I.
sESHSGSEy CARTER
Washington, Holding back, a
threatened epidemic Of strikes un-
V tU onion labor leaders can get what
- ,' taey want' In , Washington In the
, way of legislation u proving aim-
' i ' eult taak for William Green, preai
'dent of the American Federation of
, ' Xabor, and his lieutenants. In As
"f ' ron the rubber company employees
;, ' are chafing at the bit So It la In
t 1 hundred other lines.
John' It. Lewis, president of the
, United Mine Workers, has less dlffl-
. " "' eulty with his onion. He wants, as
Green does, to bold back the strikes,
,6nt D0 get the obvious goal of June
18, which Is the date the law creat-
' fog NBA expires. -v'""";
" Green, Lewis and an their friends
'here have the same object If the
- idmlnlstratlon proves too lukewarm
on the things they want, tbey can
day the pending strike situation on
,( fthe White House doorstep. Preel
- dent Roosevelt win then bo faced
with the apparent alternative of
giving In, or of precipitating so
many strikes that a terrific blow
.will be dealt returning prosperity.
The Importance of this to the
President can be realized only, by
examining the political prospects.
Next year the President, all of the
house, and a third of the senate
' come up for re-election. In short,
- the New Deal goes on trial before
. , ' the country. Already there Is the
V serious threat of a third party,
4 growing out of the doctrines being
(preached over the radio by Hney
' Long, Father Coughlln, etc. The
'' " ' President is perfectly familiar with
' ,thls. bnt relies on attracting enough
conservative! to his own support
, to win, and win easily.
Bat attracting these conservatives
la a precarious undertaking. The
, 'old line Republicans do not think
ho can do It That Is why they
have- been sprucing p lately. The
only question to date has been: will
the radicals scare the conserva
tives enough to turn them to Roose
velt for safety?
One i answer to this question Is:
. - not ' unless Roosevelt shows the
country that he Is really leading It
back to prosperity. Otherwise the
conservatives would not pat their
' trust in him, bat would rely on vot
ing for some Republican. Which
would mean that the radicals, with
drawing so much of Roosevelt's sap
port, woald seriously Jeopardise
. Roosevelt's chances.
Economic Menace
1 So that this threat of a strike
epidemic Is more than an economic
menace. It is a political buga
boo of darkest shade; -And no one
better then F. D. B. appreciates it
' J Which explains why shrewd ob
servers in Washington are not writ
tag off the Wagner labor relations
bill as sure to die why they are
not certain the 30-hour week bill
will not be compromised (ssy at 36
or 38 hoars), snd why there Is so
much uncertainty about NBA.
Union labor officials would rath
er have the Wagner bill than a
'continuance of NBA. Down In their
hearts, but most confidentially, they
-would far rather have the Wagner
, bill, than the 30-hour weekeven
: without compromise.
The answer to both Is simple,
but you cannot confirm the second
In public. As to preferring the
Wagner bill to NBA, the Wagner
bill wonld be permanent legisla-
,Uon. As to preferring it to the 30-
hour week, the Wagner measure
tleaves more to be done by union
'officials, whereas the 30-honr week
leaves less appeal to unorganized
.workers to Join labor unions and be
gin psylng dues.
, NBA snd the 30-hour week to
gether move directly toward an
ultimate goal which wonld sharply
" icurtall the power. Influence, need
for perquisites of onion labor lead
ers..; The government would step In
and perform most of their func
tions. It would gain for the work-
. rs what the unions now have to
' algbt with private industry to at-
' jtain. And union labor leaders an
very human. They like their Jobs
and their power and want to keep
' them.
Hits Export Trade
- ; Great Britain's highly successful
drive to compel Poland and other
- European countries to buy more
jBrltlsb goods, if Britain Is going
; to continue buying theirs, has
'- played hob with prospects for Amer
ican export trade. So - has Italy's
' " setting up of an "Amtorg" called
the National Institute for Foreign
' Trade which Is to handle all Im
ports and exports for' that country.
- This government will beyond
doubt . . denounce " Its commercial
treaties with Italy, Portugal, Den
mark and Poland In the near fn
, tare. , - Secretary of State Cordell
'.Hall, father of . reciprocal - trade
agreements as a. mean of lowering
economic barriers, has been reluct
antly forced to this position.'; -The
action would nave been taken al
ready had it not been-for the dell-
' , rate situation In Europe caused by
the war talk. There la no real hope
that any negotiations short of the
strong arm methods of treaty de-
' nunclatloo will lead to results.
- One of the effects of , discrimlns
i tlons against American goods In Eu
hope has been to boost the stock of
Gnrti R. rc ':, who stands for
al i
List au'
tic abo
land In
reluctv
slon t
me "
As i
w! ' ,
me t i ..
. iae Chrys
en; , enthuslas-
.1 t .o until Po-
. jota system, hava
a to the conclo
j t'JO forthright Peek
i accomplish anything.
i the : wbeela within
s Chrysler situation U
sstlne. Chrysler has' en-
Joyed very profitable market la
Poland, selling many American cars
there. Now Poland, under pressure
from Great Britain, has Instituted
a quota system, which win cut auto
Imports from America to the bono.
But this does not hurt General
Motors, or Ford, anything like as
much. Both have factories la Euro
pean, countries, which are not hurt
tl. ,1.. MM ' ' -Vf ' - ' Orf-
American Labor Loses
' Bat every General Motors car sold
In moat European countries. Instead
of a Chrysler,.' deprives American
workmen of Just so much - labor.
For example,' in Its. factory In Bel
gium, General Motors,' building the
Opel car, uses European made mo
tors and European ' made tires.
Whereas the Chrysler plant In Ant.
werp Is really more, a warehouse
than a factory. ' All American parts
are w'ty;h4'
Moreover, the purchase of Euro
pean made parts la not all. The
reciprocal treaty with Belgium pro
vides for a much ' greater-reduction
la the tariff on porta than the tariff
on cars. x c '
Bat the Italian situation la even
more serious, within a few weeks
her new restrictions will , bar all
American wheat and tobacco, and
will limit to 25 per cent of 1934
figures Import of American autoa.
The restriction to one-fourth of last
year's Imports applies to 200 differ
ent products I J ,-,' i ' f
On Italy's part thla la at once an
attempt to adjust her long endur
ing unfavorable' balance of .trade,
and an attempt to stimulate domes-..
tic production, But; even' 1934 ex
ports from America to Italy were
not big. They represented a very
lean year for most American ex
porters, The restriction on cotton
is expected to have repercussions
aU through the South. Meanwhile
Italy hopes either to Increase the
output of her Fiat and other anto
factories, or to encourage all Amer
ican manufacturers of cars to es
tablish branch factories In Italy.
Either of which would provide work
for Italians. . v .
Wheat Is In a different category.
Formerly the United States shipped
about 80,000,000 bushels of wheat a
year to Italy.-. With the boosting of
the tariff on wheat to protect Amer
ican farmers, from, bard Canadian
wheat ' Canada aimply took over
this market'
Annoys White House
White House irritation against
the radio companies, for permitting
Huey Long to get so much free
time. Is growing pretty hot Bat It
is not easy to make the case. To
pat it clearly and simply wonld lay
the White House open to a charge
of attempted censorship, and give
Senator Schall of Minnesota more
to talk about That was irritating
enough at tlie time. . .. . .
Bnt the fact Is that Huey's at
tacks bsve been snnoylng the ad
ministration, from the - President .
down, more than' sny other one
thing. ..-It Is not really" the Imme
diate political prospect of a third
party, at all It Is Just plain an
noyance, v
The political situation, from the
administration standpoint. Is fine.
If Huey succeeds In stirring up a
radical third party, the President,
moving slightly to the right, will
simply annex what Is left of the
old Republican party's conservative
wing. Roosevelt's re-election would
be as sure as was Hoover's defeat
last time, or inore : accurately, ' a
Taffa defeat -waa in 1912. t. -.'.--
Moreover, the Republicans have
played the . Huey - Long-Father
Coughlln game' ; ; They nave ; been
honing these malcontents would get
somewhere. They have thought that
only In a split of the President's
following could ; any . Bepubllcan
have a chance. But a radical Dem
ocrat, garnering Democratic votes
here and there, would or at least
might elect a Bepabttcan.""-' '
Thla phase of It waa au right.
with the WMte House. , t .
Too Much Free Time
: Now what burmrnp the adminis
tration Is that Long has been get
ting most of his time over the radio
for nothing.-' The - radio companies
do not like this. They are very un
easy about it They know that both
Long and Father Coughlln are-tremendous
drawing cards over , the
radio. But tbey do not like ' the
Idea of giving away time to some
one who Win produce Irritation at
the White House. , It may ; spell
trouble for them In other ways.
They would much prefer S to . cot
them, off altogether.;' ; ;
But they had agreed, some time
back, 'to give a certain amount of
time to discussions of. public ques
tions, on the theory that such use
of radio-time was educational. In
the best Interest of the country, and
a generous contribution by a pros
perous business to general welfare.
, Tbey did not originate this atti
tude, t was virtually forced on
them. Partly by the radio commis
sion and pnrOy by senators and
memlA'i'S of tlie house. '.-' ' '
Coorrlht. WND Strrlo
-
V V
By ELMO SCOTT WATSON -
trr In California -American enter
prise,' American daring and Amer
ican engineering and .construction
akin are moving forward toward a
new triumph which, wul reach Its
culmination In January, 1937, when
the greatest, bridge In the whole
world win be thrown open to traffic.
To be strictly accurate, one should
aay "the two greatest bridges In
the world,? tor there are two proj
ects under way at the aamo time in
the Saa Francisco bay region and each has cer
tain characteristics which make them pre-eminent,
among each mas-made structures. It all
depends upon what one means by "greatest."
If by "greatest" yon mean "largest" and "long
est," then It's the San Francisco-Oakland Bay
brill vonll h talklnir about. It will be eleht
and one-fourth miles long, almost three times as
long as the present world's largest and longest
bridge, that over the Firth of Forth In Scotland.
If by "greatest" yon mean the "longest suspen
sion bridge"' and the "highest bridge," -then
youm be talking snout the Goldea'Gate bridge.
the 44100-foot length of whose main span makes
It the world's outstanding suspension bridge and
whoso 750-foot towers make them the highest and
largest bridge towers ever erected, ISO feet high
er than those of the George Washington bridge
across the Hudson iirvr.'-j;'-v 't?:'
a eiuier cue it is uupoasuue w wi iu
these bridges without dealing in superlatives,
for each has la one way or another exceeded all
previous records as to slse and, taken together,
the two projects establish a record which prob
ably will not be exceeded for centuries. They
are man-made marvels on a scale so colossal
as almost to defy ' description. The ' statistics
alone are Imposing enough bnt to make them
understandable to anyone who la not an engineer
It Ir necessary to give some each comparisons
as these; ' t '
M ir-" i tuv . mmw.
bridge they are using 80,000,000 board feet of
lumber. Do yon know how much that is? Well,
it's enough to build 8,000 five-room houses, or all
the houses In a town of 15,000 people.
Have yon ever seen the city hall in Los An-
gelest or the Buss handing In San Francisco or
the I C Smith, building in Seattle? The. con
crete and steel In this bridge would make 89
such bondings as any of those three.'
It would probably be difficult for yon to vis
ualise 18,500 tons of cable wires, But If you're
told that the cable wire need in the -bridge Is
long enough. If laid end to end, to encircle the
earth nearly three times yoa'U get some Idea of
how much wire la going Into that bridge. And
the cable wire Is only a smsll part of the metal
that's beta need. The structural steeL reinforc
ing steel and cable wire necessary for the bridge
win take 8.7 per cent of the entire steel output
of the United States In the year 1933. '
You've seen 60-story skyscrapers? Well, each
Individual tower of the bridge, standing more
than 700 feet high from the base of Its pier on
the floor of the bay to Its tip, represents a con
struction Job ths equivalent - of such a , sky-
rcraper. , ( j t , . ,v j .
, . So much for the San Francisco-Oakland Bay
bridge. Now for some comparative figures on
the colossus which will spaa the famous Golden
Gate through which rushed the gold-mad argo
nauts Of 1849. Ci,, .XiH !,f
Ifs not nearly' so long as the other one but
because ifs the world's largest suspension bridge,
they had to do a lot of digging and building to
support the tremendous weight of its 430-foot
(that's more than three-quarters of a mile, yon
know 1) span.' Jj ??-H:'-
Imagine a tunnel 10 feet high, 10 feet wide
and 20 mUes long. That was the total excava
tion for the Golden Gate bridge.' a'.-avO'
If all the cement that will be used In it were
to be delivered In barrels In the ol-fashloned
wsy snd these barrels we're stacked one . on top
of another, they wonld make a pile 110 miles
high. Or, to put It another way. If aU, this, con
crete were nsed to lay a sidewalk yon and1 two
of your friends could walk abreast on that aide
walk an the way from San Francisco to New
Tork, for It would be five feet wide and 8,186
miles long.". :,v v-. ? "';Pr. 'St-kty
. Toa've been on top' of .a 22-story building?
Bemember how small the people looked on the
street down below? If you drive your automobile
across the Golden Gate bridge in 1937 aqd look
down at the people In the boat passing under
the bridge, they'U look Just aa small. ; V
And speaking of automobiles over the six
lane roadway of the bridge there could pass a
string of autonjoblies reaching from the Oregon
Una to the Mexican border and moving at the
rate of 22 miles an hour. (Sounds like a good
place for a 8unday afternoon drive If you want
to avoid traffic congestion,' doesn't It?) C
And bo matter how many automobiles were
on the . bridge at one time, there's not much
danger of the two cables which support It break
ing and letting you drop down Into the water
below. Ton see, each one Is 86 Inches In diam
eter and weighs 11,500 tons. There are 27,572
separate wires In each one end if aU the wires
were laid end to end they would reach 80,000
mlleeweU over three times around the world.
Yes, the Golden Gate bridge is LARGE and so
Is the 8an Francisco-Oakland Eay bridge. ..In
fact, the latter Is composed of two enormous
structures " H longer than I'.-v York city's
ride, t' 9 C Z9 Was!t'rv--4 t ' ' i serosa the
.'J .Li.. - -
VI'' t':
.r1 r.
I ss si ii sw - --j.
? ;i''ivrfei';'fei''4
i a.ri.i nhatfiaraoh of San Francisco bay with
an architect's drawing of ths 8sn Frsnelseo-Oak-b
hrldM drawn to seals' upon It San
Francisco is In the foreground, Yerba Buena Is
land In ths center to the left and Oakland in we
background."' ' - i
a Canatruetlen work on the Golden Oats
bridge. Looking from Toll Plaza north (San
Francisco aide) this picture shows: construction
of pylons S-1 snd S-2; south pier and fender wall
completed 1,125 feet from the shore at Fort point;
8 an Francisco tower construction, now 280 feet
above the water with about 8,000 tone or ateei in
position and SO per osiit completed. Across the
waters of the Golden Gate can be seen the com
pleted Marin tower standing 750 feet above the
water. The hills In the background belong to
Marin county. Thla tower Is located at Urns
point :r'('i-A,:-fJ-i''i
3. The Golden Gate bridge as It will look when
completed In 1937. San Francisco and the metro
politan area In the background. , .;.' , v .
4. The last leg on the Marin tower, looking up
to Its great height of 750 feet The steel supports
at Its side are for sidewalks which will be 290
feet above the water.. . . t .
Hudson. It Is a combination suspension ' bridge
between Blncon hill In San Francisco and Yerba
Buena Island out In the middle of the bay and'
a cantilever bridge between the Island and Oak-.
land, Yerba Buena Island win be crossed through
the largest vehicular tunnel In the world, the
bore being 76 feet wide and 68 feet high.
The Bay bridge proper, including the island
crossing, wlU. be approximately four' and one
half miles long but Its total length from the
end of the . western approach to the end of the
eastern approach -will be eight and one-fourth
miles long. The bridge will bo a double-deck
structure with six lanes of automobile traffic on
the. upper deck and three lanes of trucks, plus
two lnterurban-tracks on the-lower deck, j
The building of this bridge Involved some of
the moat difficult -engineering problems ever at
tempted Jty roan, Never before has a bridge
been reared above piers which were sank, by the
caisson method from the surface of the water
down through both mud and water to rock bot
tom, sight unseen. Never before hsve suspen
sion towers reared themselves ("lifted by their
own ' boot-straps,", one. might say) ' until their
hollow steel frames rose 605 feet above the wa
ter and. their concrete bases sank in some cases
235 feet; below water leveL'?:X'i'';.i''.',rrti:
No other bridge yet built has called for so
many piers, 61 In number.- In fact, It Was the
belief for more than half a century that lack of
adequate foundations In the bay for piers, as
well as the impossibility of Stretching a span
from Yerba Buena to . San Francisco, would pre
vent the bay from, being bridged. . But in 1929 a
survey of the- bottom of the bay, directed by
state engineers, revealed at high ridge of bed
rock extending between San Francisco and the
Island which would provide a foundation at
higher levels .than surrounding ; bedrock and
make a practicable route. The water along this
route Is from SO to 106 feet deep and bedrock
lies from 100 to 200 feet below the mud. on the
bottom of the Ny.W.':V Mv?-4 a--
So the most serious problem wss the work
below the water, level and the building of the
live major,' piers between the Island " and: San
Francisco. Because of the depth of the water
and the mad, "sand-hogs" ss underwater labor
ers -are called' who Work in pressure chambers
to clear away the mud to the rock bottom, could
not be used. The solution of the problem was in
a compressed air-flotatlon caisson method which
enabled the bridge builders for the first time to
construct their' piers-from the surface of the
water down, using the Jaws of huge clamshell
backets Instead of men to do the excavating.
Each caisson consists of a cluster, of huge steel
tubes 15 feet in diameter, held, together by an
outer casing. Compressed sir made the caisson
buoyant as It was towed Into place and an
chored.' In the apace between the tubes, con
crete was' poured, forming an . enormous box
something like an egg carton,! except that the
openings were round. Each tube was sealed with
an airtight cap. 'The concrete poured around the
tubes caused the caisson to sink slowly rod as
It sank additional lengths were added to thd
tubes and more concrete poured around them.
When the bottom of the caisson sank to the
mud In the bottom of the bay, a steel cutting
edge pushed down through the mud. The caps
were cut off the tubes and dredge buckets were
dropped down through, them to scoop out the
mud below the caisson. Gradually each caisson
was worked down through the mud to rock bot
tom, 1 1 one Ciwe 235 feet below the surface of
the Y-" r. Thus the piifi were liillfc ;. .
JTftMPfl4 on to. orCAbiiT"
Another problem was the two-mile suspension
between San Francisco and Terba Buena which
had been deemed impossible. 8o the engineers
decided upon two suspension spans In tandem.
anchored In the middle of the bay -to a gigantic
pier. It U 197 feet long (nearly 60 yards) by
92 feet, wide and rises 60S feet from the rock
bottomof the bay, nearly twice as large as the
biggest Skyscraper In San Francisco, Since the
ktwo spans are anchored to this, tbey actually pall
against each other. The San Francisco anchor-
ago la a huge mass of concrete containing 68,-
000 cubic ards of cement v, , '. ;i J -. i. rt
In spuming the cables tne entire tu.ow mues
of cable are pulled in place by shuttle wheels
which, ron over the towers aU the way from
San Francisco-to the concrete center anchorage
on the west, suspension bridge and from the
center anchorage to Yerba Buena on ..the east
suspension' bridge. Spinning the; cables is by
far the most protracted Job on the bridge and
win require a year. Each piece of wire, in the
cable Is approximately two miles long.. A total
of . 84,908 strands must be drawn over .the sus
pension towers. Each cable win exert a puU of.
38,000,000 pounds against Its anchorage in San
Francisco and Terba Bnena Jalan&.SKYi
Just as the building of the Bay bridge pre;
sonts knotty problems , to be solved, so does the
building of the Golden Gate bridge bring up dif
ficulties never before encountered In such work.
Outstanding among these were the great length
of .the suspension span, more than twice that of
any previously, attempted and the difficulty of
erecting : a foundation for the tower to support
the', south ' span because of the depth of the
water end the swirling of the tide in the open
ocean waters at . the Qolden Gate,, s"
But 100 feet offshore at a depth of loo feet
an adequate foundation formation, was discov
ered although the water here Is constantly tur
bulent because of the seven-mile-an-hour" tide
which constanUy sweeps in and out through the
Golden Gate. ,At times breakers' 20 feet, high
crash over this point First It was necessary to
level off the site for this pier by blasting rock
over an area of approximately ; an acre under
water, after which the rock was dredged np,
carried out and dumped In the sea. ; .i (C;j.
Construction of the pier, the first ever attempt
ed in the open ocean swept by the tides, was
made possible only by tne erecuon or a giant
concrete, fender, 750 feet 'In circumference,
around the pier site, an original idea never be
fore trled'This fender is being built in sections.
First a huge steel box is lowered into flace on
the bottom, after which it is bolted to adjoining
boxes by deep-sea ' divers, working in ; complete
darkness. Then concrete Is poured into the boxes,
Gradually the structure Is built up until Its top.
rim Is fifteen feet above high .water. The east
wau ot tne render m omittea . aoove eievauon
until the enormous aUson, to be sunk and
filled with concrete for the pier Itself, Is floated
Into place inside the fender. Then the fender
will, be completed, and. the builders will have
quiet water unaffected by tides Inside the fender
In which to complete the pier. The fender will
serve as a permanent protection to the pier when
the bridge Is completed. ' " v ' .:
Meantime, the Marin tower, built on solid rock
above the water line, was completed ahead of
program. Its slender steel columns rise above a
foundation of concrete, embedded in the rock.
The tower Is of cellular steel construction, the
Inside being a veritable labyrinth of chambers
In which even the designer could be lost without
bis charts.' . Steel ladders .connect the hundreds
of chambers from the foundation to the top of
the tower, 748 feet high. ' r. : ' K'1'
The twin anchorage blocks which support the
weight of the world's longest suspension span
are enormous solid concrete masses, weighing
64,000 tons each, so constructed that they push
against solid rock when supporting the cables.
The cable pull at each anchorage Is 63,000,000
pounds, but the anchorage block has a resistance
sufficient to support two Golden Gate bridges.
Retween the piers and the anchorage blocks are
supporting pylons f r the e !;! s and the bridge.
Airplanes of the i
sembie winged roelu ,
to M. Louis Breguet, the 1
plane constructor, Ti -.
merclal planes, . be--say,
a heavy wing, loading T
pounds per square foot, v.
Increasing the lift cons:
and ground brakes, and r
and light engines moderaU y i
charged. There will be a
use of altitudes of -fights i.
ceedlng 13.000 feet The r
also will have comfortable t
heated, and when necessary, t -piled
with oxygen. t
Week's Supply of Postuo I . i
i Bead the offer made by the r i
Company In another part of th j j
per, They will send a fuU week's f -ply
of health giving Postum fwe U
anyone who writes for It Adv.
," ' Atricvltnre DispUcedl
Agriculture, long the leading em
ployer In Florida,. now ranks In f
ond place because of the expan a
of manufacturing and mechanical In
dustries, reports the University cf
Florida. i - -
'you cw
o::ly
what you plant
All tLe sunshine, good soil,
fertilizer and cultivation in
. the world won't help poor
seeds produce big, tender,
flavorsome vegetables. The'
quality must be in the seed.
'And that qualitymust be in
herited from generations of
parent plants and seeds of '
the same quality Ferry s
Vegetable Seeds are pnre
bred. They reproduce what
"their parents and great
r great grandparents so lav
iably bequeathed them.
cuia: TiSu:?
freRi Hcsiiburn .
l7 chawing on or "
1 - mora Llilnesia Wafers
Samf far ea Mfi f fberal snnV-rr."I
SBXJECT PRODUCTS, hm, 44a I
Met, Lens; Island City, hew vr
INDIGESTION, GAS
,. Mrs. Kathern Nnttr
el 25 E.Waahinston bt.,
Crafton, W. Va., ":
'.'I had a poor owt.
and mr digaMon - a
bad certain food I
could not cat wittm-it
dirtnw. Alter taVi-.u i -r.
Plem's Golden A
Placovery a short Ui
1 could eat nnvtlilns t
TIIfmI without bii.s o
. Set, and I have atnee beea Cn tlie bat ul i. ".
Newdw. Ubleu SOc. liquid 10O. Wn. -r.
, Hens' Clliiic.Bufiak,N.Y, far free euviv. ,
c on T n E 0 L E 0
yopn nDnEC!
IP your kidneys are not working
right and yon suffer ', backaciiu,
dizziness, ' burning, scanty or t
frequent urination, swollen feet av 1
ankles; feel lame, stiff, "all .tired
' out" ... use Boon's PHI.
'i Thousands ' rely upon 'Doan's.
They are praised the country over.
Get Boon's P(K today. For sale Li'
all druggists,
Donn'o
"Pi
II i l
Wimrm "0i -- f.
WMMfworknir P'nt B'"l V
Id er iu en, Cociiecurut. (..mi,
Buiidinaf bj t it, ,rtvi'lm
portunt'y. -'i. A sjv"
Jurtwr as tlie ouiy effective way of