RELIGION WITHOUT BIGOTRY, ZEAL WITHOUT FANATICISM, LIBERTY WITHOUT LICENTIOUSNESS.”
VOL. XXIV. SUFFOLK, VA., FRIDAY, APRIL 21, 1871.
NO, 12.
■The Christian Sun.
Devoted to Religion, Morality, -Temperance,
Literature, Nfcvrs, and the support of the princi
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JSY IiEV. J. ItAVKNL’OKT BEACKWKU,, A. M.
j(o. a.
Failing to find i‘n"Soripture any evidence
that the Apostles left successors in the
Church, endowed with their peculiar pre
rogatives, let us turn to the primitive
church, and sec if the Bishops ther^tound,
were of the apostolic rank, or superior in
Ortfcr to presbyters. Whence camb tha'
officer to whom the title “Bishop” was af
ter a time restricted? Tire Apostles up
|)oiufed elders in the churches, spoke of
riders who •‘ruled well,’’ elders with ••min
istered'iu word and dootrkio ns worthy of
double houor,” hut sahl not one word about
'jbishons as distinguished from eiders, not
•one word about making arrangements for
leaving the government ut the Church in
‘t he hands ofsucli superior officers. Strange ;
Ohnld this have' been the ease possibly if
the bishop were indeed the source of all
uifftliorrty in the Church, aud the medium
of divine blesslug ? Dr. ICi• to says, “The
bishops did not come forward as successors
of'the Apostles, but were developed out of
the pfissbytsw."' We’shall give only a few
of tbeauthorilies at hand in. confirmation
tit this point,. First, Jerome, and we shall
quote from Hooker, the great,champion of
Episcopacy. Jerome says, speaking of the
■ origin "of that office, “Till through instinct
of the pevil, there grew in the church fac
tions, and among the people it began to be
professed, I am of Paul, I of Apolios, &c ;
churches were governed bv the common
advice of presbyters; but when everyone
began to reckon those whom himself bad
baptized, his owu and nut Christ’s, it was
decreed iu the whole world that ooo chosen
out jjf the presbyters should be placed
above the rest, to whom all care Of the
Cbufth should belong, and so the seeds of
schism be removed ” Again he says,
speaking of tdders, “Betwood whom aud
bishops there was at first, for a time, no dif
ference, ueilhor iu authority or in title —
And whereas afterwarils schisms and con
tentions made it necesary that some one
'. should be placed over thorn, by which oc
casion the title of bishop became proper to
that cue.” To the same purpose ho^con
tioues, “As therefore presbyters know that
the custom of the Church makes them sub
ject to the bishop which is set over them,
so let bishops know that custom, ratlutrthan
the truth of any ordinance of the Lord,
makfth them greater than the rest, and that
with comnion advice they ought to govern
the Church.’’ Bishop StiHingfleet gives the
6ame aneount of the origin, in the primi
tive Cuureh, of this officer called Bishop
lie smus up all 'hat Jerome—ooo of the
most distinguished and reliable of the Lat
in Fathers, has said on this subject to this
effect / “When tin Apostles were do
ceased, and the main power left in the pres
byteries,the several presbyters, enjoying an
espial power among themselves, as there
were many in ouc city, great occasion was
given for many schisms, partly by the ban
dying of thc.presbyters, one against another,
partly by the sidings ol the people with some
against the rest, partly by the too common
use of the power of ordinations in presby
ters, ordaining those who were of their
party, thus to increase their influence;
-when the wiser and graver sort considered
the abuses arising thence, they unanimously
agreed to change one oat of their number
and devolve the exercise of ordination and
jurisdiction on hi®; yet so as he act noth
ing of importance, without the consent of
the presbyters, who were still to be as the
common council of the Bishop.”—Irenioum
307 p. Tho learned Grotius takes the
same view. Tie says St. Paul teaches that
the churches were governed by,the common
council of the presbyters. lie states that
tho custom of the Church to appoint, a bishop,
begau at Alexandria after the death of
Mark, and thenoo extended to other ehurfth
and that there was not yet a bishop of
Corinth when Clemens wrote his epistle to
the church in that city.—Irenioum 305 p.
Peter King, Lord High Chancellor of Eng
land. gives us an “Inquiry ioto tho Prim
itive Churoh,” during the first three hun
dred years after Christ. By a great varietg
of quotations from the Fathers UDd authors
church had its bishop, and the bishop had
only one church. That even tho greatest
churches of Antioch, Home and Carthage,
during the whole 300 years after Christ,
“never branched themselves into several
particular congregations.” That the bishop
was the pastor to his entire church, lie
preached to them, baptized, administered to
them the Lord’s Supper, took care of the
poor, ordained ministers, governed the flock,
&o. That his flock had only one house of
Worship, one altar, all met together at one
time and plaeo, prayed together, received
the sacrament together, dispatched ohurch
affairs of all kinds together, the laity and
olergy all mooting together even for the
elcotiou of tlioir bishopj. That the district
of a bishop was net called a dioscce, but a
of that period, he shows
parish, ..paroilf«b, “tt, dwell mur, to be
ne;gbb<»r.” That the ciders could perform
j no eoolesiaslieal function without permission
from the bi.-hop, hut with the permission
of the lo-hup the elders could perform the
whole office of a bishop, “that ibov bud
the inherent right to perform the whale
office of a bishop.” lin.ik at these facts.
The elder can do nothing without the
bishops's permission, but with that permis
sion, performs the whole office of hialiop.
\\ hat is that Wider V He must lie a Bishop
without a church, a curate,, equal in order
to the rector, but having no charge of his
own, can do nothing in the parish without
.consent of the rector. And what is this
Bishop? Manifestly a rector of the pa.ish
ouly, an older appointed to the chief place
by his equals, tu prevent disorder, schisms.
&c.
We have before ns on elaborate pamphlet
by a Presbyter of the Diocese of Maryland
Among other things he a-lts the question,
“Did the Apostles transmit their peculiar
Dower and authority to another body of
men, wlfo were to succeed them ?” and in
reply, suys, “I unhesitatingly-answer, (/icy
did." This frankness is commendable
lie girdseon his armor bravely and inarches
promptly to the issue Dot us see how he
demeans himself iu the fight.
lie says, (1) “they communicated to an
other body of men the power of the keys :
that is, of admitting or excluding members
from the church of God As members of
the church were admitted by baptism, noth
ing need bo said on that point.” He then
refofs to ^itas iii.- 10. “A man that is a
heretic after the first and second admonition,
reject,” and to 1 Tim. v : 10. “Against
an elder receive not an accusation, but be
fore two: or three witnesses,” in proof that
Paul committed to others the p.• -vri■ r of ex
cluding members and ministers.
The first part of this -statement is simply
that the Apostles .committed to others the
right to receive into the church by bar
tism. But is file reception of members into
the church, by baptism one of the jnvuliur
rights of the Apostles ? See Philip. Acts
viii: 38, and Pettr in the house of Corne
lius. Acts x; 4S. Nor docs the Apostle
intend by these instructions to grant to
litus and Timothy the right individually
to expel members end ministers frmn the
church. Christ directs, when the wrong is
against an individual, that the offence id
(he wrong doer be first, told privately to the
offender, then in presence of witnesses, and
finally to the church before Lo is to be cast
off. lu reference to the incestuous person,
I Cor. v : 3, 5, Paul himself requires the
co-operation of the’ chinch in his expulsion,
“when ye are gathered together and my
spirit, with the power of our Lord, to de
liver such an one uuto Satan.”, lie-does
not write I deliver to SaHin, but “when ye
are gathered together, ilic.” If Paul grant
ltd to Timoty or Titus the right to expel
members lind ministers unaided, he did in
deed confer very strong apostolic preroga
tive All chat can fairly be inferred from
the Apostle’s language is the right to regu
late and preside at the trials of the disor
derly—to regulate by rule laid down iu his
letters. To preside at and regulate trials
according to law, is surely not oae.of the
peculiar'privileges of an Apostle. If the
church exists and'has discipline, sonic one
must preside at trials, and because . Paul
designates some one this is no evidence that
he is making Apostles. Nor is there the
slightest proof that Titus and Timothy were
mdtb than Eiders. Cannot an Elder pre
side at the trial of an Elder and obey the
injunction “Against an eider receive not an
accusation, but before two or three witness
es.” These evidently were not Apostles as
were Paul, and James and Peter. They
were Paul's aids, subject to his control.—
He sent them to make collections for the
saints in Judea, to carry letters to (ho
churches, and called them to meet him at
places designated and to journey with him
at pleasure.
Needing aid to regulate ttie diuretic's in
the infancy of Christianity, ho employed for
that purpose these tried sons of the gospel ;
but does the fapt that he seu't these prove
that they were of superior rank to the
eiders with whom they mingled, or that
there were none others in Crete whose
order would justify such occupation?'- By
the same logic we conclude that heeuase
Haul said to Timothy, “bring the cloak I
left at Troas, there was nono other of suf
ficient rank to perform such a service.—
Our author undertakes to prove that Apos
tles “transferred their peculiar power and
authority to another body of men,” and
only shows that the right to baptize be
longs to others and that Haul sent two
ev^geHsts with special instructions to aid
him in regulating the churches. O lame
and impoteut eouolusiou !
2. Our Bresbyter says, “the Apostles
commuuicated to another body of men I lie
power of ordination,” and cites in proof,
“ And when they had ordained them elders
in evory church.” Aots itiv : 2d, in which
itho plural “they” refers to Haul and Bar
uabas. lie also quotes I Tim. v. 22, which
according to non.'# of the ablest Genoa i
expositors d ies not refer to ordination, “Lay
Imnds suddenly on no man.” And lastly,
lie (rives us the statement to Titus, that
Paul left him in Crete ‘'that ho might or
dain eiders.”, Referring the reader to what j
‘has been said in a former article oil the
Creel: words liore rendered ordain, we give
two brief extracts from I)r. Kitto’s Cyclo
pedia. On the passage first above, Acts xiv.
23, he says, “Cheirotanasantes” “properly
having elected, by a show of hands” elders.
Again, “It would appear then thug a for
mal investiture into the office (of elders)
was uot as jet regarded essential.” This
, by the way. But what dues our author tell
j us above? Why simply that Paul' wtt.lt
: Barnabas could appoint elders, and that the
-j Apostle yet. alive, sent Timothy and Titus
I to exercise the same function. And who
ever doubted this V - All admit that an Or
ganized church would have seme one, or
; xumc authority to regulate the appointment
1 of officers. The writer proves nothing
[ whatever to the purpose, unless he can
WdTow that these ministers were superior in*
\ order to presbyters and that ill ir order was J
i to bo perpetuated This he does nut even !
-attempt.
, r undertake to show that Gen ’ Canhy
1 and his successors in office atone cau ap
point judges iu Virginia forever, and in
! stead of producing an article from the Con
I stitution to the point, I prove that the Cam
era/, in connection with another officer, did
J appoint judges in 1S67, and that he sent
! two other officers-o^of whose military ranh
1 know potbing—to exercise, this appoint
j ing power, and thus I demonstrate that the
, General and his successors of equal rattle
alone are competent for all time to appoint
judges in Virginia. Our author gives us
just such an argument, and innocently
| wiping his.mouth, says Q E D.
A few words more, and I am done with'
this writer. lie. gajs (3) “The Apostles ;
\ cotmuunioated to another body of men the
power of Confirmation.” His sole proof to :
j this-point is, Acts xiv. 22, 23: “Confim
ing the souls of the disciples, exhorting
; them to continue in the faith, &e.” We
remark that we give this pas-age as it is in
the original; there .is no conjunction be
tween the words “disciples” and “exhort
ing-” “I’owcr of Continuation / ” Does
' it require any intelligence to .know that no
' reference is here made-to the rite of Con
• Jirmafton as practiced in the P. E. Church?
1 None can doubt that the writer here means
strengthening the souls by exhortation, tea
ching, &c. - "Barnabas,” says this author,
j “exercised this power equally with St.
! Paul,” and thus he proves the Apostles
: “transferred their peculiar power and au
thority to another body of men.” The ctti
phasis is his own. All that our author
, shows here is that the Apostles did not de
| sign that the church should fall to pieces j
j and die with themselves, hut madoprovi
i ston for officers after their departure. As ,
I to-the only point at issue, what, was the
| rank or order of those to be left in charge '
| of the churches, ho gives uf8*o light wliat
i ever. >' - ’ "
Such is the logic which, in its fourth
< edition at least, is sent out to enlighten the (
world. Such is the author who, ridiculing,i
the authority of Wesley, Asbury, &«.. al- (
1 lows himself to " O ..shame,/ shame/ ;
’ shame / / /
llut we notiec briefly the latter part of j
our proposition, that Elders in the Ancient |
1 church exercised the function of ordaining. :
Lord King says t "I Snd but little said ol I
j ordaining in antiquity, yet therte are clearer
proofs of the presbyters’ ordaining than of.
their administering the Lord’s Supper.”
I He cites Firmilian, bishop of Caesarea, in
3d Century: "AH-power and grace is
j constituted iu the church,_where seniors
! preside who have the power as of baptizing.
I so also of confirming and ordaining. King ^
shows, bv reference to Tcrtullian-, that by
! "seniors” "elders” are meant. Nest he
quAtus St. Cyprian, bjsirnp of Carthage.
Being exiled from his church, he writes to
the clergy thereof, exhorting and begging ■
them to "discharge their own,and his office
too, that so nothing might be wanting either
to discipline or diligence.” Jerome, see
Hooker, vol 2, page 141, says ; "At Alex- r
audriv, from Mark, the Evangelist, unto
Heracles and- Dionysius, the presbyters j
alwayS chtita nr-iof themselves, whom they j
placed in higher degree and gave uuto him i
| the title of bishop.” Eutychus’ account of j
I this matter is moreexplieit. lie says Mari j
! appointed Ilauanias first, patriarch at Alex- ;
; andria, aud also appointed 12 presbyters to |
j remain with him, so that when the patriar- j
j chate booame v.aeaut, these presbyters might |
i elect one from among themselves, and the
eleveu, placing their hands upon him aud j
! blessiug him, might, create him patriarch,
(i. e. bishop.) Nor did.this oustorn cease at
Alexandria until the times of Alexander,
patriarch ot Alexandria, who forbado the
presbyters to create the patriarch for the
future. And thus that ancient custom, by
which the patriarch used to be created by
j the presbyters, disappeared, aud in its place
succeeded the ordinance for the creation of
the patriarch by Hi j bishops.” Archbishop j
Usher, when asked Ly Charles I if lie found i
in antiquity (hat “piysbytcrs alone did or
dain,” replied. “Yes, I will show your ma
jesty more—even where presbyters alone
successively ordained bishops, and pointed
U> this case at Alexandria. Stevens, pages
53, 01 liish p Stillingfieet tells us of
Pashnutius. a [ resbyter of Africa, who or- |
darned in the year 390; Abbot Daniel, both !
deacon and presbyter. without rebuke from
Theophilns, bishop of Alexandria. He're
lates that in li e ordination ot Pelagius,
bishop of Home, in the Oth eenlury, it is
known 'liit only two bishops concurred and
one preshy ter. wh'-roti* 'according to the 4th
canon of the Nic-nti council’ three bishops
arc absolutely required for the ordination of
a bishop, showing that this presbyter was
considered the thud bishop required in or
din itiun. Again hcjj relates the case of
Ilustjcua Nai honor; sis with L"o Ju lire
year 452 it appears/ from a letter of Leo to ;
Uusticus, that some presbyters took upon ,
them to ordain as bishops, and to the
wnquiry uf llusticns, what is to be done
with those thus ordained, Lea replied,—
‘ 'Those clergymen who were ordained by
such as took upon them the eifiieo of bishop
in churches belonging to proper bishops, if
the ordination wore performed hy'the con- .
petit of the bishops, it may be looked on as
valid, and those presbyters remain in their
office in the church.” Ht-re we pee again j
the same idea, that tlie custom of conlioiug
ordination to tlte bishops was not from any !
divine ordinance, but was only an ecclesias
tical regulation for the sake of order. If
'the right of ordination was committed by
divine authority' to that order of ministers .
alone which was superior to that of pres- j
byter. the ordination by presbyters couldy i
under no circumstances, bo valid. (Jod
required the high priest alone to go into the i
Holy of Holies—he dare not appoint anoth
er to enter in his stead. So if God ap
pointed ordinate n as a prerogative of a su
perior order, it cannot, bo delegated to an
inferior one. Dodridge refers to tile Ec
clesiastical History of Jones ami Bede to j
sub -tantinte the fact “that in the year COS.
the successors of Austin, th^ monk, being
almost extinct ill E iglaud, by faV the great- .
er part of the bishops were of Scottish or- j
dination by Aidao and Fimni.who were no-.i
thing more than presbyters.” Baxter, re
marking on the testimony of the,‘ venera
ble Bede,’! says you will fiud that the Eu- -
glish had a succession of .bishops by the
Scottish presbyters’ ordination, aud there is [
iio mention'-in Bede of any scruple as to the ■
lawfulness of the- course.” Ency. Belig. '
Knowledge, p. 245, note. Bishop. Forbes,
a great light of 17th century, says: “Pres
byters have, by divine right, the power of
ordaining, as well as of baptizing.” Whit
aker, of Cambridge, asserts, as the opinion
of the reformers, that “presby ters being, by
divine right, the same as bishops, might
vrarraotably.set other presbyters over the ’
churches,” Archbishop Cramiier, aud the
bishops and clergy acting with him lu 16th
eeutuiy, held the same view. “The reform
ers! uuder King Klward, believed .in but.
.two orders of ministers, that bishop aud
presbyter were the same “order, aud lienee
gave the right, hand cf fellowship to minis
ters who had not been ordained by bish
ops. Coleman’s Prim Cll, vi.i. Stevens,
page 59 Hooker admits “there may be
muiotinrem varyJaM aud .sufficient reason to
allow ordination made without a bishop —
In ease of such necessity, the ordinary ia
stithtum of God hath given aud oftentimes
may give place. And therefore wo are not
simply and' without exception, to urge a lin
eal descent of power from the Apostles by j
continued succession of bishops in every
effectual ordination.” ,JIaeaulay, referriug :
to this statement, says/ “Hooker; with a
boldness worthy his high statesmanlike in- i
tellect, pronounces such (irregularities as
lie mentions) to have been ottetr/jn~Hifiabl*r/
Wo have shewn that neither tire Scriptures
nor the primitive church recognize tu bish
ops an.oivfer superior to that of presbyters. '
We have shown that many of the greatest
and purest minds of the church in all ages, j
and among theppmany of the great divines
of the Church of England—deny all divine
right to such an order / bu£ lo 1 a simple!
fuot,—a few uninspired:' men ; standing on j
the dogma, of this superior order, wave 1
aside the great mass of Protestant Chris
tians, saying, “The temple of ihe Lord,
the temple of the Lord are wc alone.'
Iu our next, wo propose to consider the
ine of succession.
Amkx.—This word signifies ‘So bs it,’
‘Verily,’ 'True." It is an expression of
assent to any language or sentiment which
may have beou uttered. The Old Testa
meet informs us that. the "people y>f Israel
added ‘‘Amen” to the eursescngaiost dis
obedience delivered by Moses on Mt. Mb;1.!,
to denote that they agreed to the justness of
the sentence, and their intention to keep the 1
law. In llev. 3; 14, Christ is called the
Amen, the Faithful and True Witness.
Work faithfully.
A Cireen Spot
The late Noah Winslow was food of tell
ing the following incident of his mercantile
life, mid he never closed the narration but
with swimming eyes.'
During the Guancial crisis, and crash of
’67, when heavy men were sinking around
us, and banks were tottering, our house
became alarmed in view of the condition of
of its bwu a flairs.
The partners—three of us, of whom I
was the senior—met in our private office for
consultation. Our junior had made a care
ful inventory of every tljjpg—of his bills re
ceivable, and bills payabie-'-and bis report
was, that twenty thousand dollars of.ready
money, to he held through the pressure,
would save us. Without that we must go
byJlie board—the’ refill was inevitable.
I went upon the street and among my friends
but in vain.
Two whole days I strove, and begged,
arid then returned to tbe eouniing-house in
despair. I sat at my desk, expecting every
moment to bear our "junior souh<Bng the
terrible words, “our paper is protested !”: [
when a gentlenian entered my department,
unannounced. 1 con Iff n t locate him to
hiy mind in any way.
Mr. Winslow, he said, inking a scat at :
the end of mydc.sk, I lugir you are in need
of money.
The very face of the man inspired mo ;
with confidence, and. I told him how I was
situated.
Make your individual note for one year,
without interest, for twenty thousand dol
lars, and I will give you a cheek, payable
in gold for that amount.
While I sat gazing upon him with speech
less astonishment, ho continued:
“You don’t remember me ; but I remem- ,
ber you. I remember when you were a
member-ef the Superintending School Com- .
mittee of Bradford I was a boy in the vil
lage school. My father was dead; my
mother was poor and I hut a shabbily clad
child, though dean. When our class came
out on examination day you asked the ques
tions.' I fancied you would praise qtid pet
the children of rich and fortunate parents,
and pass me by.
But it was not as I thought. 'In the end
you passed by all the others and came to \
me. You laid your hand ou my head, and
told me I did very well; and then told me .
I could better still if I would try. Y'ou
told me the way to honor and renown were
open to all. alike, no one had a free pass.)
All I had to do was to be resolved, and
push on. That, sir, was the turning poiot
of my life”. From that hour my soul.as- j
pired, aud I have never reached a great
good wiihout blessing you in my heart. I
have prospered, and am wealthy, and now
I offer.yon but a poor return for the sou!
wealth you gave me in that bygone time.
I took the check, said Winslow, and ,
drew the gold; and our house was saved, i
And where, at the end of the year, he
added, do you suppose I found my note ?
In possession, he said, with streaming
eyes, of my little orphaned grand-daughter ! !
Oh, hearts like that man’s are what bring !
earth and heaven nearer together.'—Ma
sonic J'evieiv.
IIkavex —Jleaven is a place where all is :
bright. The mind hovers around that
thought,» is pleased with it ; settles down j
in it. We are living on (lie surface ot a
shattered world. The earth is in the midst
of an • eclipse. A de.foruiejj race is born
here, and here they die. No damaged
thing-.is found in Heaven. The souls and ,
circa instances’ there are just, as they should ,
bo. Heaven is the chief joy amid the
realms of Hod.-, Glorious laud ! How many ,
sigh to reach thine abode. In exile wo
wander here ; in darkness, in the midst of
death. No day linds us well ; no hour is
radiant with tin) hgtit c:
the otc-ruui morn- ,
iug. How the spirFt tires in its toilsome
way ; wishing that repose might, come quite
soph. We long for a righteous nature ; for
a visiou of complete life ; for a divine pre
sence to beam upon us. What a moment
that will be when we roach Heaven; Then
embosomed in bliss, at homo in lards.of
eternity.
The Truk Life.—The mere lease of
years is not life, To eat and drink and
sleep ; to pace round the mill of habit, and
turn the wheel of wealth, to tuatte reason
our book-keeper, and turn it into an imple
ment of trade—this is not life. In all this
but a poor fraction of the consciousness of
humanity is awakened, and the sanctities
still slumber which.make it. most worth liv
ing. Knowledge, truth, love, beauty,faith
alone, can give vitality to the mechanism of
existence, the laugh of mirth which vibrates
through the heart, the tears that freshen
the dry waste within, the music tha t brings
childhood back, the prayer that calls the
future, the doubt which makes ns meditate,
the death that startles u» with misery, the
hardships that force us to struggles, the
auxiety that ends in trust, are the true
nourishment of rational beings,
FARM A S D GARI>n.\.
Deep Plowing.
In conversation with an experienced
planter nut long sines we were admonished
that it was nnt always correct to advise deep
plowing without some koow.ltcigo of the
iaod to bo pluwsd. O tr friend o!fved
that in one instance he haj, by using the
subsoil plow, in compact clay lands, lowered
Ibe productive capacity of a field for a num
ber of years, ’i bis be stated as a fac’, and
proceeded to devoFp , Lis theory of the
cause, lie held that by loosening up the
s ol to a depth of fourteen inches lie in
creased the power of tint land to take np
and hold^n amount ptagr.ahVwater, which
kept it cold and backward as compared with
tracts which had only been surface plowed ;
and that by turning up the inert matter oi
the subsoil, and putting down the active
and available top soli, a great ds:on^& is
invariably done. Vv'e c uftv? that there is
much .-plausibility iti this the ry, especially
when it is backed by a stubborn fro l But
wo submit, on the other hand, tliat we have
seen very marked and decided advantages
follow the use of the subsoil plow in.no
des i nod land; stii! we are not prepared to
urge oor opinion against those of more ex
perience1. it is not good plowing which,
turns d .wti -the- top soil and brings up the
subsoil. A proper!v’C'jnsfructed and woll
[iiouleii two-horse turning plow need never
go deeper than six inches, and it should
not invert the sods, but set'them up on edge
at an angle of thirty degress from a perpen
dicular. In this way the small amount of
iuert matter brought up will bo gradually
mixed with the better Soil, and-advanced
by .atmospheric influences. Y.'o may make
land ever so rich in available inorganic
materials, and yet without an adequate
amount of vegetable mould it will not bo
productive. By turning down the surface
wa remove from ,tho reach of the young
p'.auts on element they are -unable to dis
pense with,' hence the consequ nee will bo
a backward, stunted growth. We believe
that when the plowing 13 properly done,
the bad effects of standing water will nut be
greater in the spring than the evil of run
ning water—which has undoubtedly ruined
more land in tuc South than in any other
oue catfke. Proper subsoil plowing does
not turn up, but merely loosens' the soil.
The'gentleman referred to at the beginning
of .this.-article is one of most progressive
planters- in the South, has better teams,
plows, seed sowers, mat-huies for harvest
ing, etc., than auy we know of; grows
more clever and raises finer stock of all
kinds. He adopts what he terms a middle
course : tliat is, he plows from six to eight
inches deep, in preparing. We give both
sides of the question, and leave it to the
iuteligeut reader to adopt that which he
thinks would be best fur bis own particular
case.—Practiced Farmer.
How to Make Farm Life Attractive.
1. By loss hard work. Farmers often'un
dertake more than they can do well, and
consequently work too early and too late.
2. By more system. The farmer should
have a time to begin and stop labor. They
should put more mind and machinery into
their work. They should theorize as well
as practice, and let both go together.—
Farming is moral , healthy and respectable ;
and in, the lo'ng run. dray b» uu«U
ble. The farmer should keep good stock,
cu»a uuc m ifeor.
o .]>y taking care of health. Farmers
have a healthy variety of exercise, hut too ;
often neglect cleanliness, eat irregularly
and hurriedly, sleep in ill-ventilated rparr
ments, and expose themselves needlessly to
c.dd. /. .
4. By adorning the '.home. Bo nis,
papers, pictures, music aad reading;
should alb be brmighirTn-hem—upon the in
door family entertainments ; and neatness
and comfort, order, shrubbery, flowers a a d
fruits should harmonize all without. Then'
would he fewer desertions Of eld home-,
steads if pains were taken to make them
agreeable. Ease, order, lieilth and beauty
are compatible with farm life, and were or
dained to go w ith it.
Cultivation of tiie Bea Plant.—Egg
plants require a -light, rich loamy soil.—
Leaves half decomposed, well mixed'with
the soil,,is a good manure. To have them
early, sow-late in February in a hot-bed
or cold-fraui'e. Cover the seed very lightly
ami protected from frosts. Press the earth
on the seed in planting. Keep the sasit
over them until the plants arc up, and then
give them air on warm days. -When warm
weather .eoaies. set them out. A small
flea sometimes attacks the youog plant —
lu that1 case sprinkle it with a. solution of
aloes or quassia and dust with lime and
sulphur. For .final planting make the rows
three feet apart, and set out the plants two
feet apart in the row. The soil must be
deep and rich Keep the erooiid will
hoed, ami free from weeds-olid grS«s, .
earth up tiny plant a iittlo from time to
time. Water the plants fre.lv in “dry
weather, until they are w 11 -, -:.. L1. ,
We condense these directions froth » well,’
of high authority. — Carolina Farmer.
The Christian Sinf
adv r; rtiskmentST
Adverttonontsnof inconsistent** ith tbochfti -
acUr of th-* paper, will be inserted at the follow
ing rates;
Due square of ten lines, first insertion.$ I
f'orcurh sfif >\qi;cnt insertion.f»o
Oflesquare time months... e co>
Une square six months.i..i. 10 10*
Otic square twelve months.18 to
Advertisers changing: weeky, must make a
special ag;vonient. Yearly advertisers will pay
qu.irtej! v <-r feinf-anriu.a’lr in nftvance. Trhr>—
sieru.i ; >« rtivi aunts t0 pap\ for ’on insertion
Job PuTN'-njia executed with ;
patch.
ith neatness and ctis
Cotton Seed ai Manure.
Tl'.e decision of the Washington Parish'
j Agricultural Cihb, and our remarks on this*
; mj! jnct in cur issue for May, have called
! out some facts from an old Mississippi friend
: whose large experience, extensive observa-*
1 f:on arid practical good sense, gives biro ns
great a light to be beard as ^any other
man.”
He says that' in order to reap the be aft*.
! advantages from cotton seed man ore,
i *hey .riu'-nld be applied perfectly sound,.in*
[ Januhry or February, and let them heat.
: and rot ift the ground ; that the effects of a
I liberal application of seed io this wfy was
j clearly visible in the vegetation for ten
i.years after the application, as had been
j demonstrated on bis farm. After careful
; experiment, cur friend is- of opinion that
1 ’ “irty bushels of green seed is worth two
ound; cd bushels or rotted seed, if the green
coed is op]died so a<? to prevent gennina
tioo. If a1Wcd to germinate, their mami
: rtd-properties a^^vlmost wholly destroyed,
much so that t be bene lit arising from;
: them is tfot observabie.\
That cotton seed is a mn£K escellsnt ftr
ti.izer, is admitted by all "who hhve had aDy
j experience with them. and yet it is Mpangc
that the.manner of applying them, so as to
; o^t the best returns, should still be an open'
, oue^tion. That it is so, 13 another of the
I many evidences of ‘he' devastating system
j <d agriculture that has heretofore ruled in
j our Southern, country. —Southern Rural
j i d. '
Composts—I have been studying into
matters somewhat, and have gained a pret
ty clear idea that if there wero a well-de
viled and carried out system of the com
posts in every department whore composts
should be trade, we would be spared many’
of the plagues, such as fevers and flies,
that now beset us, and that with' the same
'labor, a vast amount more might be raised
for human and animal sustenance. The
way some of-bur, farmers on the hillside
and-down hi the valleys do let their barn
yards run to waste, is enough to make a
Farmer’s Club” woa&n ferocious.. The
drainings from the stables stand in green
and inky pools, festering by the roadsides,
or when a rain-storm comes, go streaming
across the highways into, the first running
erfck, to be carried away, nobody knows
where. As God takes care that nothing iu
all his universe is lost, doubtless it will re
appear iu some useful form in the future.
Jlut no thanks to the man who wastes it.
Don’t tell me he can’t find time to build a
sement wall across the lower side of his
yard, and to haul dry dirt and muck to
held the nourishing properties of his heaps
till he is ready to apply them to his crops..
Wouldn’t two years of corn and two blades
of grass for one, and twice as many big
cabbages very soon make ' his 11010 up to
him ? Such a farmer is jqst the one to let
all the weeds grow, and ground lie hard
‘ baked in a drought to ke^p it from drying,
up.
Tub Peanut.—As peanuts have become’
one i f the principal market products of the;
country, any information or suggestion lii
conuectiou with their successful culture will
be favorably received, A few week ago, I
visited Captain \V. E. Proctor, of Priuc*)
Geo re j ui'.uf, and, in a conversation: with
this practical and sensible" gentTemab'rdle
remarked that three years* experience in
the cultivation of the peanut satisfied him
that alter proper preparation of the land,
choice of seed, aod good culture, almost all
afterwards depended on the season during
the month of August. . if that- month
.should be very dry. as was last year r.ntl
tbe year, before,, a short crop rpiglitrbc cal
culated on. If the reversj. a good crop>
would ensue. I am convinced Ui<\Mhis so.
Tin'll catT this b'e remedied to any extent V
We think i-O:-Plash r acts—well :ss a —
dressing on clover; -atrd almost on fcvory
other plant Last year the writer applied
plaster twice on the tops of the vines during
August, on a lot of two and a half acres,
a id the 'result was decidedly beneficial ,
The vines looked nvre f; hiLlung, and tbe
peas aero much bettor. Piaster is cheap,
and but little loss would occur, if it should
tail of good resuLs. It should ue applied
in the morning before the dew dries off, or
just after a r.*in.— L. in IZiiral Mssenyet'.
Swarming of Bees—Successful Use of
the Mirror.—I had three decamping
swarms that left uty apiary. I had hived
; :iio first iu the forenoon, on the day it
' swarmed : but at about four o'clock iD the
afternpon, it decamped’ for parts unknowu.
1 U got oil- some distance before I gofr ready
with the 1 • king-glass, but; to my surprise,
he third fii-'n ef the sun's rayV with the
looking-glass made the bees IJy .round and
j round, instead of gtdug straightforward as
before,' aud they immediately settled upou /
Li tree. '• . ,
'Pile secoud swarm came off in the after
no >o It made no halt to settle, but start
ed direc: for the timber. I followed it.
i-anil brought it down the same way. The
t! ;id one jjjnt nearly half a mite away, fiv
’iri: <! i the! east- side- of-tho timber; The
sun b i: .r in tin.* .west ve$ could not use the
’ ut. a soott a* we ■: :: the snu. thres
• k tou.i; it 4.v:u*S sky tied it Vu* . I have the
ihr c swarnwithus.arrested, aud they have
ail done well. ' -Cor. Bee Journal.