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Using Lime On Farmlands
Neutralizes Acids In Soil
1IBRRT I. RAMSEY I
1 Assistant County Agent
Liming the soil is tike lather
ing the face before shaving. The
face is only being better prepared
for better shaving in the lathering
process.
Liming the soil only prepares it
for better crop production. The
best crop production requires the
use of fertilizers carrying ' nitro
gen, phosphate, and potash, and
sometimes other plant foods, just
as shaving requires a razor in ad
dition to the lathering.
To use fertilizers on acid soils,
and practically all of our native
soils are strongly acid, is like try
ing to run a race with lead weights
in your pockets.
An effective soil-building ro
tation to use without lime or le
gumes is to use the White Man
and Indian rotation. Let the
White Man have the soil 100 years
to destroy it and the Indian have
it 5,000 years to rebuild it with
forests. The forests "limed" the
soils by pumping back to the sur
face through its deep roots the sol
uble plant foods (calcium, mag
nesium, potassium, etc.) which
limed the soil as the leaves fell
to the ground and decayed.
What causes soil acidity in the
first place? The principal acid in
soils is not hydrochloric, nitric, or
the common drug store acids. Such
acids are soluble and would easily
wash out of the soil, resulting in
decreased acidity. But we know
soil acidity increases with the pro
longed movement of rainwater
through the soil. This comes about
because the main soil acids are the
particles of clay themselves.
The Tennessee River carries
calcium and magnesium, the two
chief elements in lime, in solu
tion equal to 348 pounds of lime
per acre of watershed annually.
Acid soils occur only in humid
climates, the arid areas having
neutral or alkaline (basic) soils.
The clay particles, very minute,
do not leach out of the soil, but
the important plant foods that are
fastened to them do leach out. This
tiny clay particle attracts calcium,
magnesium, potassium and other
fertilizer elements much the sam?
as a magnet attracts a piece of
steel. And when all the clay par
ticles in a soil are "saturated" with
calcium, magnesium and potas
sium the soil has no acidity, and is
alkaline or "sweet." 'When these
materials are leached out, how
ever, the hydrogen <H) that comes
from the soil waters <H20) is at
tracted to the small clay particle
where the "food elements" had
been removed by leaching, with the
result tljat the soil becomes acidic.
| There are other acids too, like
organic acids, produced by decom
posing vegetable matter, but it is
the clay acid that gives us great
est concern. Since the clays in
soils are the principal acids, a
heavy soil with lots of clay would
have more acidity to be destroyed
(neutralized) by liming than a
sandy soil with only a small
amount of clay in it.
The strength of soil acidity is
stated somewhat like the sizes or
gauges of wire. In wires, the
smaller the gauge number the larg
er the wire, and so witlr the pH
scale which expresses the acidity
of the soil. A pH of 4.5 is about
an extreme acidity for any soil,
a pH of 7.0 is neutral, neither acid
nor basic, and a pH above 7.0 is
alkaline or sweet and contains free
lime. In this area, the optimum
pH for legumes and grasses is 6.5,
but we sometimes should lime as
highly as 6.7 or 6.8 for crops like
alfalfa where the sod will be main
tained for a number of years. Be
low is a list of crops and the
acidity that they tolerate:
Highly sensitive lime to pH
6.0-6.7 ? Alfalfa, sweet clover,
beets, box wood.
Tolerant to slight acidity 5.5-6.0
? Asparagus, barley, brussel
sprouts, cabbage, cantaloupe, cau
liflower, celery, crimson clover,
cucumber, hop clover, lettuce, okra,
onions, parsnip, peppers, pumpkin,
radish, spinach, squash, white
iLadino) Clover.
Tolerant to moderate acidity
5.0-5.5?Alsike clover, bermuda
grass, carrot, corn, eggplant, gar
den peas, kale, kudzu. lespedeza,
lima beans, mustard, oats, straw
berries. sweet potato, tomatoes,
I turnips, vetch, wheat.
Tolerant to high acidity below
Let Us Pat Your
TRACTOR IN A-l CONDITION
For Summer and Fall Work ?
NOW Is The Time For Tractor Repairs,
Tune-ups or Overhaul ?
? EXPERT MECHANICS WITH YEARS
OF EXPERIENCE.
? GENUINE FORD TRACTOR AND
DEARBORN EQUIPMENT PARTS.
Pick-up 1^^.
and
Delivery X
Sirvic? IliUAjLjjJ
Rogers Tractor Co.
Dial 3944 Clyde, N. C.
AUCTION SALE
1948 FORD TRACTOR
TRACTOR DISC HARROW
DRAG HARROW
TRACTOR PLOW
2 ROW TRACTOR CULTIVATOR
CULTIPACKER
TILLER
ENSILAGE CUTTER
PICK-UP BALER
SIDE DELIVERY RAKE
HEAVY DUTY SIDE MOWER
NUMEROUS SMALL TOOLS
500 BALES OF 1st CUTTING ALFALFA
Sale To Be Held On
Saturday, July 23, 1955,
At 1:00 O'clock ,
At The County Farm
BY ORDER OF
Haywood County
Board of Commissioners
F. C. Green, Chairman
SALE CONDUCTED BY WEST AND GOSSETT
i Grazing Alfalfas Hold
Promise for Old Ranges
Today, we are interested In
returning alfalfa to its first use
?grazing. For the past hundred
years, alfalfa has been synony
mous with hay?in fact, alfalfa
as a hay crop has had much to
do with the rapid settling of
the West.
But something has happened
to these ranges. There Is scarce
ly a western State that supports
as many units of livestock per
acre as It did 50 years ago,
this in spite of irrigation, ferti
lization, new varieties, etc. Some
of the reasons are: (1) replace
ment of original cover by other
plants of little or no forage
value, (2) replacement of per
ennials by annuals, (3) erosion
r.nd (4) reduction of organic
matter.
Commercial nitrogen, fall ap
plied, often means- the differ
ence between success and fail
ure in grass seeding on range
land. It can increase the yield
of our native grasses amazingly.
A fair stand of grazing alfalfas
could supply this needed nitro
gen.
Professor E. R. Jackman.
Oregon State College, suggests
that grazing alfalfas may be
the key to the problem of main
taining grass stands, keeping
out unwanted species, stopping
erosion and restoring humus.
The Oregon State College is now
conducting trials to determine
the adaptation of alfalfa in solv
ing the problem.
Nomad and Rhlzoma are the
only strictly grazing types of
alfalfa being used of which seed,
is available. Sevelra and Ladak
* are included because they have
a small percentage of grazing
types. Ladak has up to 15 per
cent in some lots of seed. Ran
ger is in the trials simply be
cause it is now the standard
variety.
From the 75 seedlngs in this
test, it is hoped to learn (1)
limitations of each variety when
grazed. (2) type \of grazing most
successful. (3) ability of the
Oregon State College
This field of Nomad alfalfa
crested wheatgrass in Oregon
has been grazed heavily ever
since seeding, but was allowed
to recover before this photo was
taken. Note sage-brush juniper
range in background. Annual
rainfall Is It to 11 Inches.
various varieties to persist un
der grazing, (4) difference be
tween hay varieties and graz
ing varieties, and (5) effect of
the various varieties upon the
companion grasses and upon
encroachment of the unwanted
species.
These trial plantings are on
low yielding land ? land mostly
worth less than $10.00 an acre,
so the yield is low in any case.
Average rainfall for the 75 plant
ings is 12 inches.
No definite conclusions Have
been reached but the tests have
already stimulated interest in
ranchers' minds. Some of those
having trials are now seeding
larger acreages on their own.
Others may wish to explore this
field. Typical grazing alfalfas
certainly are worth trying.
5.0?Cowpeas, potatoes, red top,
rye, snap beans, soy beans, to
bacco, watermelons.
Notice that the lists above show
what acidity the plants will tole
rate, not the acidity that they
thrive best upon. Generally speak
ing, for a most fertile mineral soil,
we should like to lime as near 6.5
as possible, as in this range more
phosphate is available, and our le
gumes do their best job of captur
ing the free nitrogen in the air and
storing it in the nodules on their
roots. Organic matter accumulat
es at this pH, whereas it does not
at the more acid conditions. Like
wise phosphates are lowly available
on acid soils, and bacteria, so es
sentia) to good crop production,
thrive poorly on acid soils.
Our North Carolina Experiment
Station collected data on Pied
mont soils over a 16-year period.
The rotation used was corn, wheat,
red clover and cotton. The equiva
lent of only 81 pounds of 20%
superphosphate was required with
lime, while 335 pounds was requir
ed without lime for economical
crop production. The profit for
lime was $22.75, $44.31, $29.54,
$12.07, and $7.82 per acre per ro
tation when none, 81, 162, 335, and
670 pounds of superphosphate was
used per acre per year.
SILAGE STAYS FRESH, SWEET
HIGH IN FOOD VALUE
With STA-FRESH Bisulfite
"STA-FRESH" Sodium Bisulfite
keeps silage green, sweet, and
hign in food value. Last year
hundreds of farmers used bisul
fite-treatcd silage wit'* amazing
success. "Best silage I ever
made," said one. "We haven't
found anyone who doesn't like
it," said a county agent "STA
FRESH" is low-cost, easy-to-use.
Cows prefer silage made with it.
(See tnem helping themselves in
photo at right.) We carrv General
Chemical's "STA-FRESH" in 80
lb. bags (treats 10 tons of silage).
See us today.
ijVj-y. JJ1 A Product oI General Chemical Division, Allied Chemical t Dye Corp.
|L BRAND J
FARMERS FEDERATION
V 250 Depot GL 6-5361 Waynesville
| ? ?? I
nXTfWW NOW GOING
LT?2aIlA ON
M BUYS ENOUGH VARNISH
FOR 'A YOUR FLOORS
TWO CANS (lam* till) jjfcpdtt
for Hit prico of on# PLUS K ini?nfij
ROCKSPAR Egg
VARNISH
FOR WOODWORK, FURNITURI AND FLOORS
1 gal. $6J5 2 gals. $6.86
HAYWOOD
BUILDERS SUPPLY CO.
"Where There's A Material Difference"
401 Charles Street GL 6-6051
1
'
State College
Answers Timely
Farm Questions
QUESTION: Where can I ret
training for Dairy Herd Improve
ment Association testing work?
ANSWER: State College will
conduct a course to train prospec
tive testers August 29 to Septem
ber 10 at Raleigh. Your county
agent can give you details about
the Job opportunities open to peo
ple with such training.
QUESTION: Ladybird beetles
are showing up in large numbers
in my tobacco fields. What should I
do about them?
ANSWER: Offer thanks. Thes^
are beneficial insects in both the
adult and larval stages, since they
feed on aphids.
QUESTION; After treating with
a "stick-can" applicator for bud
worms, my tobacco showed some.,
damage. How can I avoid this in
the future?
ANSWER: Be extremely careful
to follow directions for using in
secticides. State College recom
mends to 10 pounds per acre |
of either 10 per cent DDT dust or
10 per cent TDE dust. Many cases
of injury have been reported; most
occurred where dusts were applied
too heavily. Generally, insecticides
have given good control of bud
worms this year.
Tulip Trees
Survived
Late Freeze
The freeze of March 27-28 ci>ow-1
ed me ignorance oi.mere humans
when it comes to the piant worm,
according u> W. A. atepnen, exten
sion beeaeeper at State (Jou.'ge.
Tunp trees, also known as yel
low poplars, that were ready to
bioom me end of March were in a
very critical condition and the
freeze killed all the leaves and
every visible .sign of bloom.
"It looked as if the bioom was
finished and that the bees, which
depend on the tulip trees for a
large percentage of nectar during
the early honey flow, were to be
deprived of that source," Stephen
said. "However, the trees are mak
ing good.
The trees are in full leaf and,
while not as full of bloom as in
dicated before the freeze, are show
ing many blossoms and it appears
that the blooming period will be
more prolonged.
"Since there are never enough
bees to take advantage of the
largess of nectar supplied by the
tulip poplars it might appear that
nature was compensating the bees
for their long wait by extending
the length of the honey flow."
Stephen said the freeze has
caused us to know more about the
tulip trees and other plants too.
"It renews our respect for the1 in
terrelation of bees and trees."
Good Furniture Polish
Minimizes Scratch Effects
tl.. DTTTU niTDDPMT
?V - ?* "
State Home Demonstration Agent
SCRATCHES, DENTS, GOUGES
ON FURNITURE?Scars on furni
ture will be minimized by the
regular use of good furniture pol
ish, paste or liquid wax. Applying
liquid wax with 4/0 steel wool will
sometimes hid scratches. Or try
the oil from a Brazil nut, black
walnut or butternut?break nut
meat in half and rub well into
blemish, And rubbing the mark
with boiled linseed oil may Jielp
?don't use crude oil.
You might try coloring the break
in the finish with brown coloring
crayon or liquid shoe dye. This
dye comes in various shades of
brown and is especially good on
walnut. Be careful to touch only
the spot that needs coloring.
Wax sticks made especially for
furniture in good tones, are softer
than ordinary crayon and easier to
work with. Fill scratch with wax
and rub in well with Anger. Wipe
with a soft, dry cloth.
To conceal scratches on red
Anished mahogany, use new iodine;
for brown or cherry mahogany,
iodine that has turned dark brown.
For maple, dilute iodine about 50%
with denatured alcohol. You may
feel better by mixing iodine in
your paste or liquid wax (it's all
right if you want to do this).
Rottenstone and oil ? get an
ounce of rottenstone from paint
or hardware store and keep in old
salt shaker. Put a few drops of
sewing machine oil- on blemish
and shake on some rottenstone?
enough to make a paste. Rub
^ 1^.
SILO BLOCKS
This is a special message to
our alert farmers in Western
N. C. You can bar 1350 blocks
to build a silo 12 feet in diam
eter, 30 feet high for only
1297.00.
Call 6247 or Visit
PLEMMONS CONCRETE
PRODUCTS CO.
In Canton for
Additional Information
Nagging Backache
Sleepless Nights
Nagging backache.headache.ormuscular
aches and pains may come on with over-ex
ertion. emotional upsets or day to day strew
and strain. And folks who eat and drink un
wisely sometimes suffer mild bladder irri
tation ... with that restless, uncomfortable
feeling.
If you are miserable and worn out because
of these discomforts. Doan's Pills often
help by their pain relieving action, by their
soothing effect to ease bladder Irritation,
and by their mild diuretic action through
the kidneys-tending to increase the out
put (J the IS miles of kidney tubes.
So If nagging backache makes you feel
dragged-out. miserable . . . with restless,
sleepless nights ?. .don't wait... try Doan's
Pills... get the same happy relief millions
have en joved for over 60 years. Get Doan's
Pills today 1
Doan's Pills
Ad No. \16-41 line*
Farmers Vote
88 Pet. For
Wheat Quotas
Preliminary reports show that
88.6 per cent of Tar Heel farm
ers voting in the recent wheat
referendum favor marketing quo
tas for the 1956 wheat crop, Clyde
R. Greene, chairman of the State
ASC Committee, announced today.
Preliminary reports in the na
tion, he said, indicate greater in
terest in the referendum; 15.4 per
cent more farmers voted this year
than last. In addition to the great
er interest shown by farmers, the
percentage voting in favor was
higher this year than last.
Greene says this Is significant
in view of the fact that support
rates for 1956 will be reduced to 76
percent of parity as compared with
the support rate this year of 82V4
percent. "It looks like the farmers
are really beginning to realize the
important part that these programs
Dlay in the nation's economy."
These are preliminary tabulations;
however, the final tally is not ex
pected to show any significant
change.
briskly with grain of wood using
clean, soft cloth. Wipe frequently
and compare gloss of diunaged
ahea with original finish.
'Grapevine' Helps
Frank Faison, extension farm
agent in Sampson County, has a
"grapevine college" that helps him
get his educational job done.
If Faison can convince one good
farmer, he's pretty sure of con
vincing several. Webster Smith,
Turkey, Route 1, is among Faison's
best "instructors".
The farmer came by Faison's of
fice a few months ago, wanting a
rush job on soil testing. Faison
explained that it wasn't a one-day
job and supplied Smith with the
soil sampling information and con
Farm Agent j
tainers.
Smith was < so phased ,
results of the subsequent j
tlon he got, and used, ftl
State Soil Laboratory, h(
the word among his no
Several have been bv Fait
f|ce inquiring about s0i]
relating that "Webster Srq
me."
?
Blueberries are grown,
cially on 10,000 acres.
About 350 plant diseases^
tensive damage to farm J
'rtycUfCUWxl @0?Utfy
CHECKERBOARD
NEWS
By Joe Cline
and Dick Bradley ?
CLINE - BRADLEY COMPANI
Grass Fattening
More Profitable
Whenever good pasture is avail
able, it is very profitable to put
most weight on cattle with rough
ages. Grass is usually the lowest
cost roughage; but grasses, hays
and silage should be properly sup
plemented to get maximum utili
zation in the rumen.
Thousands of cattlemen have
found a small amount of grain
fed with one pound of Purina
Range Checkers daily per head
along with lush pasture will pro
duce heavier gains at lower cost
than will pasture alone. As the
season progresses and pasture be
comes drier, it is a good idea to
increase the amount of grain and
Checkers to keep cattle gaining
and finishing.
Tests Prove It!
In a recent feeding-on-grass dem
onstration, steers fed Range
Checkers returned a labor profit
of $25.35 each. The grass-fed steer:
returned only $7.67 per steer. This
means that pasture was sold for
$12.50 more per acre by using
Range Checkers. Ask for sugges
tions about grass feeding.
Warm Weather Hen
Management Tips
Keep hens comfortable during
warm weather to avoid produc
tions slumps. Everything possible
should be done to encourage birds
to eat and drink. We suggest:
1. Check waterers to be sure
there is sufficient cool,, clean
water at all times.
2. If birds ease off eating mash,
begin top feeding Checkers once
or twice a day to stimulate ap
petite.
3. Change from mash to Check
er-Ett form of laying ration. Birds
like it better?so eat more in hot
weather.
4. Burn lights In the cool hours
before dawn to encouragt
feed consumption.
5. Open laying house to
as cool as possible In.sul
ten pays big dividends in
birds cooler in summer,
in winter.
6. Avoid crowding thrci
ing of broody birds and
poor condition. Usually q
are low at this time of ji
ing it a good time to cull
7. Check birds freqw
lice and mites. Treat, if i
with Purina Lice Powder
the roost with Purina ft
secticide.
8. Laying, hens should
in the laying house andi
ed to run.
9. Waste grain should
o pullets?not laying Im
Health Hint
We now have products
by Purina Research fori
.hese turkey diseases:
Biue Comb and Ha
We'll gladly give you da
Hogs Need Salt
nogs without salt gad
half as fast as those getti
choice along with grail
plement in recent tests,
showed that a few pent
of salt saved 287 pound
worth $6.37.
Purine's Dr. Hobsrl
says, "We've found it m
able to mix the right lei
in the supplement and ii
al mixture fed free-chok
Watch 'Em Die!
That's right, come in and
die right before your ej
new Deid Fly display. P
the display is to show yot
wonderful new dry killer
throw on the barn floor
flies?then knocks em ?
in just a few seconds, ft
see this new easy, lo?
to kill flies.
CLINE-BRADLEY CO. :
5 POINTS HAM
mWmWmWmWi
FREE! - $50.00 - FR(
AUCTION
T. HUGH ROGERS FARJl
Better Known as the Tom Rogers Place, Located one mile Sputh I
of Clyde, N. C. on th e Haynes Cove Road.
SATURDAY, JULY | gi
10:00A.M. Regardless of Weather
This farm contains 260 acres, new brick home with all city
conveniences, one tenant house, two silos and barn room suf- -
ficient to care for 100 head of cattle. Also two tobacco barns
and other outbuildings. 1.57 acre tobacco allotment. Sub- |U^
divided into small tracts, so you can buy as much or as little B
as you
This farm has plenty of water, is fenced and cross-fenced and is well
balanced in every way. Suitable for dairy or beef cattle and track farm
lns. 75 head of cattle, some resistered Shorthorn and Herefords, cows, r m .,1
calves, bred heifers and (Tade steers weighing 750 to SO# lbs. Farm LflSy 1 CriTlS ??
Equipment: Used Ford Tractor, Dearborn Field Harvester, Dearborn ? n
Corn Picker, Papec Ensilage Cutter and other Farm Equipment In A-l Balance 1 - -
condition. ,
Lunch to be served by South Clyde Community Development Club
' SALE CONDUCTED BY
West & Gossett, Land Auction Com!
Weavervtlle tc Canton. N. C. For Further Information See Bryan D. Medlord^