Newspapers / The Waynesville Mountaineer (Waynesville, … / Dec. 16, 1937, edition 1 / Page 16
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r Page 8 THE WAYNESVILLE MOUNTAINEER THURSDAY, DECEMBER i6 Barometers Make Possible Accurate Forcasts Of Weather Conditions Every Person Has 35,000 Pounds Of Pressure On Their Body, Hall Explains By Harry M. Hall. In previous articles of this series we have spoken of atmospheric, or barometric pressures, their causes and their effect upon weather conditions. Reference has also been made to the mercurial barometer as the in instrument used to measure this weight of air in inches of pressure. We will now explain Hall more fully the place the barometer occupies in forecasting and recoi r.tg of weath cr conditions. A While all weather bureau stations and most ships at sea have the mer curial type of barometer as a stand ard by far the most generally used is the familiar round clock like instru ment known as the "Anernoid." The name itself is from the Greek, and H. M. ppliltij Effi JUL jmi$m Four out of five of the nation's leading airways are now officially Hamilton timed. That's one more proof of Hamilton's accep tance wherever there is need for accurate time. This year fly home with a Hamilton. Chandler & Co. C REDIT JEWELERS Phone 19 Main Street means "without fluid." The construc tion of the aneroid is rather compli cated, and in one that is worth hav ing, a marvel of percision, balance and adjustment, briefly its action is controlled by the pressure exerted by the atmosphere upon the upper surface of a vacuum chamber which is perfectly balanced between this pressure and a main spring. The ver tical action of the atmosphere is mul tiplied and transmitted to a hand which moves over a dial or face which is divided into inches and hun dreths of an inch to agree with the scale of the mercurial type of barom eter. We have seen that temperatures, winds and other influences constant ly keep our atmosphere in motion, which causes changes in air pressure ahead of, during, and after weather changes. These pressure changes are recorded by the barometer. A rise is the barometer shows that heavier air is drifting to a place recently occupied by light air. Heavy air is air that has been condensed by cold. A rise in the burometer means a cold wind. A falling barom eter shows that lighter pressures are moving towards the observer. These air movements and ine directions from which they come, the speed or slowness of their pressure cnanges as recorded by the barometer tell the weather man, or the sailor at sea, or even you and me, vvnat to expect in the way of weather lor many hours ahead. One reading of a barometer tell us little, but a series of observations tells us much, for it is the direction and the speed of the changes of pres ure and temperature that tells us ahead of time what to expect. That the story may be even more com plete and that it cover a wider terri tory the weather bureau in all its stations records the barometric pres sure constantly. These reports are augmented by radio recordings from ships at sea, from planes in the air and other co-operative sources. In order that these records may have an uniform basis, whether they are at sea level or the top of Mt. Mitch ell or Pikes Heak, all barometers are set to record pressure as at sea level. It must be understood that any increase of altitude causes a decrease in air pressure, because of the less ening of the weight of the air still remaining above the observer. For it is by its own weight above its va rious layers, all being attracted by the earth, that makes the low or surface layers support the entire weight of air above it. This pressure at sea level is about 14.7 pounds per square inch. There are about seven hundred and ninety quadrillion square inches of earth's surface, making the weight of the atmosphere the small matter of eleven and two-thirds quadrillion pound, the pressure on an average man, sixteen square feet of body sur face, is about 35,000 pounds. Were it not for the ease with which the air under pressure penetrates the the body a very slight change in its pressure would mean death. The fact that the rate of decrease in atmospheris pressure as altitude increases is known enables us to ad just the hand on our barometer to rep resent what our pressure is in equiv alent sea level figures. For instance, the writer's barometer may read 29.75 inches of pressure reduced to sea level, when the actual pressure here at Waynesville is 26.79 inches. A good barometer is so sensitive that it will record the fact of its being lifted from the floor to a table. There would be a mess of figures in the Washington office of the Weather Bureau if every barometric report received there about eight o'clock each morning told the actual pressure at points of observation. It would mean that each one would have to be re duced to a common base so that curves, or "isobars" as they are called, of equal pressures could be plotted. So for weather forecasting and for al most every other purpose, barometers are set to read as of sea level, as our watches are set to read as of time of the 75th, meridian of longi tude. It is from the position ol these curves of equal pressure, and the curves of "isotherns" of equal ten perature plotted oy tne weather fore caster, in conjunction with tne sta tion reports of wind direction and velocity, with sky conditions, and kind and amount of clouds, with rain or snow fall at each point of observation that the forecasts of weather condi tions are made. The movements of the regions of high or low pressures are recorded by the many obsei-vers, and reported and plotted each day the Washington Weather Bureau offi ce and form the basis of weather fore casts. Advance reports of coming storms at sea, of cyclones approaching our coasts, of cold waves and other seri ous weather conditions have reduced the hiss of life and property by 75 per cent. It is not uncommon for the weather bureau to send out a hundred thousand telegrams and mes sages within two hours to every part of the country in time for those in terested to take advantage of the Information thus made available. We can appreciate the work done by the forecasters when we know that they compile this data from all over the country, reduce it to curves on their maps, and within thirty minutes in the morning and forty minutes at night their analysis is made and their forecast is broadcast to the public. JjqL TyOVtB do appreciate extra-mild -extra rfine-tasting tobaccos. And to millions kJ. on millions of smokers that means Cumtl ISs ,4 cigarettes. Camels are a matchless blend of LjT fTT ; finer, MORE EXPENSIVE TOBACCOS- Turkish and Domestic. 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The Waynesville Mountaineer (Waynesville, N.C.)
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Dec. 16, 1937, edition 1
16
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