Editorial And Opinion
Hodges Was Impressive
w hatever may. transpire during this week's momentous I
session of the General Assembly, we saw in 'Governor Hodges
on Monday night one ol die most impressive examples»of
gubernatorial leadership North Carolina has seen in many
a year. Possibly for the first time, it seemed to us, the lull
force of the present Governor s powers of leadership and per
suasion were brought to the fore and Hodges the man took
several giant ste{ts forward in the estimation'ol many ob
servers. - '
The governors sincerity and vigor, as wpll as the well
thought-out jnoposals, ate bound to increase the man s sta
ture and give indication that he undoubtedly will go down
as one of the great governors ol our time.
Labor's Mistake
* Automation is a new word added to our national1 vo- .
cabulary.
- Although it is not fnctyded in our old fashioned dic
tionary, we presume it means the practice or ability to do
almost everv thing by machines automatically. It is not a new
concept, it this is so. As one writer in a national magazine
recently wrote, there are now machines for "fetching, carry
ing. lilting, dumping, making, shifting, sorting, pushing,
pulling, tacking, arranging, filing, writing, anil remember
ing." In short, labor saving, and efficiency dev ices ate'with
its. Automation is here with a vengeance.
Labor sihuiId rejoice. Instead, looking at the transi
tions they must make, they strike. I hey" should rejoice be
ca’use: 1
i- Automation means a higher standard ol living for
the laborer himself, because he will lie able to produce more
per hour, and should receive metre.*-■
• . •
' 2. Automation will mean a higher standard of living
to him as a consumer because he will be able to buy units
cheaper, since they have been produced more efficiently.
, 3- Automation will require more education, less man
ual labor. It will save him the hard, dirty, repetitious jobs,
and instead challenge him to be able to serve as a skilled work
man, or, at best .an engineer.
4. Automation means an upgrading for the whole
economy, savings in every area, more for the money, more
‘ production, greater national product, greater opportunities
for work, expansion ofdocal and w'orld trade, and the in
crease of opportunities and the expansion of life for all men,
as well as^tite increase of l#tyre time. It shoe rid infcafr the
growth and expansion of man’s abilities, his understanding,
and Ins-use of his talents. —- , s
Autonation means the worker will have to accept the
challenge i ike advantage of'his learning opportunities, and
move air ad to take his part in the industrial age. Just as we
need fewer farmers and more engineers; sb we need fewer
unskilled workers, and more trained, educated craftsmen
and specialized operators; . , ..- -
.. — -* ' *
• * 7" ~ ~ .
What About Symbolic Symbols?
There was ,! time, when the donkey and the elephant, as
party symbols, were young The cion key: was a homebqdy,
then, clear ,to TTic ItcaiVof rurarAmeric a; in contrast, The ele
phant liaiioiie-mal glamor.. This time, alas, has passed: never
theless. the donkev and* the-elephant, these two ubiquitous
^ totems^ sist^ys *yjtuUols. tluty;j^ii*e^beeu I'om tc>* frazzle.-- -.
We cannot hut feel rebellious when we see these |>oor.
animals overworked every day in the newspapers.
The time must come when some enterprising cartoonist
shall 'invent new symbols to-represent the twd major protago-'
nists-.of American public opinion. And some optimistic edi
tor will publish the cartoon. We anticipate symbols that
would make us feel that the leaders of our political parties
are perha|>s intelligent, maybe dignified, possibly human,
and not just coy. victimized, or baffled.
• ' ' •- 7~ .'-j--. .. ■ _
Qn Changing Times,
U’ith the national government getting primed and (Stoked
to distribute « billion in Soil Bank benefits, students of his
tory can have a field day discussing generally and specifical
ly at least one drastic change in national attitudes. For, it
is within the memory of some of them that Grover Cleve
land vetoed a $10,000 appropriation to buy seed for farmers
who had been wiped oiil, remarking in effect: The people
should support the government, not the. .government the
people! ’ r v
-----1-;-1-^ - ' * /ti " - ’
of i;'..
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Tar Heel
PEOPLE
& ISSUES
by
Cliff Blue
HONEST REPORT . . . This
column was told by 4 leading Tar
Hell politician a few days ago
that Ralph Gardner’s “honest;’
report of his campaign expendi
ture.! in his race for congress in
the first primary was what caus
ed his defeat in the run-off by
Basil Whitener who trailed in the
May 26 primary. While the Gard
ner family is wealthy, it seems,
that the People didn't like Ralph’s
idea of being so open and above
board with money and cam
paign expenses.
UNUSUAL ... The Gardner re
port was unusual. Candidates of
ten ffle only very incomplete re
ports. In many instances other
people handle the money so as to
keep the candidate in the clear.
In some sections of the state
money plays a much larger part
than t,n others. In many counties
only a very modest amount of
money is spent. Generally, in the
heavily populated centers, the
candidates feel that big money is
a must. Frankly, we thing over
half the money spent in political
campaigns is green back thrown
away.
COOLEY ... A few people in
North Carolina nave been at
tempting to get a boom started
for Harold Cooley for Vice Presi;
dent. Few people in far Heelia
feel that the dean of the Tar
Heel congressional delegation ha*
a ghost of a chance for the No.
2 spot. His only chance blight
be if Harriman were to win the
nomination. Cooley, who refused
to sign either of the Southern
manifestos introduced the New
York Governor at the Asheboro
Yt>C rally when most other Tar
Heel heavyweight politician* were
boycotting "Honest Ave.”
MECKLENBURG . . We have
heard talk that Ed O’Herron of
Charlotte might run as an inde
pendent for the House this fall.
Mecklenburg Democratic leaders
feel that O’Herren is too smar!
a man to do such a thing. Should
he run awl aiq._he wUL.fr*i»A
down the wrath of the County
and State party leaders on him
self and might be ostracized in
the House committee chairman
ship assignments In the General
Assembly.
NOT MOVING . . . Recently,
Congressman Cooley was plann
ing to move his officesJn-Wash
ington from the Old to the New
House Office .. Building, ..which ■
would fiabe given him larger-and
more elegant quarters, and by
reason of hi* long tenure in Con
gress and his prestige as Chair
man of the House Committee on
Agriculture, he was entitled to
the best. But we understand Mr.
Cooley isn’t going to move his
office after all. The/eason: Con
gressman Adam Clayton Powell,
Negro from New York, was all
set to move into Cooley’s old
quarters as soon as he moved to
the new. Cooley’* friends around
him in his old office, mostly
Southern members of Congress,
prevailed on the Tar If eel Con
gressman not to move in order to
keep >bvroll ouf! so ffaro|<f is
staying on'with his oldvneighbor*.
RAppfl scprr t.. S e n at 0 r
Ralph Scop from Alamance Coun
ty may pe speaking the senti
ments of a good many legisla
tors. Last week he criticized the
Hodgjfe- pearsall school pro
posal, Jwt said l16 would v<de
for the p)an in the Special Sess
ion this week in order that the
people might express themsel
ves in the referendum on the
proposed constitutional amend
ment. Scop said he feu pie S|ta,te
should obligate l'tselj to pay the
full cost of tuition in private
schools for those who ojbjec.t to
attending a mixed school.
14TH AMENPMENT . . . U. S.
News and World Report had a
couple of interesting articles on
the 14th Amendment to the Fed
eral Constitution in its July 20
issue whiqh certainly makes in
teresting reading in view ©f the
Supreme Court’s segregation de
cision. One is entitled, “Was
the 14th Amendment Ever Real
ly ‘Ratified’?” and the' other,
/Light, M^re Light'
VrfgSSE it
Walt Partymiller In. The York Gazette & Daily
SENATOR
SAM ERVIN
* SAY5 » j
WASHINGTON — The Senate
last week defeated the controver
sial Hells Canyon bill by a vote
of 51-41.
Halls Canyon
-I voted against the bill for the
Federally constructed dam on the
Snake River in Idaho. You ar.e-^n
titled to know the reasons for
my vote.
Abraham Lincoln had a re
markable facility for saying things
briefly and effectively. As quoted
.by Nicholay and Hay, Lincoln
said this:
The legitimate object of gov
ernment is to do for the people
what needs to be done but which
they cannot by individual effort
do at all or do so well by them
selves.
Lincoln’s wordJ are applicable
jto the Hells Canyon question.
Power Issue
The Federal Power Commission
was created by Congress to li
cense power dam^ according (ik
law. The Commission has given
a license to the Idaho Power 'Com
pany to construct privately own
ed power dams on the Shake
River. Its action created a major
politic'31 controversy ip’an area
which ought to have been settled
on an engineering rather than a
political basij. >
The Federal Government-, has
aided ia a number of worthwhile -
projects which the people could
not otherwise have obtained for
themselves. This observation-;.is .
illustrated ih the finest way by
the REA. which I have always ad
vocated and supported because It
provides for the people that
wh^cjj they could .j^n»ffe^for..
fhefnselves. It is a proper role
oi government. But 1 could not
support Federal construction of
Hell's Canyon dam when it could
be done by private industry regu
lated by law.
Basic Coda
In a legislative body it' is dif
ficult to reflect by one’s vote his
exact and specific principles. This'
is true because the role of gov
ernment has broad and general
policies. The tags of "liberal’’ and
‘•conservative’’ are vague connota
tion- too general to be determin
ed by any single vote. For ex
ample, my vote against the Na
tural Gas Bill earlier in this sess
ion would alone perhaps classify
me as a liberal; the vote lad
week on Hell’s Canyon, tajken
•lone, would tag nut, as a conser
vative. I do not attempt to weigh
pending legislation on the basis
of. whether it falls in otic dr the
other political category, but sim
ply on the philosophy of govern
ment "to do for the people what
needs to be done but which they
can not by individual effort do
at all or do so well by them
selves.”
^Roii Changes
It is obvious that the'govern-'
ment, local. State and Federal,
must of necessity grow with the
people -in their search for a bet
ter life. Here is a logical place to ,
refer to my support of more lib
eralized.. Social Security whiefc
pa \jed the Senate. It is not wrong
to provide security wtthin reason
to the people of the country. It
does not violate m^ fundamental
priqciple.'as enunciated previous— -
ly in the article.
... ■ HQ i . — ^ _
"The Dubious Origin of The 14th
Amendment" —
CAR SALES OFF*. New au
tomobile and truck registrations
were off considerable in June,
.1836. as compared with June,
l»o5 In June, 1955 11,424 new
cars were registered and 2.067
trucks as compared with 8.858
cars and 1.543 truck* for June,
1956
Newjtar registrations for June
1956 were as follows: Chevrolet'
2591, ford 24.14, Phymouth 738,
Buick'677, Oldsmobile 591. Pon
tiac 531, Mercury 373, Dodge
237, Cadillac 156, Chrysler 153,
DeSoto 98, Studebaker 84. Nash
62, Packard 34, Hudson 35, Lin
clon 32, Imperial 6, Willys 6, Con
tinental 1; foreign makes 39.
New truck registrations for
June were: Chevrolet 551, Ford
473, International 151, CMC' 129,
Dodge 103, Diamond T 28. Mafic
24, Willys 22, White 21, Stude
baker 19, Reo 12, Divco 3, Auto
car 2; miscellaneous makes 13.
With the surplus and over-pro
duction of new automobiles and
trucks, the steel strike is not
expected to worry the auto mak
ers so far as production Ls 6bn
cerned. However, the advance in\
steel prices to offset pay^rafises |
for the steel workers will be felt
by the automobile manufacturers
and then the buying public.
U. S. Savings Bonds are called
"the indestructible, investment" be>
cause even if a bond is lo.,-l stolen,
damaged, or destroyed completely,
the Treasury Department'will re
place it.
Hold Those Horses
Anybody who wonders at the
urge toward automotive speed
among young,sters might read
closely some of- the latest adver
tisements coming from Detroit.
“• . . again proves nobody out
performs Ford," says one. ‘‘Man,
it's dynamite!” says another of
the new Dodge. “Now the hot
one is even hotter,” Chevrolet
has said. These are just samples
■from the Big Three of auto man
ufacturing. AH- are boasting of
horsepower and • performances
which might or might not be safe
on a race track but which would
be the next thing to suicide for
the average motorist to whom
these advertisements are ad
dressed.
The tact is that automotive
power and speed are daily be
ing impressed on tjie national
conscience, and Detroit still tries
to impress those who have re
sisted. This includes Dad assail
as Junior. Hence the highway
delinquency problem is far from
strictly juvenile. And the horse
power bombardment does not
help-—St. Louis Post-Dispatch
V ■ "
Why people store^valuable papers
in a stove or an oven is a mystery
to the Treasury Department. Ever
so often it replaces a Savings Bond
that has been roasted in that way.
No matter what happens, your
bonds are an indestructible invest
ment. ^
Consumers would buy more dew
berries if they were packed in
pint 'rather •than quart boxes, a
State College study shows.
r • . . ■* /
Garden Time
Robert Schmidt
At this time bf the year we
usually have a lot of complaints,
that tomatoes are rotting on the
lower side of blossom end of the
fruit. ,
This condition occurs on small
green fruits as well as on fruits
almost ripe. This is not an or
ganic disease bnt rather a phys
iological condition known as
blossom-end rot. It appears to
be caused or at least aggravated
by extremes in weather condi
tions—either by. periods of dry
weather or periods of excessive
rainfall. In periods of dry weath
er it can be held in check by
providing irrigation: however,
don’t wait until you have lost a
large percentage of your toma
toes, but irrigate as soon as lack
of sufficient moisture is evident
.Mulching plahts with a deep
layer of straw will prevent loss
of moisture from the soil and
will cut down on the amount of
blossom-end pot.
In the mountain area it will be
nesessary to control late blight
if you wish to be successful with
tomatoes. This is the same dis
ease that- attacks Irish potatoes.
Use a copper spray such as tri
well covered.
Don’t forget to prepare for a
good fall garden. Jf you have not
alrpary done so, sow seed as soon
as possible for broccoli, cauli
flower, collard and cabbage
plants. These may be grown in
flats or boxes for transplanting
to pots or tin cans for later trans
planting .fo the field. Broccoli
and cauliflower require more
boron than ls^found. in most oj
our -soils. Bfircm deficiency*
causes hollow stems and an in
ternal browning. To prevent
this, mix two level tablespoo.ns
ful of common borax with the
fertilizer for 100 feet of row.
Three good fall garden crops
are . Chinese cabSage, -.kohlrabi
and leaf lettuce. These.crops are
not found commonly, enough ill
our fall gardens Head lettuce
does not do as well in the fall
as leaf lettuce A good variety
is “Salad Bowl”.
There is. still lime to plant
bush snapbeans and small but
terbeans for a fall crop. Try
One North Carolina Viewppint ^
\ Living With Court Decision
ay REED SARRATT
Executive Editor; Winston-Salatn
(Excerpts from a speech be
fore the Conference on Public
Issues at Illinois State Normal
University.)
I believe that the South can
live with the Supreme Court’s
decision without doing violence
J either to the decision or to its
own customs and traditions. You
may ask ask how this is possi
ble. My answer is. Through full
compliance with the court’s, man
date by removing race as a fac
tor in assigning pupils to schools
Wherever a gradual approach
■ is needed, both the timing and
the location of the changes are
important - considerations' If the
i transition is to go as smoothly
an.d effectively as possible, <plan§
must be laid witji considerable
' thought and with proper atten
tion to the sequence in whicji
successive steps will^ be taken.
This planning can best be done
by the school,autfiorities working
closely with cltizep advisolry
groups composed of stable peo
ple who are as nearly impartial
as possible*
Groups such as the JVAACP
are1 clearly entitled to bring
court action and have ' every
right to make their proposals,
but they certainly cannot be con
sidered impartial, and they have
no responsibility for over-all
Educational planning.
Of overriding importance to
the future of public schools and
interracial good will in the South
will"" be community attitudes.
.Where the attitude is one of de
fiance of the Supreme Court and
a determination to maintain
legally enforced segregation, the
incentive to gain admittance to
white schools will be strong.
Where there is apparent willing
ness to comply with the court’s"
order and a desire to work out
harmonious methods of compli
ance without upsetting deep
rooted customs, the incentive to
force admittance {9, white schools
will be missing.
All that the courts require ,is
that no child shall be excluded
because of race from a school
which he otherwise Is qualified
to attend. The southern states,
in my opinion, can remove race
as a factor in assigning children
to schools without causing much
position, of the student bodies' in
their schools: ^ believe that, given
achoice,' free of discrimination or
intimidation, the vast majority of
Negro children would continue
to attend schools with exclusively
student bodies. 1 ■
1 lay no claim to knowing what
is in the collective Negrff jniod.
But I doubt that Very many, if
any,- Negroes -object Jo -going to
schools attended exclusively by ’
othee. member* mI their.jracfr^C
doubt, too. that. very many, if "
any. Negroes have any burning
desire to attend schools with
.. ’TTPfhers of the white race mere
ly to be in the same school with
whites. .
1 do- Believe that most Negroes
probably object strenuously to
being REQUIRED to ’ go to
schools limUed to their own race.
They, do nof like the stigma that
" a(!e’ Tendergreen, Seminole or
Topcrop varieties of snapbeans
and Henderson Bush or White
BUtterpea of the small butter
beans.
lournai and Twin City Santii*
attaches to he implication
they are inferior. The protK
not so much against n,
schools as it is against enfot
segregation_
•If the southern states conti
their efforts to provide «
schools for Negroes, their chai
of maintaining separate sdj
will be much better. Givei
choice between a good
school and an inferior N(
school, the Negro etyld a|J
parents are much more li]
to choose the mixed school
if tn« Negro school is as goo<
the white school, they probi
-will prefer the Negro school.
A n^mbei of ether factors',
tend to keep .the schools se
gated, in the absence of if
.(impulsion..
afripther factor is that of r
dence. Most children, whet
white or Negro, attend” sch
which are. nearest their hoi
This practice -probably will (
tiue, at least in the cities.
Then, too, the Negroes hav
vested interest in their scho
The faculties, the administral
officials, the students and
Negro community have gaine
great deal through the devel
ment of fine Negro schools. T
will not relinquish these gi
lightly! provided they can h
tljem with honor and pride.
No matter how many Ne
children attend schools «
white children, social patte
which have governed relati
between the races should not
expected to change. If there
any change, it will be slow. 1
best evidence of that is to
found in those states wh
there is, and has been, no le
segregation of tjie races in
public schools. The courts
force the removal of legal 1
riers. to Negroes, but the eon
cannot dictate -'the social pt
tices of (be people. Social beh
ior is a matter of indindi
choice.
In the segregation slates
perience with biracial stiidi
bodies in the public* schools
limited to the last two jei
By the end of. the 1955-56 sdv
year, 537, or 11 per cent, oil
4,700 school districts haw
Negro pupils had started ora
pleted the. process of desegrt
tion. These districts were inj
border states. Affbgelte'r'"aS
256,000 Negro children, ah
10 per cent of the total in
region; were attending mil
classes.'
Desegregation has brought
problems; But. on the "hole,
has been accomplished with
incident. You can name
''trouble spots" on the finj
of One hand —, SI Ward. H«
Greenbrier, Washington, ,Bi
more. If there art others. U
have escaped my attention. £
where the experience in the-P
lie schools has been compw*
to that in the colleges and i
yersities. The outbursts of i»
racial friction^ which desegn
"tion spawned' in'Washington ii
Baltimore subsided quickly
The real trouble, the gre*1
tension, is to be found in ®
areas which are defiantly det*
ined to keep their schools ■
regated, despite the Supn
Court’s decision Relati'd *
prevails in those "eoHtm®“
which are- attempting to *
out the best methods for cl
plying with the decision
Not A Very Good Record