THURSDAY, MARCH
THE WAYNES VIIXB MOUNTAINEER
Page 8
Months Of Work Required To
Complete Ships Alter Launched
Thousands Of Pieces Of Equip
ment Added To Ships
At Docks
H. M. Hall
The time required for the comple
tion of a ship's contraction after
launching depends greatly upon the
type of vessel being
built. The average car
go and tank ship reach
es a .much higher per
centage ,of tompletion
while on the ways than
either the passenger or
naval type of ship, eith
er of the latter may
require from two or
three months to a year
or more before she is ready for her
trial trips and final delivery.
The cargo ship of the type we have
described, during the period op to
launching, requires the installation
of the remainder of her main power
plant and auxiliary machinery; the
tcining up and dock trials of this
tuning up and dock trials of this
work on the deck houses, decks, etc.;
the placing in position of anchors,
chains, life boats and the many other
necessary parts in every section of
the ship. Equipment and supplies for
the deck, engineer's and steward's de
partments are sent aboard. When
the vessel is finally turned over to
her owners she is complete n every
detail of construction and equipment,
ready to be placed in active service as
soon as her crew is signed on.
When the greater part of this work
is complete, and after her engines have
been running for many hours at slow
speed while the ship is still fast to the
docks, she is put into dry dock for
painting below the water line, and
any other work on this part of the
hull which may be required.
It may be of interest here to tell
a little about dry docks. They are
excavated at the shore line to a depth
below the water line which will al
low the ship to float well above the
bottom. These docks extend into the
land to a distance of a few hundred to
over a thousand feet and up to a
hundred or more feet wide. They
are heavily reinforced at the bottom,
usually with piles driven as close to
gether as possible, and the remaining
space packed with rock and concrete
with a smooth floor of concrete over
all. The sides increase in width in
steps to the top, all of heavy concrete.
The gate is a tank type of construc
tion, which when lowered into place
wedges itself into water tight grooves
at bottom and sides. This tank is
filled with water to lower into a closed
position, and pumped out to allow it
to open by its own buoyancy.
When it is desired to place a ship
in dry dock, valves are opened through
the gate and at the bottom of the
dock, and water flows in until it is
filled to the same level as the water
outside. Prior to this filling blocks
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Waynesville Laundry, Inc.
J. W. KILXIAN
BOYD AVENUE
Phone 205
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Buttermilk
Ice Cream
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PIIONE 10
Seek Boy Held for $60,000
Peter Levtne V. l
, " 1 .
j Murray Levtne '
Pleading by radio, Murray Le
vine. New York lawyer, urged the
return of his son. Peter. 12, ab
ducted from his New Rochelle
home and held for (60.000 ransom.
are placed along the bottom of the
dock to fit the ships keel and hull so
she will rest upon them comfortably.
When the dock is filled the gate is
pumped out and allowed to lift free
of its grooved connection to the dock
itself. It is hauled to one side, and
the ship is floated into an exact posi
tion over the blocks at the bottom of
the dock. The gate is floated back into
its place and filled with water, sink
ing by its own weight to a locked
position. Powerful pumps, discharg
ing thousands of gallons of water
a minute, now take up the work of
draining the dock dry. As the water
level lowers the ship is kept in exact
position by lines leading ashore.
As soon as she rests upon the keel
blocks gangs of men brace her from
the sides of the dock with heavy
timbers. Other braces and shores are
added as the water goes down, leav
ing the ship at last in much the same
position she occupied upon the build
ing ways. :
When the work upon the hull is
completed water is allowed to again
fill the dock; the gate is pumped out
and floated aside, and the ship haul
ed out through the open gateway.
Shortly after this final drydocking the
new ship with a ship yard crew, a
force of inspectors from the yard, and
those representing the owners and in
surance companies, take the vessel
out on her trial trip. She is driven
at full speed over a measured course
to determine if she meets the speed
requirements. She is tested for
turning radius, and for the proper
functioning of all of her machinery.
A compass adjuster is aboard and he
compensates her compass for the
local attractions in the ship, furn
ishing a deviation curve for each com
pass, for every point. The ship ia
Usually kept out for two or three
days, and if she meets all of the con
tract requirements she is turned over
to her owners and joins the merchant
fleets of the world.
The after-launching work upon the
large passenger ships requires much
more time to complete because of the
great number of state rooms and oth
er rooms required for the passenger's
pleasure and accommodation. There
is much fine woodwork, carving, pol
ishing, etc., to do; so many things
that make of the ship a floating hotel
with every conceivable refinement for
the comfort and pleasure of the trav
eling public.
The work upon naval ships, es
pecially battleships, and other large
types, require much more time. Be
cause of the enormous weight of the
hull itself much of the superstruc
tures, etc., is not added before launch-
ing. These parts are many of them
too heavy to be handled by the cranes
used over the shipways. At the
fitting out dock the turrets are in
stalled, each weighing many hun
dreds of tons. The 16 inch guns of
uie main battery are placed in the
turrets. The guns, usually 6 inch,
of the secondary battery are placed in
position, ihe conning tower of
heavy armor steel, from which point
the commander controls every func
tion , or his ship during battles, is
placed in its position. Turbines, een
erators, boilers, and many auxiliary
engines are added where they are to
do their work Literally thousands
or individual jobs are worked upon
ana completed before the intricate
Strength During
MIDDLE LIFE
Strength is extra-important for
women going through the change of
life. Then the body needs the very
best nourishment to fortify it against
the changes that are taking place.
In such cases, Cardul has proved
helpful to many women. It In
creases the appetite and aids dlges
1 tion, favoring more complete trans
formation of food Into living tissue,
resulting In improved nutrition and
building up and strengthening of
the whole system.
construction of these battle-wagons
are completed.
These ships go through the same
dry docking experience as do other
ships, and when she is at last ready
for her trial trip, she goes out to
sea with a good sized crew and a
swarm of inspectors and highly train
ed men, each an expert in his own
special branch of naval ship-building.
The ship remains out for several
days, and every part of her is tested
and tried to the fullest possible de
gree. Nothing must be left to chance.
She must be perfect according to her
specifications in every way. When
these trials are completed she re
turns to the yard where the finishing
touches are added. Her crew of naval
officers and men come aboard, and
the ship is placed in commission.
All through the construction pe
riod of all ships the system of in
spection is very rigid and complete,
a constant supervision of every de
tail, and this is as it should be, for
when the ship is at sea some little
error may mean disaster. I was a
part of the crew who took over a
new ship built in a certain yard many
years ago. She was a combination
frieght and passenger steamer; twin
screw crew, flat bottomed in order to
pass over the bar into Lake Maracaibo,
Venezuela. She was spick and span
in every way and had had her trial
trip, but in smooth water. We got
outside about sunset and ran head
on into a 'roaring North Atlantic
winter gale. And of all the twisting
and turning, rolling and pitching that
ship went into! She would worry
herself up one side of a wave, and
h.. nthpr side to be met by I work was accomplished, i
thp nt before she could lift her such things could get by th. J?
nose out of it She wouia noi bic . uiouun system,
to save her; would box the compass Our ship has been comply
Wlin a uiu u uci " ........... u new cvnc
. , i oVj tko ntVipr wav. 1
turn lose, uuu oiwv, v.- - s-'c e -- iura 01 .uj ,
In one, of her crazy rolls we on the'ghip is navigated, with h'wcfuT
bridge heard a couple of crashes freight and passengers, f
forward, and when tne nooa nguis port, 1 snau try to give a
were turned on tne lurwuiu -" acvuuui. ui tne work of h
Pott
r-nii ii cfn nn ur Liuiiv bvua mill new uurmv n va'.i,. e
. -"O ' JKt' IT-f.T
i ll- A m'xvxr 1111 Wltn Vrtwb- C-v.,4-1. A
ICQ SKiuumg aiuuuu, t 1 ivin. j wuum iniencu.
sides ox Deei, i follow in a lutur.
Vi ICGIIi, ,.f Til
all our Diovisiona;
Jressed chickens, onions, carrots, taineer.
turnips, potatoes, pigs and lamb, all .
in a mess logeiner, wasumg , Tne dean of
Get-1 r ; zc: ir. u j son! t
; v. i- m
in me : , - gBuiiB a tiiarge maae by
minute or so. what a nigni.: cfirls that the men wh 1;.. j" .
under control, and ; u
night!
tine all that mess under control, nu r&ternitv housp nY, t,
stowed away was something to re-, iower their shades.
member for always, now we cusseo The dean lo)ked
frHo man Mjnn npK rnni a blcu iiik .1 i i -
'""" r"". . .r wmuuw niiu saia, "Whv 1
. 1 l ft .l.M.I, nn. gmfl ,. . ' ' tt
noies in me rau twuviuvug house windows."
to allow it to turn freely when
the ship worked in a seaway, clamp
ing down on the shafting as in a
vise. And we heartily longed to have
the man who planned those light
ice house bulkheads down there with
us trying to capture those slippery,
sliding cakes of ice, and salvage as
much as possible of our fresh provi
sions. Much of it went overboard,
and we were an exhausted, bruised
and battered outfit before that night's
' house windows.'
! "Uh, yes you can!" chorused
girls. "All you have to do h t
ft w
up on a cnair.
It Is Dangerous
ror ooo just 10 make tftroe or fom
mnn) riutnmopfl nm win. i
" uebi
iuw uacin ou uu lUNe your
666 Is worth Oiroe or fonr
much as a SUBSTITUTE.
Travel anywhere., any day
on the SOUTHERN
A JareJbr every purse,..!
2
CENTS
PSBMOI
One Way and Round Trip
Coach Tickets
Rotind Trip Tickets.
...lor etch mQ trTld . . . return limit IS day.
Good ia S 1m ping and Parlor Cars on payneo! of
prop charge lor space occupied.
Round Trip Tickets. .....
... lor each aula traveled . . . return limit 6 months.
Good in Sleeping and Parlor Cars on payment of
proper charges for space occupied.
One Way Ticketa .......
. . . Good fan Sleeping and Parlor Cars on payment
at proper charges for space occupied.
AIR CONDITIONED PULLMAN AND DINING CARS
Be Comfortable in the Safety of
TRAIN TRAVEL
CodiuII Your Local Tick! Agtot, or Will.
R. H. DeBUTTS, Asst. General Passenger Agent
Asheville, N. C.
Southern Railway System
Liouio.TLrr
SalvcNosc
Okops
til
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