d'etat and left the
malcontents, chiefly
members of the Storm
troopers, dazed and
terrified. The Chan
cellor himself exhibit
ed resolution and per
sonal bravery with
which the world had
not credited him.
Flying from Berlin to Munich In the
night, Hitler with only two bodyguards
went direct to the summer home of
Capt. Ernst Roehm, communder of the
brown shirts and long his personal
friend. Koehm and certain of his as
sociates were found In situations that
confirmed the often heard stories of
their moral perversion, and as Hitler
was certain also of their complicity In
the revolutionary plot, he personally
arrested Roehm, tore off his insignia
and offered him a chance to commit
suicide. This Roehm refused, so on
Hitler's order he was shot to death,
as were the others taken with him
Meanwhile, Gen. Hermann Wilhelm
Goering, premier of Prussia, directed
a series of raids throughout the coun
try that resulted In the deaths of nu
merous prominent members of the con
spiracy and the arrest of scores. Chief
among those shot down was Gen. Kurt
von Schleicher, Hitler's predecessor as
chancellor and reputed head of the
revolutionary plot. His wife stepped
In the way of the policemen's bullets
and also died. Well-known Storm
troop leaders in Munich and elsewhere
were put to death summarily, and so
was Heinrich Klausener. head of the
Catholic Action party.
Vice Chancellor Franz von F'apen,
who had recently attacked the radical
tendencies of the Nazis, was put under
heavy guard, and forbidden to leave
his home, and two of his adjutants
killed themselves.
Viktor Lutze was appointed to suc
ceed Roehm as chief of staff of all the
reichswehr units. In
cluding the Storm
troops among whom
the disaffection had
existed and the regu
lar army, which was
declared to be entire
ly loyal to Hitler.
President Von Hln
denburg all this time
was at his estate al
Neudeck, East Prus
sia, and there were
reports of his serious
Viktor Lutze
illness, which were flatly denied. Two
days after the chancellor's drastic ac
tion the aged president telegraphed
Hitler and Goering his approval of
their course, congratulated them on
their victory and thanked them In
the name of the nation. Undoubt
edly, Hitler's personal position was
strengthened for the time being, and
the leftist elements In the Nazi party
were weakened and divided. Goering
and Hitler professed pity for the "mis
led" Storm troopers, but the latter
are now out of their uniforms tem
porarily and may never be as Impor
tant as they have been In the past
They 'had become something like a
Pretoria n guard that threatened Hit
ler's supremacy.
In various European capitals there
were predictions of further outbreaks
In Germany and the return of the
Hohenzollerns.
Hitler's "violent" methods were crit
icized by Engelbert Dollfuss, Aus
tria's dictator, who said : "Does not
the light at last dawn upon us that
one cannot make a people happy with
violent methods?"
i-ans lnierpreiea tne airair as a
victory for conservatives and as open
ing the possibility for a return of the
Hohenzollerns. The violence, it was
claimed, revealed a breakdown In the
unity of the Hitler movement
In London tne view, was taken that
Hitler had solidified his position. Some
papers accused him of employing the
methods of gangsters and called the
slaying of storm-troop leaders "brutal
murders."
TWO events In recent days have em
phasised, the friendship that exists
between the United States and Can
ada. The first was the dedication of
' the new International bridge span
ning the St Lawrence between Roose-'
veltown, N. x and ComwelL Canada.
Secretary of -War Dern represented
President Roosevelt at the ceremony,
and the earl of Bess bo rough, governor
general, was there for the Dominion.
The second event, on July 4, - was
the return to the Canadian government
of the mace of the parliament of up
per Canada that was taken during the
War of . 1812, at the battle of York,
and had been la the Naval academy
at Annapolis ever since. On recom
mendation of .' President. Roosevelt1
congress authorized the restitution of
the mace. Bear AUmlraJ William D.
Leahy, chief of the bureau of naviga
tion, accompanied by his aid, Lieut
Chancellor
Hitler
k5
Com. Ernest H. von Helmburg, made
the presentation at Toronto and at
tended the unveiling of a monument
erected by the United States' Daugh
ters of 1812, to the memory of General
Pike and others of the United States'
forces killed during that war.
IGNORING the efforts of the federal
' government and the law officers of
the Middle West to catch him. John
Dllllnger, with four companions, staged
another murderous bank raid. This
time he hit In South Bend, Ind. He
killed one police officer, shot four oth
er persons and got away with $9,8!K)
from the Merchants National bank.
As the gang fled In an automobile
they were subjected to heavy fire by
the police and there Is good reason to
believe that Dllllnger himself was
wounded.
PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT departed
on his cruise to the Caribbean and
Hawaii aboard the Houston, accompa
nied by his two younger sons. Frank
lin, Jr., and John;
Rudolph Forster of
the White House sec
retarial staff; Com
mander Ross T. Mcln
tire, naval physician;
Otis Gennerlch, per
sonal bodyguard;
Richard Jervis, secret
service man, and
Pharmacist's Mate
George Fox. On ac
companying destroy
ers are two secret
Landu
service men and three representatives
of three big press associations.
Before sailing the President per
formed these seven important acts:
Approved the Frazier-Leinke farm
mortgage moratorium bill.
Approved the railroad unemploy-
ment and pension act Involving ad
ditional burdens of millions of dol
lars on the carriers.
Appointed Joseph Kennedy, wealthy
New York stock operator as chairman
of the new securities exchange com
mission for a five-year term, and
George C. Mathews, James M. Landis,
Robert E. Healy and Ferdinand Pecora
as members for terms ranging from
four years downward.
Named Eugene O. Sykes, Thad H.
Brown, Paul Walker, Norman Case,
Irvin Stuart, George Henry Payne and
Hampson Gary members of the new
communications commission for terms
j ranging from seven years downward.
Set up the new national labor re
lations board with Lloyd Garrison,
dean of the University of Wisconsin
law school, chairman, and Prof. Henry
Alvln Mills, head of the economics de
partment at the University of Chicago,
and Edward S. Smith of Massachu
setts, labor relations specialist, as the
other members.
Named James A. Moffett, former
vice president of the Standard Oil
Company of New Jersey and a mem
ber of the planning and co-ordinating
committee of the oil conservation
board, as administrator of the new
$1,000,000,000 housing program.
Appointed five members of a com
mission to study federal aviation and
air mall affairs and make recommend
ations to the next congress Clark
Howell, Atlanta, Ga., publisher; Je
rome Clarke Hunsaker, New York;
Edward P. Warner, Washington, D.
C. ; Franklin K. Lane, Jr., California,
and Albert J. Berres, California.
WINDING up Its fiscal year, the
federal government found that,
counting emergency expenses, It had
spent about $4,000,000,000 more than
It had collected. Balancing receipts
against ordinary expenditures, the
government figured It was $28,000,000
"In the black" for the year.
President Roosevelt has estimated
nearly $5,000,000,000 would be added
to the national debt by emergency ex
penses during the next 12 months.
This was predicated on recovery that
would make industrial production av
erage 98 per cent of the 1923-25 level
In Jnly, 1935, the President hopes
to start the payoff for the recovery
program. By that time, he baa said,
the budget should be balanced.
According to the federal reserve
board's Index, the Industrial produc
tion figure for the year Just . ended
was slightly above the 81 per cent av
erage on which the President based
his hopes. In Hay It rose to 87. Last
Julyjt went to 101 for a while, boosted
by speculative business activity.
MILWAUKEE'S street car strike
N came to an-end when the operat
ing company yielded to most of the
demands of the union workers and
peace terms were signed. The prop
erty damage sustained, by the 'com
pany, during the four . days of rioting
was estimated at $250,000. One man
was killed and dosena Injured.
MEXICO elected a new constitu
tional, president 3en Lazaxo
Cardenas and it was the quietest
election in the country's history. Car
denas, thlrty-nlne-year-old veteran of
tne wars, was backed by the powerful
National Revolutionary party - and
swamped his two opponents, : . . : i
J. M.
FINAL settlement of the questions
In dispute between the steel mas
ters and their workers Is expected and
the threatened strike probably will be
averted. The President, Invoking his
new emergency powers, named a
three-man board to arbitrate the in
dustry's troubles, and both sides In
dicated they would accept Its deci
sions. The members of the board are
Admiral Henry A. Wiley, James liol
lenbach of Chicago and Judge Walter
Stacy of the North Carolina Supreme
court The two latter have had long
experience as labor mediators. Under
the emergency law this group can or
der and police elections In all steel
plants to determine which union shall
represent the men In collective bar
gaining. The board can also hand
down decisions on all complaints
brought by either workers or employ
ers. President Roosevelt ordered the
board to report to him from time to
time through Secretary of Labor
Frances Perkins.
FEDE
of C
EDERAL JUDGE J. P. BARNES
Chicago gave one phase of the
New Deal a rap by granting an In
junction restraining the government
from enforcing the provisions of the
AAA milk licensing agreement against
the Independent milk dealers In the
Chicago area. In effect the Judge
ruled that the government, through the
AAA, has usurped powers which un
der the Constitution It had no author
ity to assume.
The AAA officials in Washington de
clared they would seek to have Judge
Barnes' ruling set aside. Jerome
Frank, general counsel for the AAA,
admitted that If the decision were up
held by higher courts, the fifty mar
keting agreements now In force under
the farm act and hundreds of the
codes under the NRA would be with
out constitutional sanction.
LJARRIMAN hosiery mills, the con-
oern that was deprived of Its
Blue Eagle last April, has been forced
to close down, and its GXi workers are
out of jobs. The little city of Harri
man. In Tennessee, depended largely
on the mills and the company had the
support of practically all the people
there In Its dispute with the NRA.
The officials of the company sent to
Administrator Johnson and to Presi
dent Roosevelt a vigorous protest,
asserting the concern had been un
justly and unfairly deprived of its
properly rights In the Blue Eagle.
"We would like to know," said the
letter, "if the Blue Eagle Is the prop
erty of the law-abiding citizens of the
United States or If It Is a plaything
to be held over the heads of honor
able and decent employers as a cudgel
to browbeat and bulldoze them Into
surrendering their constitutional rights
for the benefit of outside agitators
whose only purpose Is to exploit labor
for their own personal gain."
The dispute started last October,
when about 800 employees went on
strike with the claim that the com
pany would not reinstate twenty-three
workers who had Joined the United
Yorkers Textile union.
Fred Held, vice president of the
American Federation of Hosiery
Workers, went to Harrlman after the
mills closed, but was taken from the
train by a band of armed men, taken
some distance in an automobile and
released on promise not to return.
TITITH congress adjourned and the
VV President
preparing for
his
Le
Mr.
Hawaii cruise. Miss Margaret
Hand, confidential secretary to
Roosevelt decided to
take a vacation, so
she sailed for Europe.
Now comes from Paris
1
the nosltlve statement
that Miss Le Hand is
to be married to Wil
liam C. Bullitt, Amer
ican ambassador to
Russia, and that she
was making the final
arrangements In the
French capital. The
km
young lady would say Margaret
nothing in conflrma- La Hand
tlon or denial except to declare that
she was not going to Russia, but the
correspondents were sure the plans
were well advanced for what It had
been hoped would be a secret wed
ding. It war understood that Corne
lius Vanderbllt, Jr., a close friend of
the President, would act as best man
for Mr. Bullitt Mr. Vanderbllt Is In
the Riviera, and Miss Le Hand also
was booked to go there before return
ing to America late In July.
SOMETHING like a hundred thou
sand Americans and Canadians
gathered In Detroit for the good, will
celebration which was held on the
Ambassador bridge nnder, the aus
pices of the American Legion and
the Canadian Legion. The bridge,
which links Canada and the United
States across the Detroit river, was
turned Into , a huge playground and
customs and Immigration barriers were
lifted for the day.
GIVING up hope for a disarmament
pact at Geneva, the British gov
ernment has under way extensive
plans for strengthening Its air force
for defense of the country. This was
announced to parliament by Lord Lon
donderry, secretary for air. He
turned down a suggestion for an Im
perial air force for the defense of the
.empire, but said there would be close
cooperation with the air forces of the
dominions. .''.;;;,";
GOT. WILLIAM LANGER of North
Dakota, recently convicted of con
spiracy to defraud the federal govern
ment achieved a measure of vindica
tion by winning renominatioo In the
Republican l primaries. His A entire
slate, with, the- possible exception of
one man, was victorious. .
BRISBANE
THIS WEEK
Two Fine Grandmothers
Biting the Third Rail
Wedell, a Good Flyer
Fighting Language
President Roosevelt's mother had
tea with Queen Mary at Buckingham
palace, served In the queen's private
apartments, that few American women
have seen. Nobody knows what was
said by the two most estimable grand
mothers.
No doubt Mrs. Roosevelt told Queen
Mary a great aeai aooui me
wonderful son In the world," Franklin
Delano. Mrs. Roosevelt might have
said truly to the wife of the British
king and emperor, "My son has more
power, and uses more power, than
any ruler on earth, not excepting your
fine husband. King George.'
On the Far Rockaway branch of
the Long Island railroad, passengers
saw a small dog touch the highly
charged "third rail" and rise yelping
Into the air. Indignant, the dog
rushed back at the rail, biting It
More yelping. A third time the dog
returned to the attack. Even a third
Bhock did not kill, and he went else
where As the small dog treated the third
rail so "civilized" nations treat the
highly charged war danger. But, un
fortunately, they don't know enough
to stay away after three tries. Half
the nations In Europe, and some in
Asia, may be back biting that same
old third war rail In a short time.
The death of James Wedell, a flyer
who held the world's record for flying,
means a serious loss to this country.
When only a boy, Wedell bought an
old, broken-down plane sold as Junk,
repaired It, flew to army headquarters
seeking a chance to fight and fly In
France. Told "You can't possibly fly.
because you have only one eye," he
replied, "Why can't I? How do you
suppose I got here?"
He was an airplane designer of real
genius, a skillful builder, as well as
one of the greatest pilots In the world.
His land plane record was 30G miles
an hour, and when he died he was
working on a machine with which he
hoped to win the London-to-Melbourne
race next October.
Moscow newspapers accuse Japan of
arousing hatred against Russia, men
tioning an anti-Soviet film called "The
Supreme Will," displayed in Japanese
theaters. The picture shows Russian
airplanes attacking Tokyo, and men
tions the fact that 100,000 Japanese
killed in, the Russo-Japanese war
"have not been sufficiently avenged.
Tne important Russian newspaper
Pravda says: "Japanese Imperial
Ism does not hesitate to use dirty
methods to slander the Soviet Union."
That Is fighting language.
In New York, a chauffeur asked
his boss to find a Job for the chauf
feur's brother. A Job was found at
$25 a week driving a truck. The Job
less brother said Indignantly:
"What! Drive a truck for $25 a
week when I can get $15 a week from
the government for doing nothing?
No, thank you."
That can last a long time if the
government Is willing to print the
money. It may last not quite so long,
but several years. If the government
continues its present asinine course
of Inflating with bonds, doubling Its
debt by payment of Interest
If nudist foolishness last long
enough, and foolish nudists have money
enough, Mr. Maurice Allard, who has
made himself president of the "Na
ture's Recreative association," Intends
to. take a hundred and sixty nudists to
lovely Vanna Vanna Island In the South
seas. It will cost each nudist $1,000 to
go there, and, for the sake of peace,
they must all be married and take
their wives.
Being married and taking their wives
along under nudist conditions may not
mean absolute peace. That remains to
be seen.
..... At a recent sale of old colas, gome-,
body paid $100 for a "brass dollar.' of
the time of Franklin, that dollar hav
ing stamped on it the words, "Mind
your business."
If that dollar could make this conn
try take that advice. It would be cheap
at $100,000,000. Falling to mind our
business has cost the United States
many "tens of billions, and will cost
more In the future.
. In China, big country with the big
gest population, things are done In a
big way. In Fuklen province nine
young Chinese girls, from thirteen to
nineteen, an suffering from unrequited
love, tied themselves together, Jumped
Into the river; an were, drowned.
Under old Chinese customs some
of the nine might have been thrown
Into the river as babies as "surplus
girls
Catholics la Germany resent the gov
ernment's pretentions to rule la church
as wen ss wtalde. v
Chancellor Hitler la called by Ger
mans their Faehrer ("leader"). -
Bishop Nicholas Bares, addressing
75,000 German Catholics at an open-air
meeting, tens, them that Christ Is their
only Fuehrer: that they should be led
only by him. apt Bates to "the falter
ing - words of humae . beings." Tne
papal nuncio participated la the
BBonles.
National Topics Interpreted
by William Bructart
wnahina-toa. Armed with more
power
than any President or tne
United States, or the
One-Man head of any demo-
critic government
ever has had, Presl-
Ident Roosevelt has started what he
hopes wlU be the final drive for eco
nomic recovery. He has all of the
weapons in his own hands. There can
be no mistake that he is prepared to
use them.
When the second session of the Seventy-third
congress adjourned, the
work It had done together with the
enactments of the first session, com
pleted the transfer to the Chief Execu
tive of more authority than any con
gress ever before had delegated to the
bead of the government In fact a
survey of the acts seems to Indicate
that congress delegated to Mr. Roose
velt at least 50 per cent of the power
ordinarily reserved to the legislative
branch alone. Some of the grants were
of a temporary character, of course,
but nevertheless the President has
them and they cannot be taken away
until after the first of January, 1955,
Irrespective of their nature, unless exi
gencies should arise under which Mr.
Roosevelt will call the congress back
for an extraordinary session. Those
exigencies do not now appear on the
horizon.
The above paragraphs are a neces
sary prelude to the further statement
that for the coming six months, at
least, the country will have a distinc
tive one-man control. Ordinarily, we
are prone to consider this government
of ours In a little different manner
because. In a period when congress
Is In session, the restrictions which
Its enactments embody serve to cir
cumscribe the powers of the executive
branch of the government In the
forthcoming six months, however, the
executive branch may operate with all
of the freedom discretionary author
ity carries In the New Deal legisla
tion.
Because of the great speed which
characterized passage of the New
i Deal legislation for which the Presl-
; dent asked. Its full meaning was over
looked temporarily In many cases.
I Now that congress has gone, hower,
appraisals are possible In the light of
the relationship existing between vari
ous Items of the New Deal, and this
has occasioned more than the usual
amount of discussion in Washington.
One line of discussion frequently
beard Is that Mr. Roosevelt has placed
himself in a spot where he can claim
full persona credit for the success of
his program. By the same token, and
since success Is not yet assured, he Is on
the spot where he must accept full re
sponsibility for failure of any part of
the program to accomplish the job
which he has outlined. From what I
hear around Washington, there seems
no disposition anywhere to take away
any of the credit The politicians on
the President's side dare not seek any
of the credit, for their records show
them to have been wholly subservient
to his will. Antl-admlnlstratlon poli
ticians are continuing to play dead,
for their strategy is apparently one
of allowing the calf all of the rope.
If failure attends any units of the
program, they will make great capi
tal of It If success1 is complete, they
can do nothing about It anyway, thus
they are In a blind alley for the time
being.
This position, I am told, does not
mean that the Republicans and other
antl-admlnlstratlon groups will not
fight baek. I have explained In ear
lier letters that they are going to fo
ment trouble by attacks on various of
the policies to show vulnerable points.
As I said at the outset the story
of the Seventy-third congress Is the
story of the broad
Just a Loan est loan of power
t P.. ever given. It must
be - described as a
loan of power, because congress can
takeit back at any time by , muster
ing sufficient votes for repeal of the
laws It enacted. But It must be re
membered that, nnder the so-called
Norrls amendment to the federal Con
stitution, the recently adjourned ses
sion of congress was the last session.
In other words, when adjournment was
voted, it was sn adjournment sine die.
It was finished. It cannot be recon
vened without a call by the President
ul that, as I reported above, is hard
ly within the realm of possibilities. All
of which Is by way of saying that Mr.
Roosevelt will have the nse of these
loaned powers completely and unequiv
ocally certainly until next January. "
.It might be added that he will bars
most of them for much longer be
cause, although congress can exercise
Its right to take them back, recovery
of the grants of power Is not as easy
as It : may seem. For example, nor
mally, repeal of a law Is accomplished
by a 'majority veto la congress. But
one nrast stop to consider hers that
Mr. Roosevelt may not' want to give
up the authority vested In him. He
has the power to veto an act of con
gress. Then, to get those powers back
congress must override the veto. To
override a veto It Is necessary under
the terms of the Constitution that
two-thirds of each house shall have
voted to the affirmative. - .,.
' I am 'making no assertion that any
such attitude wlil be token by the
President None ran seeks It for none
knows what the President's attltuae
win be when the time comes for
decision on the point It Is worthy of
thought, In my opinion, however, that
here is a condition where the system
of checks and balances between the
legislative, Judicial and executive
branches of the government have
placed a powerful whip In the hands
of the Executive. Students of the Con
stitution tell me that It Is a very on
usual condition. Frankly, as I see the
situation at this time, It wlU take an
overturning of public sentiment equal
in magnitude to the landslide by
which Mr. Roosevelt was elected to
force a return of that power to con
gress were the President desirous of
retaining It
When' Mr. Roosevelt came into of
fice March 4, 1933, the congress, ac
cording to the Con
Legality stltution, held the
Questioned Pwert le7
collect taxes, to bor
row money, to regulate foreign and
domestic commerce, to coin money and
regulate its value and to govern Its
relation to foreign coin, to combat
counterfeiting, to set up Inferior
courts, to declare war and grant let
ters of marque and reprisal, to raise
and support the army and the navy
and control calls for the militia, to
define and punish piracy, guard the
copyright of creative work, and to
make all necessary laws for carrying
out these various powers.'
What has congress retained of these
vast powers, given It by the Constitu
tion because it represents the people?
There Is a divergence of opinion. Sure
ly, however, there has been delegated
to the President some of the most Im
portant of those powers, and some
authorities like Senator Borah of
Idaho, and some of the Democratic
conservatives claimed the delegation
has been Illegal. Whether that conten
tion Is true, of course, Is a matter
for the courts.
To examine just a few of the things
done by congress will Illustrate the
extent to which It went In granting
authority to the President Take the
laws creating the Agricultural Ad
justment administration and it will be
seen that the authority to levy and
collect taxes was granted and at the
same time a big handful of control
over Interstate and foreign commerce
was given to the Executive. Produc
tion control under the so-called Bank
head cotton control law Is Just that
An Important control over Interstate
and foreign commerce was given the
President also under the national re
covery act Genera Johnson, admin
istrator, exercises that authority,- of
course, but he does so under execu
tive direction.
While the power is circumscribed to
an extent, congress gave the President
authority to change the value of the
dollar. He cannot vary It greater than
between fifty and sixty cents, as we
used to measure cents, but the power
to coin money and regulate Its value
rests with Mr. Roosevelt to that ex
tent The Implications go much fur
ther. The treasury has an Immense
fund of gold which It can use In main
taining the relationship between our
dollar and foreign coins.
Under the present set-up, congress
gave away temporarily the right to
make laws, or a part
U. S. in Many of that authority. Id
j nearly an or ine acw
of the New Deal
congress, much discretionary power to
draft regulations and rules for admin
istration of the new laws was accord
ed the Executive. Antl-admlnlstratlon
leaders contend that in using this dis
cretionary power, the executive branch)
has put government Into countless
businesses. Through the Reconstruc
tion Finance corporation, for example.
the government owns or has influence
In through the medium of loans such
businesses as banking, dairying, cotton
and wheat and other grain stocks, in
the mortgage field, railroading and la
the various fields of. commerce and
Industry such as those touched by the
Tennessee Vafley experiment ''
In the charity field, the government
has gone a long way. It Is providing
work In numerous ways. Various ex-.
perlments are . being worked out with
those funds, voted by congress for dis
tribution nnder the President's direc
tion. Some of the money Is being used,
for example, for the building of whole
towns In conjunction with a government-owned
manufacturing plant
Through NRA, it is to be mentioned
also, the anti-trust laws were virtually.
If not wholly, suspended. The recov
ery act made the anti-trust laws-Inapplicable
where -corporations signed
the codes and complied with the bine
eagle requirements. Under that same- -set
of lews, too, the government vtr- -tually
became a partner In all bust-v
Besses, since ' It exercises - authority
over their' manufacturing practices
and policies as weU as their methods
of production and distribution, --
Finally, - It ought to be mentioned .
that no longer can an Individual sign
a contract by which he will agree to
make payment In gold. All such eon- "
tracts entered Into heretofore. If .they , "
are still n effect, mean nothing be- '5
cause they cannot he enforced as to '":
payment In gold. The treasury has
become the owner of an monetary , ,
gold within the confines of the United '
States.' . .',-'