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. The Waynesville Mountaineer THIRD SECTION joining What The Marshall Plan Is All About t ! rft :. t! t " f, odftfFRS the world so as to permit the Dn emergence of tiaro are hich Secretary of Marshall hrsi ut- h.,11 Plan : ited States should is able to ao . n0( normal ecoii- e world, witnoui no poliuca. ! A npare. directea , ........ hut ry or aot u povertv dcspera- ihould be the re nins eronomy in cial II DAY DINNfcK nl. u K:30 p. m.) ITAII.S anal" iapelruit Juice llP ;pv and Vegetable lATS and Dressing terry Sauce kecf rcsh Water r isn ers fABLES Ind Marshmallows Peas Kernel i Gravv ) ufiBeets click Fried 'otatoes h ,AIS . itice and Tomato Slau ) iERTS ! Short Cake S Chocolate Cake e or Strawberry e Cream sr Corn Sticks ?i 'Butter emergence of pouticai ana social conditions in which free insti tutions can exist. "Such assistance . . . must not be on a piecemeal oasis as various crises develop. Any assistance that this gov ernment may render in the future should provide a cure rather than mere palliative. "Any government that is willing to assist i in tne lasK 01 recovery will find full co-operation, 1 am sure, on me pari oi me unnea Slates government. "Any government which man euvers V block the recovery of other countries cannot expect help from us . . . (they can ex pect) the opposition of the (J. S. ". . . There must be some agree ments among trie countries ol tur- ope as lo the requirements oi the situation and the part those coun tries Uieinselves will take . . . "This is the business ol Eur opeans, ine initiative must come Irom Europe. "The role of this'country should consist ol friendly aid in drafting of a European program and ot lat er support of such a program as it may be practical for us to do so. The program should be a joint one, agreed 10 Dy a numoer, u noi all European nations." jectives . . . "It faces the naked facts of life." MINE STRIFE VETERANS DISCUSS NEW WALKOUT or Milk si Cafeteria S'orth Carolina VANDENUERG'S ANALYSIS Here are the purposes of the Marshall Plan as conceived by Sen ate President Arthur H. Vanden berg, R., Mich., after two months of hearings: This legislation ithe Marshall Plan) . . . seeks peace and stability for free men in a free world. "It seeks them by economic rath er than military means. "It proposes to help our friends to help themselves in the pursuit of sound and successful liberty in the democratic pattern. "The quest can mean as much to us as it does to them. "It aims to preserve the victory against aggression and dictatorship which we thought we won in World War II. "It strives to help stop World War III before it starts. "It fights the economic chaos which would precipitate far-flung disintegration. "It sustains western civilization. "It means to take Western Eur ope completely off the American dole at the end of the adventure. "It recognizes the grim truth whether we like it or not that American self - interest, national economy and national security are FACTS AND FIGURES WASHINGTON (UP) Facts and figures about the Marshall Plan: Official name European Re covery Program (ERPi. Where did it start? Secretary of State George C. Marshall, in a speech at Harvard University on June 5, 1947, suggested that the United States could help Europe recover if Europe itself would for mulate a program and promise a maximum campaign of co-ooera- tivf self help. What nations in Europe are par ticipating? Great Britain, Eire, France, Belgium, The Netherlands, Luxembourg, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland, Italy, Switzer land, Portugal. Greece, Turkey, Austria, plus the merged Anglo American zone of Germany and the French zone of Germany. Six teen nations plus Western Ger many. Which countries refused to par ticipate? Soviet Russia, Poland, Czechoslovakia. Hungary, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Romania and Finland. Which European country was not invited? Franco Spain. How did ERP get started? After Marshall's speech, the 16 nations met in Paris. They agreed upon a co-operative program of self-help and also agreed on what help they would need from the United States. Since then it has been up to the United States to decide what it will do. Chief Developments Following are the chief develop ments in what Marshall calls the most important foreign policy step in American history: 1. Marshall made his suggestion at Harvard on June 5, 1947. 2. British Foreign Minister Ern est Bcvin and French Foreign Min ister Georges Bidault took the Ini tiative and invited Soviet Foreign Minister Vacheslav M. Molotov to Paris to consider the American offer. 3. Molotov walked out of the Paris conference, rejecting the idea as an American plan to dominate Europe. 4. Bevin and Bidault decided to go ahead without Russia. They in vited all the European countries except Spain to a conference. All except Russia and her satellites attended and formed a committee of European economic coopera tion (CEEC). 5. The CEEC at first estimated European needs at $29,000,000,000. Undersecretary of State William L. Clayton persuaded CEEC to cut the I -- NA, Kf A VETERAN Of MANY WALKOUTS In the Pennsylvania soft coal mines, William McDorsky.,68 (left), talks over the current work stoppage with two other old timers, Thomas McMonagle, 74 (center), and Pete Peeromito. 60, Cloverdale, Pa. Some 110,000 miners in the western Pennsylvania fields were reported out on holiday" la Bupport of the $100 a month pension plan of Jn L. Lewis. U.M.W. president. (International) nseparably linked with these ob-1 figure to $22,400,QOO,000 the fig- ji nil, l L ift ""iiiii m i, i J 0jdti'-JA IN A GOLD AND SILVER Washer Or a Complete Bendix Automatic Home Laundry! ig Prizes! Good chances to Win! JJy be the lucky winner of the complete Bendix Home Laurv the washer, dryer and ironer that do all your washday work f f tically. Or you may won this gleaming gold and silver replica .s''iea millionth Bend Sodnn'twa t enter tnis easy conies i Easy! Fun! Profitable! CONTEST CLOSES MARCH 31! by for an official entrv blank, compete with hints on How to fe exciting prites. All entries must be on official entry complete this sentence in 50 words or less: MY CHOICE ON pY IS A BENDIX AUTOMATIC WASHER BECAUSE your entrv in tirrx to be postmarked on, or before midnight, 1948. WXf wJLi8 w,r y Brathen ApplUnees, Ine., BendU trib taetrtt. IH1-.". Stmtit CaroUnfc Cratest will b jnred M basta wsrsjiTbjijxjStr ptaw th""rht in e,e iop"m f May! Yu May Be One of the Lucky WinneriZ Sogers electric co. t Main Street ure that was presented lo t hi United States. Forces Set to Work 6. Meanwhile. in the United States the greatest forte ol talent in history was mobilized by the government to study the project President Truman set up a non partisan committee of civilians under Secretary of Commerce W. Averell Harriman tu advise on the limits within which the United States could help Kurope anil in what form; an expert committee under Secretary of Interior .1. A. Krug to determine the elicits ol the project on American national resources; aiid ut'sigiuiteu me President's council of economic advisers to determine the impact of the program on domestic econ omy. 7. The American committees all agreed that within the range con- . teniplated the United States could assume the burden of a vast Ku ropean recovery program. 8. The administration, under the leadership of the Slate Depart ment, began last fall lo formulate the detailed program for presenta tion to Congress. It finally sub mitted its report a,nd asked for a j 4',4 year program with an esti mated $17.000.000. 000 cost It pi im posed $6,800,000,000 lor the first 15 months of the plan starting April 1, 1947, and decreasing amounts each year thereafter. 9. The Senate foreign relations committee, after weeks of hear ings, liminaled the $17.00().00l).()00 figure, leaving the over-nil possible cost blank, and approved ant hoi i.i tion of $5.300.000 ,000 for the first 12 months. 10. Debate in the Senate started March 1 exactly one month lieloic the administration's deadline- hut the House Committee still was de bating on it, One Aim Is To Stop World War III lie fore It Can Start, Survey Shows (Editor's note: Following is tin first of a series of dispatches de signed to explain " What Is the Marshall Plan'.'": "why is it neces sary.' ; "how did it develop'.'": 'how will it work?": "what are the arguments against it'.'", "what are its chances of success?" By R. II . SIIACKPORI) United Press Staff Correspondent WASHINGTON L'P' What is the Marshall Plan? When the hundreds of millions of words and figures are distilled, the administration's answer is this: It is a multi-billion dollar Amer ican program for helping Europe help itself back to economic health It is a plan to save non-Commu- , nist Europe from Communism. It is a plan to stop Russian ex pansionism snort ol war wun economoc rather than military measures. It is a procedure for priming the European economic pump with major emphasis on co-operative self-help by the Europeans them selves. Not Merely Relief It is not just another relief pro gram. Although it w ill keep a lot of the 270,000,000 Western Europeans from starving, it involves also huge sums of money for raw materials. machinery, locomotives, steel and other capital equipment. It is a plan which the adminis tration and its leading supporters in Congress hope will stop World War III before it starts. It is a plan to stabilize Europe, first economically and then polit ically. Until such stability is estab lished, the administration has abandoned all hope of negotiating a German or Japanese peace set tlement with the Russians. The plan is not considered char ity. But little, if any, of the money will he illumed directly. The plan is s.nd to be of vital sell -nilei est to llu. I . S. because a free, stable and productive i onmiunily oi na tions in Kui ope" is essential to American security . Nummary ol Plan Thai is a .streamlined summary of the administration's complicated argument tor the Marshall Plan, wnich is oil ic tally known as the European Itccovcry Program ' EHl'i. It envisages an estimated Am erican investment of 'about $17. U(UU (10. over a period of 4' I years. Expenditures under it are expected to decrease durini; the years ol operation eventually to iiolhiiiK. hut dining the lirst year they will he at the rate of M40. 000.(11)0 a month. Secretary of Slate (Jcorge t". Marshall, whose name adorns the plan explained the historic project ill smipie terms when he tossed oui the idea on June .". 11)47. in a speech at Harvard I luveisity lie cited tne disastrous effects of the war on I lit' "fabiic" of Euro pean economy. I he failure ot Ku rope to recover to date despite SI2,(IIKI.110'l.iMl) m Mneiieai; piece meal post-war help, lie concluded that il would l;.l e another three or lour years ol intensive help by the I lilted Stales and extensive work l.y the Europeans Uieinselves to put Europe hack on lis leel. Marshall I lien electrified West ern Europe and put a chain of events into operation hy slating; Marshall's Challenge ' lielore the I lilted Stales gov ernment can proceed much liirlhiT in its elltn Is lo al le la! e t he silua lion and help start the European world on il way to recovery, there must he some agi eeinenl .inning the countries ol Euitipe as lo the requirement s ol the situation and Ine parls those couniiies them selves will lake ill order lo give piopcr elleci to whatever acuon liughl he undertaken by the g'V eriimcnl . "The initiative must mine from Europe. I he role of this country should consist of friendly aid." When Marshall made Ills oiler, the door was open to all of Europe, including llus'ia. to participate. Hut Ifussia elected to slay out, thus eliminating what niighl have been an embarra.-sing situation lor Marshall. II the Kussians had agreed lo participate, it is doubt ful that Congress could have been persuaded lo appropriate billions tor 1 he project. Kussians Change Plan lint, nevertheless, it stalled out that way. And the Russians by walking out -converted the plan overnight into a program for West ern Europe and one to resist Com- munism. Marshall was relatively certain in advance the Russians would not 1 accept his proposal. His first ex perience in Big Eour diplomacy si Moscow last spring had convinced I him the Kussians did not want i stability in Europe either eco ! nomic or political. Therefore, at Harvard. Marshall carefully de fined his objectives and condi tions: "Our policy is directed not against any country or doctrine but against hunger, poverty, des persation and chaos. "Its purpose should be the re vival of a working economy in the world so as to permit the emer gence of political and social condi tions in which free institutions can exist . . . i "Any government which maneu vers to block the recovery of other 'countries cannot expect help from ! us. i "Furthermore, governments, po i litical parties or groups which seek to perpetuate human misery in order to profit therefrom politic ally or otherwise will encounter the opposition of the United States." That's how it all started on a warm June dav at Harvard. PARENTS VOTE CONFIDENCE CHAPI'AQU.V N. Y. (UPl Par ents of students at Horace Greeley high school recommended thai formal dances and basketball games last longer into the night and approved all-night graduation parlies. They said the move was an expression of confidence in the graduates. Advertise with Want Ads. It pays.. 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Respect the other fellow's rights on the road . . . and be doubly alert for children playing! Remem ber, safe driving makes Happy Motorini. r: CMtmN YOU PROTECT BOTH YOUR CAR AND YOUR POCKTBOOK WITH CARE LIKE THIS AT THE ESSO SIGN Ff Oilchangetorightsummergrade Thorough lubrication job W Battery checked (re-charged if needed) fT Tires and tubes inspected (Atlas replacements if needed) Pf Radiator drained, flushed, inspected for leaks fT Lights & wipers checked for proper operation Sec your (cSSO) dealer Avoid car trouble that needn't happenl See your Eiso Dealer today Remember that "Gooa Core CounH." ,J ESSO STANDARD OIL COMPANY LEATHERWOOD AND FRANCIS ESSO SERVICE Fast, Courteous Service Phone 9172 Asheville Road WALKER'S ESSO SERVICE HOWELL & PHILLIP b ESSO SERVICE Complete One-Stop Service Phone 9162 Washing - Greasing . ' Tire Repairing ' i Depot Street Phone 9197 Main Slreot 4 -3 I
The Waynesville Mountaineer (Waynesville, N.C.)
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March 26, 1948, edition 1
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