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THE NEWS-fcECORD. MARSHALL. N. G. THURSDAY, APRIL 11, 1935
1 1 '"
CURRENT EVENTS
REVIEW
RUSSIA APPROVES THE SECURITY
PACT PLAN BUT POLAND
REMAINS ALOOF.
M. Litvinov
By EDWARD W. PICKARD
, Western Newspaper Union.
SOVIET Russia Is ready to line up
with Great Britain, France and
Italy In promoting the general Euro
pean security pact which is the basis
of England's plan for
peace. This was
brought out by tho
visit to .Moscow of
Capt. Anthony Eden.
British lord privy
seal, and his confer
ences with Dictator
Josef Stalin and Max
im Litvinov, Soviet
foreign commissar. Ac
cording to the joint
communique given the
press, these states
men "were of the opinion that In the
present international situation it Is
more than ever necessary to pursue the
endeavor to promote the building up of
a system of collective security In Eu
rope as contemplated In the Anglo
French communique of the third of
February, and in conformity with the
principles of the League of Nations."
It was made clear that Germany and
Poland would be welcome to enter the
arrangement, but that it would go
ahead even without them.
Captain Eden then went on to War
saw to talk things over with the Poles;
and even as he was departing from
Moscow the Soviet press launched an
other fierce attack on Germany.
Michael Tukhachevsky, vice commissar
for defense. In an article in the news
paper Pravda, declared Germany would
have an army of 849,000 by the sum
mer, exceeding the French army by
40 per cent and almost equaling the
Soviet army in size.
He charged Hitler with "lulling
France to sleep" with antl Soviet war
talk in the , hope France would not
realize her own peril.
Tukhachevsky's view that Germany
contemplates attacking Km nee was
supported by an authorized article In
the weekly Journal de Moscou which
asserted the leaders of the reich real
ized "the exceptional risk to which Ger
many would subject herself by invasion
of the tremendous territories of the U. S.
S. R. a country possessing powerful
armaments and unlimited opportunities
for improving and increasing these
armaments."
'It is almost probable," the Journal
said, "that under certain circumstances
Hitler will prefer other fields of ag
gression, and an Intensified revision
of the map of Europe will be started
not In the east but in the west,"
ters, the majority In the house refused
to accept the restrictions Injected In
the work relief bill and sent It back
to conference to have these removed.
The restrictions objectionable to the
administration were those requiring
senate confirmation of administrative
officers of the program and that In
loans and grants to states at least one
third of the money should be expended
for direct labor. The latter require
ment, according to Secretary Ickes and
others, would result In the exclusion
of rural electrification, slum clearance
and similar projects.
Defending the move to send the bill
back to conference, Buchanan of Geor
gia said: "The President Is assuming
responsibility. All we ask Is to give
him a bill that he can work on In shift
ing from dole to employment."
In replying to liiielmnan, Represent
ative Robert Bacon (Rep., N. Y.) con
tended that the labor provision was
needed in order to "kick out pet local
projects" and afford as much direct
relief of unemployment as possible.
"Congress ha reached a pretty low
ebb," declared Minority Leader Ber
trand Snell (Rep., N. Y.), "when it
can't even pass on a conference report
without receiving orders from the
Chief Executive."
STANLEY REED, the new solicitor
general, obtained from the Supreme
court permission to dismiss the govern
ment's appeal In the Belcher lumber
code case. Therefore there probably
will be no decision as to the constitu
tionality of the national industrial re
covery act by the chief tribunal before
congress takes action on the bill to ex
tend the recovery law.
Belcher was indicted for violating
the hour and wage provisions of the
lumber code but Judge W. I. Grubb
of the Federal District court In Bir
mingham held against the government.
The Indictment was dismissed. Grubb
ruled the NRA law unconstitutional.
The government appealed to the Su
preme court in an effort to expedite
the decision.
I THEN the Illinois lofclslarure. at
T the behest of Governor Horner
and the federal administration, passed
a state recovery act the New Dealers
hailed this as an example that all
states should follow. Now County
Judge Homer W. Hall at Blooralngton
has held that the act Is unconstitution
al. He also declared the national auto
mobile code inoperative as applied to
Illinois. .V -
Under the state recovery act, the
Judge remarked, an unlawful delega
tion of the authority of the state leg
islature has brought about a Situa
tion whereby violations of the state
act can be prosecuted by the state
only through the sanction and by the
authority of the federal director of
codes.
"Delegated authority may not be
redelegated," the Judge said. "Author
ity delegated by the people to the leg
islature permitting the making of laws
may not be redelegated by the legis
lature to communities, bureaus, code
authorities or executives, allowing
these agencies to make rules with the
effect of laws, the violation of which
makes the Individual amenable to the
criminal statutes."
CREATION of a new relief bureau
in New York was demanded by
Bernard S. Deutsch, president of the
board of aldermen, who asserted that
twenty millions of dollars a year in
relief funds has been wasted through
the Incompetency, red tape, bureauc
racy, and the domination by profes
sional social service workers of the
emergency relief bureau and the state
temporary emergency relief administration.
ELGIUM'S new deal program, de-
BEL(
riv
DOLAND appears to have decided to
play a lone hand in the European
embrogllo, though she remains friend
ly to Germany. It Is reported that
Captain Eden's visit to Warsaw was
as disappointing' as was that of Sir
John Simon to Berlin. The Polish
government Is determined to sign no
pact that would commit the nation
to fight for Russia against Germany or
for Germany against Russia and
France, nor will it permit either Ger
man or Russian troops to be trans
ported across Poland. The Polish
statesmen say they will sign a series
of bilateral pacts, and will go as far
as any other nation in parallel disar
mament. They assert that they have
no alliance with Germany, though their
mutual troubles have been settled for
the next ten years, and that the alli
ance with France still holds good.
r
r.
pROM Tokyo there came a state-
ment Indicating that Japan would
give at least moral support to the
European powers that are seeking
agreements to coun
teract Hitler's move
for the re-armament
of Germany. It was
given out by Eljl
Amau, the frequently
quoted spokesman for
the foreign office. He
said Japan will hold
aloof from the Euro
pean crisis and that
there would be no far
Aoetapn TjuiaoitA tsi
.Hoiw am uwaiuv av( fill .
but that "we cannot EIJI "a
think of any alliance with Germany."
Tokyo, asserted Amau, Is ready to dis
cuss with Russia some degree of de
militarization of the eastern frontiers.
NINETEEN cardinals met with
Pope Pins In a secret consis
tory, and to them he delivered an em
phatic denunciation of war, which, he
said, "would be so enormous a crime,
so foolish a manifestation of fury, we
believe it absolutely impossible." If,
however, there Is someone who wishes
to commit "this nefarious crime," then,
the holy father said, he could do noth
, Ins else than pray to God to "destroy
those people who desire war." At this
moment, be continued, the "clamor of
war la universally diffused- and the
cause of agitation to all and arouses
to everyone the greatest fear."
i The consistory approved the canon
1 lzatlon of Blessed Thomas afore. King
Henry TUTs . chancellor, and Bishop
, John Fisher of England, who lost their
heads for opposing Henry's marriage
to Anna Boleyn. : ;
OEETCNO, alleged directions from
the yacht oa which President
HooseTftt was fishing la Florida wa-
REPLACEMENT of the AAA's sys
tem of crop control is seen as a
future potentiality of a new organiza
tion established at the Department of
Agriculture under Rex
ford G. Tugwell. The
organization consoli
dates federal agencies
dealing with soil ero
sion, and Tugwell Is
expected to direct the
expenditure of about a
billion dollars In pub
lic works funds on the
public land program.
At present plans call
for retirement of mil
lions of acres of mar
ginal lands now contributing to sur
pluses, which experts contend will
prove a more effective way of dealing
with overproduction than AAA's policy
of taxing commodities for acreage
slashes. The latter is meeting in
creased opposition, due to rising living
costs and Increasing competition from
foreign powers. There will prob
ably be little Immediate change in crop
control plans, since the Tugwell pro
gram will require considerable time be
fore it can be operated effectively.
- AleWsMMmi
R. G. Tugwell
policies, was launched by the young
premier, Paul Van Zeeland, and he
was given an overwhelming vote of
confidence by the senate and chamber
of deputies. The effect of going off the
gold standard already is being felt,
for prices of food staples are going
up. The government warned traders
that any undue Increases In prices
would be punished severely. Premier
Van Zeeland said :
"I am a keen admirer of President
Roosevelt, who obtained essential re
sults mainly In allowing his country
to work In peace. He certainly com
mitted errors. Had he based his pro
gram of economic expansion upon gold
the world crisis would be ended now.
But I apply those Rooseveltian meas
ures to Belgium which I consider
good."
COR the second time the United
States Supreme court reversed the
convictions and death sentences of two
of the Scottsboro negroes who were ac
cused of assault on two white girls.
The court held that since negroes in
Alabama are not permitted to serve
on Juries, they are denied "equal pro
tection of the laws" in violation of the
Fourteenth amendment It declared
the state court erred in not quashing
the indictments.
This was a big victory for the col
ored race, but in another decision bji
the Supreme court the negroes were
the losers. The tribunal ruled that
the Democratic party In Texas Is a
voluntary association, not subject to
control by the state legislature, and as
such may exclude colored persons from
voting In Its primaries.
THROUGH the efforts of Donald
RIchberg, chairman of the NIRB,
an agreement was reached by the
bituminous coal operators and the
United Mine Workers, whereby the
prevailing coal code is extended to
June 16 and a threatened strike of
about half a million miners averted.
The present wages and hours of work
are continued. President Lewis of the
miners Insisted the union bad not
yielded to the operators; but the fact
remained that If It had not consented
to the agreement Mr. RIchberg could
and would have extended the code by
executive order. This would have
placed the union In the ondeslred po
sition of opposing and defying the ad
ministration, and would hare weakened
the effect of its advocacy of the Wag
ner labor disputes bill, the Black-Con-nery
bill and the Guffy bill which
would virtually convert the bituminous
coal Industry Into a public utility.
npOKRE were farther dust storms In
1 the already severely afflicted pla
teau district of southwest . Kansas,
southeast Colorado and parts of New
Mexico, Texas and Oklahoma. la west
ern Kansas the farmers began the con
struction f of earthen : breastworks
against the wind, and a federal appro
priation of $250,000,000 for this work
was received. - Fears that the dust
atoms would cane an epidemic of
pneumonia were allayed when It was
found that there were no germs of that
disease ea laboratory plates exposed
In the dust-filled atmosphere by avi
ator. '-, . ;
Tornadoes la Mississippi and Texas
resulted In the deaths of at least half
a dosen persons and the injury of
many others, ,
INVESTIGATION of the admlnistra-
tlon of the Virgin Islands by Gov.
Paul Pearson was ordered by the sen
ate, five of whose members will con
duct the inquiry. The sum of $12,000
was appropriated to cover their ex
penses. Pearson Is a holdover from
the Hoover administration and charges
against him were made by Paul Yates,
formerly his administrative assistant
D'
Chancellor
Hitler
IRECT negotiations with Italy
over the border dispute were
broken off by the Ethiopian government,
which sent a new note to the League
of Nations. Special measures were
taken to protect foreigners In Addis
Ababa. The Italian government did
not take this rupture seriously, still
hoping a peaceful arrangement might
be reached without the intervention
of the league. It was reported in Paris
that most of the Italian troops that
started for Eritrea and Italian Somali
land have been diverted to Rhodes
and Libya because of Germany's sud
den rearmament plan.
CK)REIGN SECRETARY SIMON re
" turned to England from his his
toric talks with Chancellor Hitler, and
reported to the cabinet that Germany
is seeking return of
the colonies she lost in
the war and a greatly
Increased navy. Be
said that Hitler ad
mits Germany's air
force equals that of
Britain, Prime Minis
ter MacDonald then
called on King George
to whom he gave a
preliminary report of
Simon's talks, which
Have been described
as "disappoint I n g . "
Hitler made a bold play for Anglo-German
understanding, declaring both na
tions should unite to defend western
civilisation against Communism and
the colored races. Briefly, his demands
were:
First Germany must have an army
with a minimum of 36 divisions 600,
000 men ai decreed. "
Second Germany wants parity In
the air with Britain. Hitler admitted
that Germany now possesses equality
with Britain. Hitler stressed the dan
ger to which Germany Is exposed la the
air. Be declared that Russia Is using
Czechoslovakia aa a European air base.
Be demanded return of certain Czecho
slovakia territory and repatriation of
3,500,000 German residents there.
Third Hitler wants a navy equal to
one-third of the British fleet, which fat
tantamount to 400,000 tons. The Brit
ish admiralty la opposed to such a ra
tio and Germany has been Invited to
bilateral naval discussions In London.
Fourth Germany wants return of
her former colonies. Little encourage
ment was given Hitler on this score.
Fifth Hitler refused to have any
thing to do with an eastern pact,
though he la willing to enter ponag
gression pacta with Germany's neigh
bors, as he did with Poland.
Sixth Hitler Is prepared to sign
pact of noninterference In the affairs
of Austria, but only if It means non
interference by all powers.
Points in Flat Silverware
Important Features to Keep in Mind Before Purchaser
Should Be Satisfied She Has Made Selection
That Will Give Best Results.
There are some points of interest
to the homemaker who Is selecting
flat silverware for her house. This
silverware may be sterling or plated.
The considerations hold true with
both. The design may be simple or
elaborate, whichever the person prr
fers. It is not with patterns that we
are concerned except when they af
feet the weight of pieces, or the ex
tra work necessitated to keep lntrl
cate designs clean.
Knives and forks should be select
ed in reference to each other in re
iHnn to their weight. A light fori;
and a heavy knife give the user an
unpleasant appreciation or me iul
of hnlnnce of the nieces. This doef
not always mean that either the knlf
or the fork Is too small or too largr
t ho used with the other. It is as
sumed that dinner sizes will be used
wother. If (he homemaker has more
than the medium size sets which can
be used for any regular meals.
A difference in weight may D-
caused by designs, as well as sizes.
Patterns which match in knives an('
forks are assumed to be of proper
weight to accord, but It is well, nev
ertheless, to balance one of each in
right and left hand when picking out
patterns. When they are not iden
tical in design this trial Is valuable.
It Is important to have the shanks
of forks and spoons wide and thick
enough to stand the strain of usage.
he shank Is the part of the spoon
which connects the bowl with the
lareer handle part, or the tined por
tion of a fork with the hundle. It is
made In one with the other parts, but
is, none the less, the shank. In a
knife the shank is expected to b
strong. In this era when forks arc
so commonly used to do the duty o
knives as well, the strain on thr
shanks Is great. I have known sev
eral Instances where the fork or r
spoon has snapped In two, much t
the discomfiture of the guest Thr
shape of the silver was partly 'a'
fault.
Forks should be well balanced li
themselves. It Is annoying to have r
fork turn tines up when they arr
wanted down to pierce a piece of
meat or some bit of food. Vet sucl
Instances are not rare. The balanc
of the fork Is so poorly adjusted lr
the making that it is difficult to kee
tine tips down. Avoid selecting such
forks.
. Bell Syndicate WNU Service.
Tax Paid in Art
While the treasury of Szekszard,
Hungary, will not show that Odon
Mlklosl, an Impoverished artist has
Increased the tax fund, the proof
that he paid may eventually be
found In the municipal offices. Mlk
losl owed a great deal for taxes and
arrears and had no cash with which
to pay. The council considered the
matter at length at their last meet
ing and at last a solution has been
found. The artist is to be requested
to paint the portraits of the mayor
and leading members of the council
and present the results Instead of
the money he owes. This was agreed
upon unanimously. The council fur
ther authorized the supply of all
necessary materials. Including paint
and canvas, to Mlklosl, all at the ex
pense of the city.
Illiteracy in India
India's population, equal to all of
Europe, exclusive of Russia, is still
00 per cent Illiterate.
Housewife' : Idea Box
An Ironing Help
Do you have difficulty In ironing
tiny garments on your regular iron
ing board? Did you ever stop to
think that the sleeve board would
be a great help to your The next
time you have any dresses or romp
ers to Iron, try using the sleeve
board and see how much trouble
it will save you.
THEi HOUSEWIFE.
Copyright by Publio Ledger, Ine.
WNU Service.
Man's Antiquity
Anthropologists from forty-two na
tions, meeting In London at the con
gress of Anthropological and Ethno
logical Sciences, have been told that
the period of man's habitation of the
earth Is much longer than previously
believed, extending perhaps, to some
16,000,000 years Into antiquity. Sir
Grafton Elliot Smith, British anthro
pologist, explained that diverse opin
ions still prevail regarding the ori
gin of civilization, "but we now have
evidence to show that, whether It
was Egypt, Sumeria, India or else
where, it was the work of the Medi
terranean race." This fact is not
necessarily indicative of superior
qualities of skill or Initiative on the
part of this race, be said, but is due
to 'historical circumstances" that
Impelled these people "to .embark on
those pursuits which led inevitably
to the upbuilding of civilization."
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