Newspapers / The Waynesville Mountaineer (Waynesville, … / May 10, 1945, edition 2 / Page 15
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ion THE WAYNESVILLE MOUNTAINEER ,,fj that i In- tyi)i' I in the civice as ('( T- also of ii-tainec, .vhere ac i to ful , -- as are .i nts, no In at re in I. will be - a -. I cor I i,i meet incuts in I he inac- ai ,1 I he Army m;i' may be- .. , ,U of the . . : 1 1 1 1 i;i in I in Mi;! more n'.iiirei for i i, i'. in i!;,. i eadjust !., I h,- t rausfer . . i . no longer n ;i '.one, or ..!' lo the Va- a;nlahle tratls : ' i '.. I. ami ilemobili- ".I hy the War ii -lit lis of study all of those ' ; 'Iv, the plan -.1 "iitial sol- v. ;'! tart with . I sited States iiio Ins to the 1 lustre and : aiands in the m among these designated es- it, '"i...iiw' ",( ; xt Of U. S. Army's mobilization Plan !. 'ext of ,ll,;n;JS: Spring Tonic ,.,,.,! :1 plan J J"V rj'J Sal ' ,V? ,, feat of " JTTl T , -,i and or- I 'A . V I, hit'ted I ,, ,,,,11. incuts j T.'VHfcwmm,ifti: i nici ican vs.8 mi tailed, V jfr "in"" 5" , ... HI be XX &Vmt? $ .,,,(;,, the I JjT4 3 , assemble, ,L .ts null- ? If - -nri ,,,!y the l J'? , Mt forth jgK ' 11,1 ,ll'l('r- I- MjKFi fi' adjustment FtfXT if I . ft miiniiiiniilinii ni Mil KEEPING IN CONDITION, Simian Sam is pictured as he paid heed to the coming season by inbibing his yearly tonic. At top he holds the spoon as a keeper at the Bronx Zoo in New York pours the builder upper. Next, he downs it to the last drop. And it must be good (bot tom), for Sam even licks the spoon and likes it (.International) Kcntinl, and a substantial number will be designated as nonessential to the new military needs of the Army nnd will be returned to civil ian' '1 if e according to certain priori ties. . As an example, the commanding general of the European theatre of operations will be informed by the War Department of the types and numbers of his units which will be needed in the Pacific, and the types and numbers of his units which will remain as occupation troops, and the types and numbers of his units which are surplus. The simples plan of demobiliza tion would have been to return these surplus units to this country and discharge their personnel in tact. WOULD OVERATE UXFAlh'IA' Such a method, however, would operate with great unfairness to many individuals who have had long and arduous service, but are not assigned to one of the units de clared surplus. If only units in Europe were considered, this basis of expediency would work unfairly to units long in the Pacific or at outpost bases in the American theatre. It would operate unfairly to men who have seen extended combat services both in Europe nd the Pacific and have been re turned to this country for reas signment. It would release men only recently assigned as replace ments to units long in combat and would discriminate against veter ans of many campaigns in units not selected for return. Consequently, it was determined that the fairest method to effect partial demobilization would he through the selection ot men as in dividuals, rather than hy units, with the selection governed by thoroughly impartial .standards. For the standards, the War De partment went to the soldiers themselves. Experts were sent in to the field to obtain a cross-section of the sentiments of enlisted men. Thousands of soldiers, both in this country and overseas, were inter viewed to learn their views on the kind of selective process they be lieved should determine the men to be returned first to civilian life. Opinions expressed by the soldiers became the accepted principles of the plan. As finally worked out, the plan accepted by the War Department SPECOAL COFFEE (Our 1KAH LORD Tvacli u- to !n liumlil.' in this on hour of triumph. Show us i ,,v, to how otu heaitss in reverent ui'iititude to those ni ii who have carried our flairs to victory. Let .!., mil ..lVl. W;(V jn exultant celebrations for there are lo,i. tun many bodies that were once men on that Inad leadniv up to this day. lb !' us ! !. ci t'y their saci ilices by puttine; our shoul ,i,,,,s '" wheel and, tiioethc-r. working for another Victory. , have p-onc wily half the way. (Iran!. I .-1 1 - Lord, that we will see our future through eyes thai nave jtowm brighter with this day. Strengthen our luiii I : and bodies so that we can meet the changing wm'i ! w ith conlidencc. And, above all. Hear Lord, abide with us. AMKN I'Yaiues Gilbert Frazier. Indian Style Fighting Duplicated In France as hc.t mi'ctim; the ti-l-. of justice and ini a 1 1 is! n y u ill allow men who have l,i -I'll overseas and men with deic isleiil children lo bale pi ioiity i.l ' -i pai atii.n. Ninety per rent f 1 l.e ,.,a i s inlei viewed said that lhat i- the wav i! should be. As p.-llt of "adjusti il r-e he issued to after the de he 'lan adopted, an ice l al ing card" will ill enlisted' persuing I al of (o rmauv. I 111 this card w ill he ing four factors mine pi mi il v "I" scored (he follow--that will detel seiiarat ion : UATI.Xt! CI,' J. Service. credit I'.ased upon the total iuiiiiIh r nf months, of Armj ser ice since September lis 1 '. 1 1 . I. ) r.-eas ci . dil li.Tsed upon the numlier of months served over seas. 3. Combat credit l'ased upon the lirsl and each additional award to the individual of the Medal of Honor, I h -I in'.iiii.-heil Service Cross, Legion of Mei it. Silver Star. Dis tinguished Khun'; Cross, Soldier's Medal, Ihonxi Star Medal, Air Medal. Purple Heart, and Unitize Service Stars (battle participation stars). 4. Parenthood credit Which gives credit for each dependent child under IS years up to u limit of three children. The value of the point credits ...:u i i r ii I will i a ,1 , 1 o u I il ei ill I II I'll H.iii- tion id hostilities in i-.urope. in the meantime, the point values will he kept under continuous study. The tolal scare will be used to se lect surplus men from the theatres overseas and in the United States. The score also will be used when a certain portion of all these sur plus men will he declared nones sential and relurned to civilian life. In all cases, however, the de mands of military necessiiy and the needs of the war again-t Ja pan must first be met. Regardless of a man's priority standing, cer tain types of personnel (an never ''eciane surplus as long as the war against Japan continues. As an example of how the plan will work, assume that there are four infantry divisions in the Eu ropean theatre. One is declared surplus. Men in all four divisions are rated according to the piiority credit scores. The top fourth is se lected and those not essential for I relent ion in service by reasons of military necessity are designated as surplus. .Men in the surplus division who are marked for re tention by reason of military ne cessity are then shiften into the active divisions, and till of the men designated as surplus are shifted into the surplus divisions, which now will serve as a vehicle for eventually returning them to the Pnited States. A COSDITIOX No man in a unit that remains in service can become surplus un til a qualified replacement is avail able If military necessity should detail the immediate transfer of a unit to 'the Pacific, there may con ceivably lie no time to apply the plan to men of that unit before the emergency transfer is made. Con when they arrive in the new thr sideialion will be given these men at re. The active units needed against Japan will be shipped to the Pa cific. Those units required for oc cupation duty in Europe will be sent to their stations, ami surplus units will he returned to the United States as quickly as possible. In the United States, the men of these surplus units will revert tn a surplus pool in the Army Ground forns. Army Service forces and Army Air forces. These surplus pools will include surplus men from all overseas theatres and sur plus men fiom these continental United States. From these surplus pools the re duction of various types of Army personnel will be made. The num ber to be returned to civilian life ,. , Innirnr essential to OVCf-all Armv needs will be chosen from among those with the highes prior ity credit scores. It is emphasized that the rate of return or surplus men from over- J raucr WITH A M KKICAN TROOPS IN I'K'ANt E. The battle for France hec.iini' a Twentieth Century Ver sion of the wit'niiig of the Amer i. .10 West, with roaming bands of Germans marked for externiinn t ion. "Indian territory'' and that's the term used by Army officers to de-crdii it includes great blocks of forest and farm land from seas will depend upon the number of ships; available. Thousands of ships will be required to supply the Pacific! heat re. The Pacific theatre will have Nn. 1 priority. All else mils! wait. To it will he transport d millions of fighting men, mil lions of tons of landiiij;. barpes. tanks, planes, guns, ammunition, and food over longer supply lines than those to Europe, .W.IAT MONTHS This means that most of the ships and planes that were used to sup ply the European theatre will be needed to supply the Pacific the atre. The majority of ships pro ceeding to Europe will containue on to the Pacific, laden with troops and supplies for that distant cam paign. Very few' will turn around and come bnok to -the United States. The Army, therefore, will not be able in' -return .all surplus men to the United States imme diately. It may take months. While the process of selecting and reluming men from the Eu ropen theatre is taking (dare, the plan for readjustment and partial demobilization also will he applied in active theatres, like the South west Pacific. Individuals in those theatres will be declared surplus to the extent, that replacements can be provided. Naturally, since the Pacific will be the only active the atre, there will he no surplus units of any type. Military require ments there will demand an in crease rather than a decrease, in fighting units. Nevertheless, troops in the Pacific area will benefit by the reduction of the Army, not as units, but, as individuals. Commanders in the Pacific area will he told the number and type of men w ho can be replaced. They (Inn will select these men, using the same standards as apply in active theatres in the United States. These men then will be returned to the United States as rapidly as replacements of the same type become available and as the military situation permits. As an example, normally there will be a great flow of men needed lo build up and maintain an offen sive against .Japan, but say that several thousand men, over and above the required number, can be shipped to the Pacific each month. Then, a corresponding number of men in the Pacific with the highest priority credit scores can be de clared surplus and returned to the United States, where their scores and military necessity will deter mine whether they are among the personnel no longer essential to the Army. TO A f'I'LY IX U. S. Simultaneously with the selection and return of men in the overseas theatres, the same selective ior mula will be applied among troops stationed in the continental United States. Troops in the United States, however, will serve as the main reservoir of replacements for the overseas theatres. For, in gen eral, their priority scores will he lower than the scores of men who have served overseas and have seen combat duty. Any man who may have been declared nonessential under this plan who wishea to remain in the Army, provided he has a satisfac tory record, will not 'be force'd out of the Army if he can be usefully employed. ;',, - . ' In the case of officers, military necessity will determine which ones are nonessential. These will be released as they can be spared. Priority of release for members of the Women's Army Corps will be determined in the same way as for the rest of the Army, but treating the corps M separate group. However, in the case of Brest to Le Mans and from Angers by the River Loire north to Mor-tain. Although American armored col ' unins cut thin great block of France j away from the main body of the German Army, there stil! are wan dering and pocketed groups i-mg-1 ing from small squads to units of some size still intact and lighting I like loving Indian tribes of old. j Many of the enemy units broke ' into French farm homes and stole 1 eggs and livestock to keep from starving. I Playing the part of .Nineteentl) ; tYntury Indian scouts, armed meni- I hois of the French resistance niove , ment hunted out hidden bands of i marauding Germans and cither clashed with them or rode back post haste to report their pie eiice lo " Federal troops." Troops ride to the noise of il'i indiag tank treads instead of the music ,il' hooves, and cut Up the I I Meiny with shells instead of sttbers, I but. they charge with ull the thrill ! of a horse opera. Everything is ; there but the bugle. . Resistance lighters are as care less of dress as were the old lime Indian scouts and they are just i as reckless. They ride about the secondarily loads in dimiiHil ive vintage model automobiles, (lying tricolor llags vi: idle for miles, and il lakes a stout -hearted German to tangle with these wild young men with potato-ma- In r grenades and wav ing enpt tired Gt i man 'rifles. Some American .-.i mured col umns hetwi l,e Mans and I '.rest are patmling hO-milo s! retches. Some of these Hying spearheads have run wild since the Yank break-through of the solid Ger man I.essay Perieis-St. l.u line late in July anil plunged the war into a period of razzle-dazzle fighting. "The break-through ended that PUS type of fighting in the Nor mandy hedgerows which was cost ly on both sides," said t'apf. James Campbell, Memphis, Tcnti. "Our reconnaissance anils have light tanks, halftracks, ami light art il hi y, and if opposition isn't loo strong they brush on through it. If it is more than they can handle, they withdraw or fight a delaying action until heavy armored support arrives." bike settlers of the covered-wagon days, truck convoys moving through the "Apache cotinlry" need protection, and they are getting it now, although in the first days of spectacular advance through Nor mandy (hey had to run a ganllet of enemy ambushes. A number of trucks were shot, up by hidden German machine-gunners who employed the old Indian trick of waiting until most of the convoy was past and then picking off stiagglers. all female personnel of the Army, those whose husbands have already been released will be discharged upon application. The plan as now adopted will provide some reduction in the Army's Ground forces and initially considerably less in the Service forces and in the Air forces. Following Germany's defeat, the Air forces will have to move com bat groups and supporting ground units from all over the woihl lo the Pacific areas. The nature of the Pacific area dictates that Ser vice forces personnel will he need id in great numbers to carry the war to Japan, bong supply lilies, .scattered bases, jungles, primitive country, all contribute to the im portance and necessity for Service I forces personnel. Therefore, I hi reduction in its strength will 1 slow at. first. As replacements become avail able from the Ground forces and from new inductees, the Air forces and the Service forces will dis charge a fair share of men propor tionate with the Ground forces. Surplus individuals declared non essential tn the needs of the Army will be discharged from the ser vice through separate centers. Five Armv separation centers are til- ready in operation and addition ones will be set up when the need develops. A total of eighteen in all parts of the country are con tomplated. Their wide distribution will enable us to discharge sol diers close to their homes. The readjustment and demob zation plan applies only to read justment and demobilization ami in the period between the defeat of Germany and prior to the defeat of Japan. It sets forth the principles and responsibilities involved dur ing that period. Theatre com manders and commanders of all other major commands of the Army will put the plan into operation in as simple a manner as possible based on those principles and re sponsibilities. The War Department has deter mined that the successful opera tion of the plan requires that the troops themselves, as well as the public, be kept fully informed. EXACTNESS The size of the military estahr lishment that will be needed after the defeat of Germany has been calculated with the same exactness the size of the Army needed up to now. No soldier will be kept in the military service who is not needed to fulfill these require ments. No soldier will be released who is needed. Manila Hope Source Spreads The abaca plant, the source ot Manila rope, is now being grown successfully in Panama, Costa Rica, Honduras and Guatemala.
The Waynesville Mountaineer (Waynesville, N.C.)
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May 10, 1945, edition 2
15
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