THURSDAY, JANUARY 27 Page 8 193 THE WAYNES V I LLE MOUNTAINEER h li Kl St U in K C ai Modern Battleships Can Stand Heavy Bombing Without Sinking Jnside Of Battleship Is Mass Of Stel, Carefully Fabricated To Perfect Balance in a T ill' li Editor's note This is the second of a series of articles written on ship building by Harry H. Hall, a former shipbuilder. Before going further into the 'de scription of the building of a ship, let us endeavor to get. a little concep tion of what a ship is, what she looks like in side the steel walls of her outer shell, or hull. As we mentioned last week, there are two dis tinct general types of ships: those designed I.W and constructed for H. M. Hall naval service, and those for commercial purpos es, and for pleasure craft. At the top of the first classification is the battle ship, at the top of the other are the much larger merchant passenger ships of the Queen Mary and Normandie type, ship about one thousand feet long and more than 83,000 registered tons. Kight here let us explain this ques tion of ship's tonnage as we shall have to speak of it many times in these articles, and it is rather a confusing subject, akin to speaking of miles and kilometers as a measure of distance. Naval ships are spoken of as being f so many tons "displacement." This signifies just what the word means, i. e., the nnmber of tons of water dis placed by the weight of the ship whin immersed to her normal depth. In the case of the battleship this is only changed by the amount of coal, oil fuel, ammunition, or other supplies used, or renewed. In the case of the merchant ship her displacement eruals. the weight of the ship when fight, or unloaded; and it equals this weight of the ship plus the weight of the cargo, when leaded. Under all circumstances the weight of the ship equals the weight of the water dis placed, so long as the ship floats. When the weight of the ship is great er than this weight of displaced water the insurance companies are notified, because she has gone to the bottom. A vessel is held balanced between two forces that of her weight, which is the downward force tending to sink it, und that of the upward pressure of the water, which exerted against her bulk tends to force nor out oi the water. Merchant ships are usually spoken f in terms of net or gross tonnage, tiross tonnage is the entire interior capacity of the ship measure in terms of a ton per 100 cubic feet. Net ton- age is this gross tonnage less the space used for engines ami boilers and the nas It for tne Ring t " 1 s offices and crew, gear and stores ther space which is utilized by ship. It represents wnat the shir to sell for cargo and passengers forms the basis for all charters the carrying or treight. 1: is space which constitutes" hei ea in capacity. Another name, tor space is ' lu g'.su-i'ed Tonnage. As we s.iui above, the battle heads one class. of ships and the thi ami foot .passenger ship heads the i or. As thee two uescenii tne seal, ach classification t'r.ey'- 'ainvt- re a n'r.-T- !". pom'.. Vrvie the n chant mp more r.eanv carrits nor I 1 general type of construction all the way through, the naval ship changes materially. She begins to loose weight, strength of construction, and offensive and protective ability as she passes down through the classes of heavy and light cruisers, known as battle and scout cruisers, gun bouts, destroyers, etc. They, however, usu ally increase in speed, and cruising radius as they get lighter. As they go down through fled auxiliary Classes their construction becomes practically the same as that of a merchant ship. Picture the battleship "Maryland" if you can. 1 can, for I helped build her. She is a mass of steel displacing 37,500 tons of water. She is VZi feet long, 'J7 feet 32 inch extreme breadth, sinks below the surface of the water 30 feet 6 inches. The power plant in her engine rooms drives this mass through the water at a speed of 21.07 miles, about 24.25 land miles, per hour. She carries eight 16 inch guns, tiring a broadside weighing 16,800 pounds, and a secondary battery of twelve 5-inch guns delivering a weight of steel of 756 pounds, a com bined weight of projectiles of about eight and three-quarter tons. These shells hurtle through the air at a speed of mrre than two thousaud feet per second and hitting, with the large ones, a target twenty miles away, a target unseen, but struck by mathe matical calculation and precision on reports from the tiny plane high in the air "spotting" for the fire control officers in a room deep in the interior of the ship. In order to construct a ship that can either withstand the force of the recoil from these guns, or to resist the blow delivered by them, the vessel must be built with strength to the extreme range of human ability. A graphic illustration as to how far guns have gonc since the days when "Old Ironsides" got the best of tht "Guenerie," on the HHh of August, 1812, to the modern "Maryland" is shown between the weight of the "Constitution's" broadside of 084 pounds, against 'that of the "Mary- l.,r,,l" I.. ..,.' l Oil VI ' . i I ,tn' jiVUllU."., Ill jU;H .Ul II a pri'poi tion has stivngth and situ j increased. . Koughly speaking the armored pari' of a modern battleship resembles an. oblong box. I'nl.ke the lighter, .pro-. i. tectjon of the remaining pails, this heavy armored "box" exu-nds from a transverse bulkhead well forward, con- j netted by .two 'longitudinal'" belts along e a c h s i 1 1 e . v i t h a i i k e t r a n s v e r s e b u 1 k -! head well aft. Inside of this armored j section are placed the vital elements Of the ship, her power plant, her mag azines and tire control systems, etc. On top of this belt of encompassing armor are decks of heavy nroiectile resisting steel; below are decks of i steel and a heavy double-bottom, t Across the entire ship from bow to ! stern extending from the bottom to well above the water line, are manv ; water tight bulkheads, while others j break up these sections fore and aft. ' 1 he doors of all these can be closed instantly, and at one time, by pusning a but tin. or throwing a switch on the hriU.-e. thus localising any water that . mav come m through a hole in the. ! snie. to a vcr.Y small sietiun ' A 12-Ounce Baby Grows Up " ;! Jacqueline Jean Benso-. tf F7 - . Human Boiws in Tree s. Mi I I I tor $r Two years ago this little girl weighed 12 ounces at birth and was -known as the "world's tiniest baby". Now Jacqueline Jean Benson, of Chicago, weighs 2i pounds and is as strong and healthy as any. girl of her age. One Bid WASHINGTON. 1' a n- American Airways submitted the only bid for airmail service irom Baltimore to Hamilton, Bermuda to' 'the Postoffice Department recently. Its bid was tvOuOOl per pound for a specific load up to 800 pounds per trip and a rate of 5.000005 per pound for loads more than 800 pound. Under such a bid, if the Airways handle 100,000 pounds of mail per year, the revenue will' be only Ji. ' $30,000 For Smile Bombs to Germany PHILADELPHIA.--A cargo of aer ial bombs, the first of an order which will total 2,500 tons, was loaded aboard the German steamship Crefeld, for shipment to Germany for reship ment, the final destination unnamed. Former Kaiser of Germany still in exile at Dorn, but his lot is much more comfortable than that of many who were ruined in health and body because of his attempt to conquer the world. LONDON. When a man sawed through an old tree, which had fall en through old age, he found the skeletons of four human beings. Ap parently, the bones had been placed within a cavity scooped out of the tree between sixty and one hundred years ago, and the panel, used to close the cavity, had become complete ly regrafted on the trunk. XT T! TT a iu Diru nuniing Will Be Allowed On Sundays In N,C According to G. C. Plott i n pa oiiu c tri.t.iai taint' nriiT,.,-.. a recent meeting of the State Bo'-' wi wiimnuwuii aiiu UtV( nr.. Prepare for Flood KNOXV1LLE, Tenn. In order to provide reservoir capacity to control spring floods in the Tennessee Valley, the TVA has begun to lower the giant lake behind its $36,000,000 Norris Dam on the Clinch river. Excess rainfall is stored in the dam basin and gradually released, preventing the usual flood damage. held in Raleigh, it was voted 10 Pf. hi hit the hunting or tatm,. W , Carolina. This regulation will become t tive on Sunday, February ;he 6'i Violation of this board reguia will be considered a misdemeanors- ouuuaj iiuiii-inn; nil uv SlTlttiy gg, lawed in the state. "Biscuits to be made ot en,,.'., Headline. Now, there's a biscuit ttJ snouiu realty ucsie tne paint. eliver iwi ii i r i we UalandU Rapid Service... OUR CUSTOM We invite you to join the scores of people in this com. munity who are already enjoying the best laundry service any town could have. You'll agree that our work IS near perfect as its humanly possible to do, and our service is Quick. Phone 205 SEND US YOUR LAUNDRY AND DRY CLEANING Waynesville Laundry, Inc. J. W. K1LLI AN BOYD AVENUE Phone 205 WICHITA, Kan Charging that because of injuries 'received in an auto mobile accident, her 3-year-old daugh ter, Charlotte, "never will be able i to smile again." Mrs. E. M. Shafer ' asked ..530,000 damages from. C. C. , Hilhgoss. whose car was involvd in, the accident. 1 Carol. King of Rumania: "It is my government. The day I am not satisfied with its conduct, I will require a change. ' hull. Tr earne '.tie- : tlie eit.- u-w feet oe ;w feet above. in- 1 ' "s" Jim "The best I can figure out, we farmers are in for a good year." Tom "That is .right. But we will have to watch every corner on expenses." Jim "I practiced that last-, year,, and found the very place, I go to Junaluska Supply. There ain't many things they don't carry." Tom "I figured you were saving money somewhere." Jim "I -can 'get -everything:-there; and get it cheap er. They are out of the high rent district, and that means they can sell for lots less." TorrWThanks for the advice. I'll go there this year and put the difference in the bank to apply on my farm payments." Junaluska Supply Co. JERRY LINER. Owner Phone 263-J Lake Junahiska was to Use plates ot great thickness, weighing aiiv.est :i:ty t,n:' eaen. More nlotiern nietnods follow -the . 'aw that it is haidei . to penetrate three nteccs ot n-.etat. :iy ot t-mch. o-men and . Irincn thicKiiess each, placed a lutie d. stance apart, tnan it is to pierce one piece of 10-inch steel. 1 his is because tne projectile has on three separate times to overcome the initial spring and resistance .offered by the sheets of metal, and the force of tne blow is greatiy reduced. Be cause of tins tact tr.e newer sn:ps -have a much '.'--lighter outride armor belt, inside of which are two or three parallel belts much lighter still, sep arated from each other by considera ble space, and kept apart by heavy frames and cofferdam bulkheads, each section made watertight from the others. These spaces are utilized for storage- I n:s system is more defen sive, and has reduced to weight so tnat heavier protective uec as to guard against air attack can be used, and heavier guns up to l5-inch can be car ried without increasing tr.e sh.p s displacement. Above the upper protective de-ck rise the turrets ol heaves: armor steel, inside of which are placed the guns of the main battery, two or three to the turret. These turrets are double decked, one forward and the other aft, and extend below the water line in part, so as to afford protection to the ammunition hoists, to power lines and tire control communication sys tems. These turrets revolve so as to allow the guns to be trained from a point or so foward or abait the beam on each side and around the horizontal arc forward or aft of tr.e these two broadside points. The vertical move ments, of the guns are obtained by raising or lowering tnetr own muzzles. These two movements are so finely adjusted and poised that they are ac complished to a fraction of an inch. smoothly, without sound, with speed, and the power to do this is under such control that a man can move all these hundreds of tons of steel by the turn ing of a small brass wheel for turret control, and another for gun control. The parts of the hull outside of this armored section are more lightly pro tected and give form to the ship and accommodation for le vital parts of her equipment, yet strong enough through their connection with keel plates, and bulkheads and decks to make the whole structure of the bat- tleship the most powerful one in the1 world of man's achievement. I ta-J IfcAvVvV --e- - ' ..--.' Will Your Name Be In This Waynesville, N. C. District Credit Book? How Will Yon Be RATED? If you owe any past due accounts- pay them; do it now, so you will be el rated. This company keeps the merchants and professional men informed at all times as to just how you pay your bills. This system is built on constructive lines. It makes the poor, but honest man's credit as good as that of the rich. It also prevents the man who does not pay his bills from getting; credit If you have a good credit record, your trade is valuable and any merchant or professional man is glad to accommodate you. Credit Is A Matter of Trust, Your Honor Is Involved It is granted you on a promise to pay, and you cannot afford to break that promise. The merchant can better afford to lose the bill than you can afford not to pay. So don't blame the merchant if you are refused credit. Delinquents affected will receive a special letter with the Merchants Mercantile Agency heading, and a picture of the Credit Guide on the nppr left hand corner telling just what is expected of them. This Credit Guide and system is being organized by The Merchants Mercantile Agency 410 Bond Building Washington, D. C, Since 1889