4 iT ' r - - . - - , agjggg! 1 MARSHALL MAN WRITES OF WORK 3:ffi!lSDdBteliN!MADlS0N: COUNTY MakufSwllSurvcy of Madison County Mri E. P." Goldston, who with as sistants, has. been located at Mar shall, fofaeveral months, was ask ed by the publisher of The News Record to give us an article about what he and his assistants are doing in the county. ' In response to that request, he has submitted two arti cles, e first" appears below and the second 'will follow. The Soil Survey, and Why This Work Is Be ing Done In the past three years the United Wtntoa vernment has. spent and is' still spending millions of dollars to control erosion on the farm land in the Enited States. This work is beinir approached by several different agencies, f Just why do we have to spend all this money, and why is it necessary Ho control erosion? T the United States as a result of artificial disturbance of the vegitative cover,, by removal of forest' growth, grasai Wubs and by breaking the ground? surface- by cultivation the tranipfaa livestock, etc., accentuate erosion to: ai degree far beyomfcthat tattn nlaee under the average-nat- umI: conditions; especially on those soils that are susceptiDie to ram wash. This speeding up of erosion varies greatly from place to place according to the character of the sou, climatic conditions, vegitative cover, degree of 'the slope, disturbance of the soil, and depletion of organic mat ter in the soil. Under normal con ditions rock decay keeps pace with soil removal in most places. However, under the' artificial conditions just . referred to, erosion exceeds the rate o of soil formation over -vast areas of -' cultivated lands and grazing lands, , often removing the soil down to the bed rock. t . ' ' The estimate of the quantity-of j)lant food elements annually lost by erosion in the United States is not lees than 129 billions pounds. This is more ' thai! ; twenty one times the 'annual loss, ?4ue to crops removed., The iplanta nutrients loss by erosion, congiderinc onl nitrogen, ohosphor- us and-potashr ' im,vtr-dkwv?1iiikm dollars. : Of thw amount there is ev idence to indicate that at least 200 million dollars can be charged up as a tangible yearly loss to the farm ers of the nation. We must remem ber too that rain wash removes not only the plant food elements, but the soil itself. The crops do not take away the 1 (but extract 'the olant food ele ments from it. This can be restored in the form of fertilizers, manures, and soil improving crops turned un der: but the soil washed out of the field cannot be restored, except by those exceedingly slow natural pro- HONOR ROLL - of -The News-Record Beginning witfi our issue of Oct ober 17, we are publishing belpw the names of people who subscribe or renew their subscriptions to The News-Record within the last week. By keeping your subscriptions paid up you will gyeatly help your local paper. Of course, thosa whose Sub scriptions are paid in advance are al ready on our honor roll. Odus Buiry, Marshall, N. C. Homer Bryan, Marsfjall, N. C. -r. Allen Robetts Marshall, N. C. r-1. B. J. Ledford, Marshall, N. C. r-1 George Ferguson, Brevard, N. C. L. Z. Eller, Mara H ll, N. C. D.-Suttle?. Joe, N. C. J. D. Wallin, Marshall, N. C. r-2 Roy F. Ebbs, Asheville, N. C. Mis. Bertha Adkins Una, S. C. W. M. Lawson, Paint' Rock, N. C. Charlie Moore, Hot Springs, N. C. Mrs, A. E. Davis, Marshall. N. C. Frank Reid, Marshall, N. C. A. W. Carter, Marshall, N. C. r-2 Btyant Wallin, Marshall N. C. r-2. -Henry C. Buckner, Marshall, N. C. r-1 John W. Rice, Marshall, N. C. -r. Mrs. J. Nievadzik, Aberdeen, Wash. J." J. Moore, Spring Creek, N. C. Mrs. Fannie Sams, Marshall, N. C. r-2 F. O. Rice, Marshall. N. C. r-3. L. E. Bakery Big Pine, N. C. Mrs. Dora E. Carver, Marshall, N. C. Miss Stella Carver, Marshall, N. C. G. W. Landers, Marshall, N. C. r-3. Shuford Smith, Marshall, N. C. r-3. L. E. Ponder. .Marshall, N. C, r-1 H. S. Davis, Soring Creek; N. C. Mrs. Hoyt W. Shore Salisbury, N. C. J. W. Faulkner, Marshall, N. C. -r Robert Tweed, Marshall, N. C r-2. J. P. Phillips, Mars Hill, N. C.r-1. John Rice, Marshall, N. C. -r . - W. W. Hensley, White Rock, C. Fred Kent, Marshall, N- ,C. -r. Mrs. W. A. Huff, Travelers Rest, S.C. Mra M. L. Bramlett, Greenville, S. C. Mrs. J. W. (Huff, Mars Hill, N. a ' Mrs. Kate Woodrow, Calumbia, S.C. Hannibal Clark, Mars Hill,; N.C. r-1. ' Mrs. Clay Messer,- Marshall. N. C M Oscar Davis Marshall, N, C. r-8. Floyd Chandler, Kine&on, N. Ci " cesses of soil building that, requires in many instances, centuries to de velop a very thin layer V Let me tell you here what a notea fireolocrist. nrofessor of geology at the University of Chicago, and autnor of textbooks which are still being used in many colleges in the United States, said Mr. T. C. Chamberlain. In an address before the conference of the Governois of the U. S. held at the WhitA House in 1908 he said. "We have as yet no accurate measure of the rate of soil formation, we merely know that it is very slow. . It varies obviously with the kind of rock. Some of our soils are derived from material already reduced to a finely pulverized condition, such are the lowland accumulations from high land wash, such also is the glacial drift, rock flour rasped from the face of the ledge by the glacial file, and ground up with old soils. On such a hnsia of half .DrePDared materials, soils may develop with relative rapidi- tv ; hut even on these, when the slope is considerable, wind, wash, and cropping removes the surface much too fast for stable fertility. With out pretentions of a close estimate, t should be unwilling to name a mean N'ate of soil formation greater than one foot in 10,000 years on the basis of observation since the glacial period I suspect that if we could positively determine the time taken in the for mation of the four feet of soil rraxt to the rock over our average domaiir where such- depths, exist it- wontd. be found above rather than below , 0OO- years.-" This mar be taken- as a warning from a geologist. We can readily see that it takes a long time for soil to form even if we leave the time limit where this noted geologist puts it, and, most soil men will put it far above that, especially in this section of granitic rock. Yet in the piedmont from New York into east central Alabama we have 15 to 20 millon acres of erosion exposed clays and clay loam in place of the original mellow, humus charged loams, sandy loams and clay loams when we took it over frpm Indians. This soil has been under cultivation for a very short period, but it will take Nature some ejft.pOO years to rebuild what we have ruined in about 160 years. It takes nature according to Mr. Chamberlain- 833 years to form .one inch of sou. Experiments- conducted in. North Carolina, bv the AgricuK tural Experiment Station,,' on . Cecil "aJeiaMfe0 .that Jt-itakei vniy a snori penoa oi lime 10 remove ia seven inches of Boil. On a nine per cent slope when the soil was. bare and uncropped it takes 47 years to remove the surface soil.. - It takes 73 years if corn is planted contin uously and 1750 years if the soil has a grass sod to remove seven inches or 250 years to remove one inch. It takes nature according to Mr. Cham berlain 833 years to foim one inch of soil. When corn is planted contin uously 1 inch will erode in 10 years. What a difference in 10 years and 833 years, one to lose the soil, the other to form it. At this rate I think that it is high time that some one should do some thing about this "Great Menence Of Erosion". And when one notices the number of gullies, amd the amount of eroded land in this county, and in all the other counties in North Caro lina, where the ground is rolling e nough for the water to run off, I think that we will all agree that if we do not want famine, and starva tion to face the people living in the United States in the next few gen eration?:., that something must be clone xbout the soil on American farms eroding into our livers and harbors where our governnlent has to r.pend larpe sums of money annual ly to keep these open for boats and lo keep the wate flowinjr into the; oceans, instead of backng un and I causing hutre damage to our lands, crops, homes, and towns bv floods. I Let us look for a moment at what I has actually happened to ?ome of the farm land in the United States. With- j :ti the past sixty to seventy-five years carelessness has permanently ruined 35,000,000 acres of what was once leofld farm land or good grazing land, this isrequal to 219,000 farms of 160 acres each. 125,000,000 acres of the 35Ci,000,000 acres now under cultiva tion is a liability rather than an asset, because due to erosion it is submar ginal land. On top of this another 100,000,000 acres is going the same route unless erosion is controlled on it. These are huge losses. The value of this land can hardly be estimated in dollars and cents, but the $5,000, 000 acres that the American farmers have ruined, and the 225,000,000 which they are now ruining, will be realized by the next two or three gen erations. , E. F. GOLDSTON Soil Surveyor for N. C. Agri cultural Experiment Station. Making loTsurVey S. " ..- i . , ison County. 4 Walnut High Defeats Hot Springs C. C. C. feated In a fast game Walnut High de-;the season against Asheville, School Hot Springs CV' C. C Mon ! in a thrilling vbttle 5-1 .marking, jtne o 41 flnnA Snorta-' debut of soccer into; tne calendar oi mmaaatft ovtuir wi ui"i ,tMubi..- . n - " tic rpughout the game. ; This J gainst: Clemson the Man -Hill team characteristic is being emphasied and'i ejtpected to give a much better ac- mapqhai i m c THURSDAY. JANUARY 16, 1936" practiced throughout the basketball season. iHendertton. wilh 14 points wias high scorer for the nite while Ramsey was second wn v poinm. bwu forwards on the Walnut team. 1 WALNUT NEWS,' We sure are glad tofhaye warm; er weather in our community. 1 1 M Minn Acmes Brigman was seen out shopping Thursday. .- t . .-; . Mrs. Lillie Leake and, Mrs. E. L. iKe ana jnia. ."jUj, v.. . Ad an I nemmous w .prewnv, sw Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Aliens',' inura-i r, We sure are proud to learn that Miss Inez Henderson will,;be! .home nnt week from John'Hookins hospi tal at Baltimore, Md. She'sure is , ..MiSnlftf "V missea greuuy u our cuiiiiui.j. j Mr. Roy Thomas near WahVut, whp was taken to a hospital in "Asheville, is imnrovincr very rapidlly. ; Mfaa ninm Rnldnmith nrt.' Mr.i CeV cil Blackwell, both of Barnard, "N C 1 were auietly married at Marshall, Jan. 4, 1936. Miss Clara Gold smith is the daughter of Mrs.. Rurri mie Goldsmith of Barnard, N. C. Mr. Cecil Blackwell is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Daird Blackwell, of Barnard, N. C. They will make their home at Barnard, N. C. or awhile. Mr. Aubrey Reeves, of Walnut, left last week for Detroit, Mich, to work. Mrs. Attie Payne of Barnard was on sick list Thursday. We hope her a, speedy recovery. Mrs. Harrison Lunsford near Wal nut who has been seriously ill, is im proving. Rev. James Hyde was seen in Ashe ville, Nv C Wednesday eve. Mr. and Mrs. Hampton Allen, of Walnut spent the week-end at Hope well with Mr. and Mrs. C. L. Plem mons. Mrs. Reba McDevitt and daughter, IMfes Betsie McDevitt, spent the weekend with Mr. and Mrs. Tom Mc Devitt of Walnut. Mrs. Beckie Cantrell who has beenkj w Preshvterian manse sick for sometime, is improving fast. Walnut Creek News Mr. and Mrs. Cobje Ball were vi siting Mr. and Mrsl Robert Blazer, Sunday. Mr. and Mrs. Frank W. Hunter spent Saturday night with her pa rents, Mr. and Mrs. E. D. Wallin. Miss Maude Sherman, of Candler, N'C was visiting friends and relav Uvea on Walnut Crefek'thte week-end. Miss Dune Faulkner was visiting her parents this week-end. Miss Stella Crough was visiting her grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. Joe Crough, Sunday. Mr. Hezikah Ball and Miss Susie Buckner were visiting Mr. and Mrs. Robert Blazer, Sunday. Miss Ella Ball was the dinner guest of Miss Katherine Reece, Sun day. Stockholders Meeting of The Citizens Bank The annual stockholders meeting of the Citizens Bank of Marshall and Hot Springs was held at the bank Tuesday, January 14. A large num ber of the stockholders were present, and .they were repoited to be highly pieasea witn tne nice increase in bus- iness, and the fine showing made dur - ing the year, which was the most successful in the history of the bank The officers are: Everett R. Tweed, President. J. Baiid McDevitt, Vice Pres. Arthur W. Whitehurst, Cashier. Miss Stella Carver, Asst. Cashier. L. Zack Eller, As?t. Cashier. (Mars Hill, N. C.) Wairen T.' Davis Cashier. (Hot Springs, N. C.) The board of directors is as follows: Roy L. Gudger, Chairman. Sherman A. Ramsey, of Walnut, N. C. Claude J. Wild, of Big Pine, N. C. John F. Ammons, of Mara Hill, N. C. J. Baird McDevitt Everett R. Tweed Mis. C. B. Mashburn Mrs. Annie M. White Arthur W. Whitehurst Dr. R. L. Moore, Mars Hill. N. C. Interesting Sports at Mars Hnll College This Week-End Sports fans of this section will be treated to a busy week-end of sports at Mars Hill this week-end. A soccer game on Friday afternoon and a basketball game on Saturday night are billed for this week-end. : The soccer team takes on Clemson college on Friday and the hasketeers en- mwunr oi mo season oeiween xne L. . .,- . The soccer game Friday afternoon will be only the second game of the season for the soccerites. Mars Hill was beaten in its only- other start of WILLING TO RUN AGAIN " ' r .( f ' (. n J 1 i i ,i CALVIN R. EDNEY ! ' f Mrhall, N. C. ,fkr Calvin R. Edney has made a iiWin atatement that he is willing to make another race for Congress pro vided he is nominated by his party. He' will probably make a statement in bur next week's paper. HOYT BLACKWELL TO CPFAK AT S. S. RALLY o tint Rlackwell will be the -,L f ?. S. Rally to C1UB1I1. 0cas.w sw ' ' - , be held with the Bethel Baptist church February 2nd at Z p. m. Key- Dw well's subject will be, "The Six-Point Record System as a Developer of Character". All points of the record system will be discussed by some of the Mars-Kill College students. The Walnut Creek quaitette has been in vited to sing at this gathering. FRED JERVIS, Supt. SCOUTS ENTERTAINED AT i MANSE ''Ten regular members of the Boy o .nJ nn visitor were:en- M,M . -venino. from 7 to 9 o'clock. After discussion of Scout work, games were played and refreshments e.r served. The bqys will meet for their regu lar meeting Friday, 7 p. m., in the hall above the Telephone Exchange. Bpjrs 12 years of age or older are eligible to join the Scouts. JjRAPEVINE NEWS llltoand Mrijrom Tweed, of Mars ereSttsittriBr Mr. and Mrs. Bart Cargle Sunday afternoon. Mr: James Davis and Miss Portia Coates were out motoring Sunday evening. Mr. Ken Hensley was the Sunday evening guest of Miss Lola Boone. Mrs. Margaret West who has been sick is improving at this time. Mr. Wayne Tweed called on Miss Geneva Cargle Sunday. Mr. J. W. Wyatt of Petersburg took dinner with Mr. and Mrs. Jeff Wvatt Sunday. Mr. Louis Clark went to Marshall Monday, on business. Annual Stockholders' Meeting of Bank of French Broad TV.o onnnnl mpet.iW of the Stock- i holders of The Bank of 1-rencn cioau held at the bank luesaay oi " l Week, was well attended. No change! waa made in the officers or directors. OFFICERS They are: G. L. McKinney, h-resiuoiR, Guy English, Vi- P esident: J. S. T?i.rv.n 'V, Pvp5iHentr C. K. KectOl, , - ' t -r r, . DIRECTORS J S Rrown. O. E. Rector, J. II .'c- Klioy, G. L. McKinney. R. S. Gibbs, II. E .Roberts. W. M . Roberts ' ' The Ca-'hie'r-s renort t the stock-; ' olders reflected a steady increase in; the growth of the business during the : Ivear'w'th a substantial increase in ! the volume of deposits Jhis .report also indicated satisfactory earnings, especially considering the low rates of interest attainable on high grade investments. A dividend of 6 per cent was declared payable to common stockholders. . f count of themselves. . Campbell college has not been met by a Mars Hill basketball team in re- cent seasons. This snouid aaa omy more color to the game which , al redv in hetnff looloed forward to with interest by all spoite lovers of this section. ' J The starting! lineup for the soc cer team will be composed of Frater, Cody, Ledbetter, Wagner, Bowman, Rrnck. Powell. MaV. PMSlar. PartiaM and Dann. - This same team started against Asheville school in the other game of the season and gave a good account or itseir: ?.-;. MmveU. and Parker, forwards will be-in the starting basketball lineup againat Campbell along with Cowan, center, and Kropff- and Hernandex, guards. . r . , . WHITE ROCK FARMERS SEND t, PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT TELEGRAltf Forty Six Attend Meet - " . ing, Jan. 11 and Dis cuss Farm Problems Fory-six farmerfc attended the meeting at White Rock Saturday, January 11, and were much concern ed about the action of the Supreme Court in declaring the Triple A, un constitutional. These farmers are anxious to have another meeting, Saturday, January 25th, to keep bet ter informed on what is taking place to help the farmer. A committee named sent the fol lowing telegram Saturday, January 11: To President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Washington, D. C. We. the farmers and tobacco pro ducers of the Laurel section of No. 2 Township, Madison County, North Carolina do hereby urge you and Mr. Wallace to speedily complete some new arrangement to continue the Crop Production Control as near as possible to the present system. Signed Committee: L. A. ZIMMERMAN SHAD FRANKLIN BIRCHARD SHELTON OTHER FARM NEWS BY THE FARM AGENTS FARM PLANS FOR 1936 Better Balance Emphasized With the beginning of a New Year and cold winter weather prevailing it is an excellent time to think about plans for the toming season. There is more time now for this part of farming before field work opens up. Besides it is good business to study out for the future what you want to do. Many good business men with much less capital invested than farm ers take inventory to find out about their business for the past year. Whether they made a profit or not, and how much. What is necessary to do in order to stop the leaks in the business. This method takes the guessing out pi f arming and pne Knows-wnerein tne. trouoie nea, The farmer who plans carefully may have to change his plans but hot as much as the fellow who goes about his farm work haphazardly. He will make some mistakes of judgment al- so but not as bad as the hit or miss ; farmer. Farming is becoming more and more a real scientific business and the more we use our heads the better off we will be in the end. Of course there is hard work to do with our hands but mjore skill is needed by most farmeis in better mauage ing of their year around business. Let me urge upon you farmers of Madison County the necessity for a better balanced program of farming in which food supplied for the fam ily, feed is grown for the poultry and , Iiveatock besides cash is made from ,, , ,, T, t,or u the the surplus sold. Then theie i the ever impo'.tant job of soil miprove- nient to keep proper balance between j . C1.(s livestock. The old re- ndcr don-t t all your cggs from ithe farm in one basket because you ;may fall down. . Diversity on your IVm to make income the yen- a- ; . j fal mjnc. nl0re. profit.-ble. Allow me io oner a lew mikp-m iuh5 along the lines just mentioned. Food for the Family The good farmer will be the last nerson in the world to starve. He iveg food n ' out of the soil. This system is more healthy, besides much more economi cal. It is thrifty to live at home on the farm. A farmer should be a good provider and very independent of others. He should not be depend ent upon any one for supplies of food. Remember what I said pre viously in regard to living af home. If you can buy something cheaper than you can (produce it, don't grow it. An example of this is sugar. We should live to the fullest from our year around gardens and truck patches. Farmers need not live out of paper bags bought from the mer chant if they plan carefully for the year. Feed fa the Livestock A farm should be self supporting and self susttimSnff. Tour farm should not be over stocked. It takes much feed fof stock and poultry dur ing, the winter months. vlMoes. not pay to keep any enterprise unless you can keep it properly. Never stunt your stock by starring. This la es pecially true with'regard to young PRICE $1.00 A YEAR . ir "" ni1m"K ,. " Imiiph and takes tun ret Innir to get the loss in weight back. Market your feed through yourf liveptock and poultry is a 'good slogan for ev ery farmer. Then the manure iar left for soil improvement. During the summer months there is abundance of good pasture bat feed crops of hay and grain should be planned for during winter. Pro duce your livestock cheaper by grow ing, most of your feed on the farm. Maintaining Soil Fertility A farmer should be ever mindful of this important step inf farming: Soil improvement should be upper most in the farmers mind. Save the manure use lime and grow legumes every year. Then, one has to fer tilize his crops commercially. Pre vent soil erosion by farming the hiH tops and meadows with pasture and timber on the hill sides. Pastures" must be built uP to provide abundant grass for the livestock. I Leavinc vour farm as productive as when yau started farming is a good sign of a Master Farmer. 4-H CLUB STARTED AT SPRING CREEK Last week in the high school build ing the first meeting, of the year was called. Fifty-five wide awake boy and girls of that high school area responded to (become members. There is much interest m 4-H Club work in this community. Several members in former years have won piizes. The club members will be organized with officers at the next, regular meeting. Plans are to organize a 4-H Club in all high schools of the county thia month. MADISON COUNTY CLUB POULTRY Poultry minded farmers and their wives are requested to meet at the mmrr HfHise thi twrtrav.'-January 18, at Z o'clock, 4 1 planned tm meet twice each month 'through March to complete this series of meetings. An interesting topic will be discussed. Bring your neighbor along. Presbyterian Church , Rev. Paul P. Thrower, Minister Phone 23 Sunday School 10:00 a. m. Mr. J. Coleman Ramsey, Supt. Morning Worship 11 a. as Subject: "Am I My Brother's Keeper?" Christian Endeavor 6:15 p. m. Evening Worship 7 d. na Subject: "The Name of the Lord" Prayer Service, Wed. 7:15 p. m. Everyone is most cordially invited to attend all of the above services. The last two prayer services have been held in the homes. These meet ings are charactei ized with singing; hymns. The place of next meeting will be announced from the pulpit. The sermon Sunday evening will be one of a series of the ten com :,.andmenls. This week the message will he on the third. VOia-Vlia IVJICCIS The Vota-Vita Sunday School class of the Marshall Baptist church held their January meet.ng at the home of Mrs.. George Meadows, with Mrs. Joe Eads as joint hostess. The president called the meeting to order for the regular business. Mrs. George Meadows was elected Assistant teacher. An inspiring New Year's message was given by Mrs. Annie May White. Following the business meeting an imterfetetiingi program was gifven by several members of the class. Delicious refreshments were serv ed to the following members: Mrs. H. B. Ditmore, Mrs. B. J. Morton, Mrs. O. C. Bryant, Mrs. Chas. Ree tor, Mrs. Howard Jervis, Mrs. Wea ver Pritchard, Mrs. Grbbs, Mrs. An nie May White, Mrs. D. O. Purkey, Mrs. Emmit Plemmons, Mrs. George Meadows and Mrs. A. L. Plemmons. visitor. Hostesses for the February meet ing will be Mrs. H.B.Ditmore and Mrs. Howard Jerri f v Basketball At Walnut ) : Friday PZi : -. , i. ' .Walnut High school will meet Mars Hill High school on the basket ball court Friday night, v The gam will be played at Walnut. Walnut will play Clairmont Saturday night. Everybody invited, ,Adm.:10ctr . - 1 " i . ! - I 1 t 1 i