1 WEATHER
CimM IlMbr IU Xui*;, I
K*WWjr tkaader vhoaerv
»—n m ■ 1
1 ~~
Friends of F. Mintz Backing Him for Os fice
i ■
)Mount Olive Man Has
Staunch Defenders As
,to His Welfare Ability
Peace Is Gone Where Grasshoppers Moan For
\ . Hay Following Yesterday’s Move
FORMER REPRESENTATIVE HAS
AN EXCELLENT RECORD
• 11
Peado over the matter «f Jtli« au-1
pettnteadeat of public welfare has,
gone "where the woodbine twlneth
and the grasshopper* moan for hay>
or la Jhe word* of the remarkable
Mark Twain, anyone thinking that
Fred Minted friend*, both Iq Mount
Olive oad Goldsboro and the real
of Wayne county, '’didn't get. mad
about him being characterised a*
"one Fred Mintz" are "full of the
Juice of the royal prune "
Mr Mint# didn't have anything to
nay himself, but there graant any
thing left to be aald after Ills j
ftfend* got through talking uny
way. Jhe fact that anyone would
dare tnalnuate that Mr Miotzwa*
one Fred. made 'em mad to atari
__ jSh. and then hla friend* aald they
■“'Ph be *a» fully qualified to t*e ••
auperlntendent of public welfare If
be wanted to be and to prove the .
assertion they ouly pointed ’the all-j
ent finger tp Sir. Minu s reacord as j
a public figure. Thl* Is the record. J
and admittedly a nice one: .
Fly* terma In the state leglala
tare from Wayne county. Was chair-!
■A'/ of the eootmitUM' on education
"to the gcnaral MaejPhlv when that
«wu ml tide if* «* Mggeat In the
IftnleUttifY; |{a sponsored the <-ei
tlfloMlH ‘P'ddWber. bill that ha* '
ravolutlonlm the educational ays
tem of the state. He waa chairman >
of the Health committee In the I
general assembly when the great
health program wan put on In this
statennd hla personal effort* for the
bill Is the reason tor its existence t
today.
There hasn't been a bigger man
In the legislature thuu Kred Mints,
according to bis friends who arei
coral MEN ON
to mm
hr am
»pi m> m now <
Lhenxml Cotton Bxcluuvkv To
Changes at
Meeting
fT« lIK EFFECTIVE
IN OCTOBER 1921
* , 'jj* .■
Waafclactoa. July 14.-Two donen
- teadiag wMw men from various
aorta of the couairy havve accord
Ik* lavßatteo of the Department of
Agriculture to participate in the
conference hero *u«n wlihi C. R
fiVlef and P. J Y|jilcy. rep re muil •
Inc the Liverpool rollon annot'latloir*
will present association* re common- I
<l»lIon* for change* In the official
standard* of cotton In the United
Wales which havve twi n made uni
k venal standards In agreement with j
r foreleh nation* The Liverpool hi- l
a
aoctatloa baa given notice ihal It ;
dealrwa oerUlp ohaagwa la U**> acun- I,
4anh an 4 M the hay declare* Him
•0 effort to chan***' a year In nil- j
, ./lade an «lwt will h*«ipade. Tue*-
<kay la Kara the ehana«**> *» into ef
fect at the bactaatuc of the year
in October. 1914.
Among thoee accepting l« C. W. I
Johnson of Charlotte
Smokeless Powder
Make* Brilliant
i Light Against Sky
NAtlHVlUii:. Tenn.. July U r l
l Twelve thouaand pound* of amohe-'
Wdtti powder, manufactured at the Oldj
1 Hickory Powder plant near here riur-
I In* the war to' fleht the Hun iant
was a prvrotechnli'al plwythlna
■ w hich made a pretty light. Declared i
W defective, the a torn a e bulk waa heap!
I ad In a maaa. lighted wltli a torch
and aent hundred es fact into the air.
Ha brilliant re dagalnat the aky waa
a««n In Xaahvllle. 11 mllea awny.
Yaatarday Iva Other leu were bora*
•i- „ . . • .*««
\
THE GOLDSBORO NEWS
i n«»t alow In fight for him for the
office of auperlntendent ( of public
welfare If he Is a candidate for the
Vice, and admittedly he la At ohe
time be was prominently n.Vnnoued I
for speaker of the bouse, nnd has
been repeatedly urged % run for
atato offices, but bis business would
not permit
Mr. Mlntt's friends mulntuln'Thut
as a social worker he Is not the
beat In the world, but be Is far
from the worst. He has tact, they
maintain and a wide and sympa
thetic knowledge or the good coun
ty of Waype. These two qualifica
tions glone. they assert, are the
baats for a good superintendent of
public welfare.
"Tbla Is not ‘Dame Rumor mon
keying aronn4t'" one asserted very
positively. "If It comes to a show
i down I am perfectly willing that
anyone know how I stand on the
I matter."
{ "There hasn't been a social w-el
| fare conference In this stute In
| years with but two exception*, that
Mr. Mintx hasn't attended." another
romarked. "find I know further that
Mr Mlntx Is g* we'll read on the
subject as any tnsn In the state"
Tbp uounty commissioner* main
mined a divorce alienee throughout*
t4>« 4uy as the (ampest In the t<-a- 1
'pot raffed They only grinned and
1 ebanffgd the subject when the mut
ter was broached. The school
board wa* not approached on the
subject when the commissioners set
them such u bad example by *no;
talking.
Both these 'todies meet In u wr*
session night when the
matter wilt be definitely settled
IEVEREB SPEAKS
TO COMMERCE BDDY
THEM NIGHT
I / _
Seercltiry’s Report To Show
Remarkable Work of
■ Chamber for Year
OTHER FEATURES
OF DINNER
guest of the Chamber of Commerce
ind the principal ►,**k*r *: •Uv
j annual dinner of, the 'hamt*.*' In i*
| Tuesday night Fveretl will
I arrive here Tuesday afternoon n:vl
| will l.e the gucat of the iiu.mb»*-
1 I'm the l|mi' of his arrival
The swretary. Walter C Iten-J
f mark, l>a* about completed his an-l
1 iiuul report, and wfll havve It ready
lor the meeting Tuesday night The
report for be year shown anuaoal
growth during the P*»t 4 twelve
month*, and an unusual Interest be
i Ing taken by the member* of the
1 chamber. ,
The work of the depuli lyu lit 111 |
; some lines ha* bea u remarkable. Tin
traffic department in some lines ha.
I I teen remarkable The truffle d«>-
partuient haa
■ actor tH v *lhf development of tht
community, and the work of See
retary Denmark has beeu of un on
j usual nature The securing of bet
ter niall facilities, the Interentlng o'
outatde capital In Goldslroro posai
billtle* baa been among the oat
1 Mandiog work* of the year. A com- .
plete report of the year will lie car-'
Tied later lu the week
BARRYMORE WEDS
IRENE SENWICWj
Rome. Italy, July" 14 Mias Irue
Senwlck and Lionel Barrymore, j
American celebrttles were married ;
at the capital here today They Y’tf
; for Venice tor a hojit-ymonji
The Hoysl CommlkaloneY* of the '
j Municipality had - xpressed a doatr* '
to perform the ■■eimmtmi hut wqg
deatned by a prevloaa mgagmsal
la secorioncs with If Kan oaatom
the briffs and groom inkanffnl I
rf*n , j
COMMUNITY FUND ■
GOES TO 5331)0
WITH 11500 TO GO
<* - •
Lionel Weil Puts Out Want Att
for a 11500 Man To
Finish It
FIFTY PER CENT
SMALL SUBSCRIBER*^
1 The community- memorial fund
bus reached and Uouel
Weft's greatest want at the ffresent
time Is a man who will flnl*h out
the other *1.500. It Is'Mr Weil's dr
ternilpDtuu lltut the full iS&.OOO he
raised so all those who want to see
'the driva end, mgibt us well come
across with j 1.500.
|!p to the preseul time over fif
ty per cent ot the subscriptions have
been small ones, u very unusual
thing In drives of this sort. Mr
'Weil stated that I not her drives In
Goldsboro It hsd always been the
case that at least 60 Opcr cent of
the subsccriptlon was made .up by
large contributions from a few men
anduwomen.
i A* soon is, the aubucrations are
the letting of a contract, work will
paid In sufficient amount to justify
begin on the new building Very 'ti
tle grading will be necessary on the
lot. which Is Just opposite the court
bouse on Walnut street, und when
the work, ,doee stsrt It will be but
a short time until the building will
be completed
cons JURY IS
CONVINCED MRS
- KEPNER MURDERED
—— &
Body Wm Exhumed und Physi
cian* State That She v
Wat BMP'
FIRST THOUGHT
A SUICIDE
. *■>
Frederick., Maryand, July 14 -
Mrs. Crease Him mo ns Kepner, wife
of U E. KvpnW’ an architect of
Frederick camv to her death on
Juou at the hands of sore*
pejgowUnki>wg, the coroners Jur--
duoided In Its verdldt here thll a.-
tsrnoon The ;ury its de
cision in two hour*. Mr. Kepner.
waa found lb a room is the farntlv ■
home with a bullet hole- In the
head
Immediately after the verdict wa*
announced State Attorney A. R
Anders said he deplored the dec!*- .
. 100 44s aald he was not In favor
of calling a special session of the
grand. Jury 4o consider the can*- A
Wood, the coroner who gave the ,
previous verdict -of suicide did not
hold an Inquest anil his decision
>was disputed by Mrs. Kepner's
family At Ibeir request the body
of Mrs Kepner was exhumed ami
an autopsy performed by three phy
sicians AH three doctors agreed
In their report that Mr*. Kephe/-
could not have shot herself as the 0
course taken by the bullets through
the bead hnd Its point of entrance
Indicated thut It would linvev been
impossible to do so
FEDERAL AGENTS
Seize 200 motor
BOATS AT DETROIT
DETROIT. July 14 Federal pro
hibition agents, assisted ley represen
tallres of the Treasury Department.
| last night and earls today seized 201)
motor boats off Ecorse. Wyandotte
Trenton In Hie down river district'
The operations were conducted In ttM
face of an angry mob who. accord
ing lo the .officer*, attempted at one J
tint* to dynamite a small bridge giv
ing agrees to A well.
BK I) BU G I S
RECEIVED FOR
GREAT SACIFICE
Washington. July 14 The de- .
. pertinent of agrlcoltureg offer to
buy I.2<M> Is-,I hogs for It* In
secUcklr experiment -'■station al
Vienna has not been without re
sult.
■> Today a single hag shipped
from Philadelphia In n tiny
t pasteboard lan rear bed the ala
j Don alive und well and rsady to
■ make the supreme sacrifice In
the name of science Officials
would not disclose the exact ad
draao of the martyr’a former
-■ im.ll ~WI. I . . - lll-,.
- '.ST=" '' t
LOLRAIMIRO, K. to rW XBIY MOVING, JI I.Y li, UWX
*-. 3u^ r ,t. ' '■' * °
Dewey’s Grandsons Sailors Too j
Them* two granrlaonn of iKc late Adufirul Dejt.’w hate ambit lots to can
tor* an enemy tleet, too. They are sianlog Jn Ik* bottom f»,« boys ara
Richard and Orville Ib:w*y. |»<>th of them nit uiliCfa of thg District of Columbia
Naval reaerve The photograph waa i.uid* just fwfur* ths rwaervm l*ft on a
practice c 1 utaa. ... ..
.a.jiLs .
GOLDSBORO MAN
RESCUES ME
FROM DROWNING
Dr. T. A. Monk fietff WoMvn]
Oul of Water Al HWorcnt
When Haft Turflw
HIS WIFE’.WAM * **« * '
- ONE OF THEM
Dr T A Monk, of JO* Koruegay
ri»-*vi or- Urerlgk qf his own Ufs
rescued three women from drown
ing at HIU Crest last Tbnfsday it
ternoon. Dr Monk said poshing
about lb») in', urritnce tu -friends In
Goldsbord. hut eye wfinvsses told
the stpry, “Which la otsu ot dtarotsm
unadorned. . , r
Four women serf ob aJj#-float 1
tng rail whV» hr-th wawr dyer
tjie head of e'reg a |all b* fspo . J ii* 1
women, ambng tbe tu lbs doctors ■
wife, got too. near 1 the edg* Ot- Ui< I
'raft and It .llpix-d sligtltly. throw- j
lag lhani all ofi their bahuicn into f
the water over their liegds. NMI of,
thi'ui could swim.
Doctor Monk who was swimming,
uci«t the raft heard their cries uud'l
xuu Ui the rescues lie pullud in
his wife tilrst und went after the
other .women who were Htrogl.llng
and strangling nearby. One Soman
managed t omakn tne raft bat the
other two went down for ths aec- >
ond time. Dr. Monk was able to
pull them both to safety after a
slrugglg) which wonl.d bava rmn
pleiely exhaualed an ordinary maq, 1
High praise of "Dr Monk's herntxm f
is heard on the street* today, and
many who saw the struggle *u) !
that the feat wa* remarkable. «
TEX RICKARD IS
MYSTIFIED .0 V E R
FOREST STATEMENT;
Trainer Snys That Flrpo Would i
qKntvr “Siauifhlrr flouae”
If Hi* Meets Jack
New Yolk. July 14 IBy the As
suclated I'rsaa.j—Texa Hikard, tgu
ing promoter who 1* negoilatliig
with Jack Kerns for a flgfit' het.wev-n 1
Dempsey and FUrpo for thn worlds
heavyweight cLa/r>» toffy hip early In
I Hepfemiter mnlglit he was
, mystified by the *|j|l*u»«pit of Jim
my Forest that thq-AfViptldd would
enter a ''alaughlar.pmiiefc If 'h* en
t*r*d a ring with Dnni«aiev In Iswr
than four months.
"I rannot understand ” b* fc aUl
'Onlv» yesterday Forest lofd'Yhe Kir-i
p*> was reday and able to meet ;iny
one ■hi Ilk- w orld ,
Rlkard declared he wa- not tiand .
: ling Kirpoa Interests bus . was n -
got luting whh Karns ton-Hii
Iteizip*,) fight soon
Three Gormans
Court-Martialed
By Belgians
AIX I.A CHAWPI.IJK July 14
•By lb* Ai.‘sih mud I’rt-r * I A B«*!
; atoa cour t nucrUal Ur a, ;<>dg} 141
■Mmed the death pensltly Spaa three
. P™ '&*' lM4mlk
iqt-a&vsc
... ~»-T V 4.1 '" ' »
COMISSIOK
WILL MEET WITH
Km BOARD
i' ’ _ *•
Joint S«HHion To Elect Superin-!
tendent of Public
Welfare
w»m, msrrss
SC'HOOU UIIIKJRT
The Hoard of county commission
ers. of which 1.. J: Itaney la chalt
man. anil the Ixiard of education of,
Ike i minty meal In Joint aesalqp
boro loufbrrow to decide the matlor
of a superintendent of public wel
fare. and other mattera which will
come tup for discussion. among the
approprlationa for the uiunljr
school* for the coniine school year.
The" meeting promises to b« one
•of the most Interesting or U»*» veal
i on account of the pseudo-scrap now
! going on between two factions for
| the office of the superintendent of"
! public welfare.
The metier Os the school biutke*
will not take much time as the
two hoarda hare practically come j
•to an attrenmeht on the subject. It
Iji not sure- that they will agree on
J the other matter , l
FAItF 011 R WAS
(INK OF FIRST IN
FIRET DEPARTMENT
| L.
Served When Bain’ii
1 Fill her Wa* ihc Chief of
Fire Depart meni
•
Twenty-ffcreot ythiJ* ago John Jo
“-eph Kaifoor. Manclaled wllh Georg -
, l-arfour Hti<l Hros DaflltMtt'MplM,
| caiiu t i'tlolilaWoro +rr make Ills home
*
He immediately stepped Into' the
ij North Carolina harness and became
! a ".laid citizen, malting every tioaslble
• effort tu, do any, aud rverytolng for
1 the betterment of hla home ltfe and
| those with whom he came In con
tact Three yeara I alrr, exactly
| twenty* cars ago today, be liecame
it member of the firat volunteer flra
'department of this city.
Mr. liafii, father of our present
| mayor was the first lira chief and
many me the Intereating alortea Mr.
Karfour tells of the experiences those
volunteers had fighting lira during
'kh. Itrel few years Nevertheless said
| lie. wi trever ulUsetl a ffre. regard
lers of the time of day, night, or
i tin . condition* of the weather/* Mr
<1 Haiti »wa «o%< e«de>l aa chief, by
Horace King a (aw years later ang
J h« many ponui* VHI remember. Under
• chief hlagt tu > had a reel lire de-
atid during this lima there
tw.«a developed an honor system foi
the volunteer department and Mi
cKnrfo.up wor. the gold madal lot
three years In 'honor of maintaining
tio- la st reeord dor being first to the
engine boose on this sounding of the
fife alarm
Mr. Kerf opr »t|)e<l *" • repreaen
lallve of The Keer* that he had not
I'missed mows thaw * half dozen dree
1 since henemlng a member of the de
partment ea<#pt ttie times that Iff
'was out of the city. About two year*
,' ago he took | Mat iret vaeaimg and
; went back % Mi forater boose in
• Hatnana Ml. I.eisaon. flerrta, nod
t * ontlnued on Png« HWhi)'
• I Ml .If -.1 HI II J
Mrs. Vanderbilt Pleases
Fair Size Crowd At The
■> * r * .
Wayne Co. Court House
Gifted Head of State Fair Makes Eloquent Pki
for Co-Operation
:x * v ■
WANTS IT TO BE STATE-WIDE EXHIBITION
■ l " »A » . -:- ';
*
"Tlo- itr roper function of a state
j Fttlrr. or any other fair. Is not the
amusement of pleaamre-weckers." de
rlared Mr*. Kdlth Vanderbilt, Pros-
Idem of tbd North Carollmi Agri
ewltursl Sovietv. la an oddr«*'s h*-re
yesterday. ‘lt la for the de
velopment along proper lines of edu
cation In agriculture, industry aad
general knowledge"
Mr Vaaderhlll said the mistakes
of Ihr past and hopes far the fu
| lure should l»e brought out (dearly
I*o that farmers might visualltc
where they can plant heller crops
and "ronlli* bigger return# -where
Industry may' learn lessons of bene
fit and where the gonl'of art that
la good for everyone may It* placed
In away that In easy to under
stand, that. I*.-by the use of one*
eyes and earn."
"The other ' function of .a' state 1
J fair." Mrs. Vanderbilt continued
"In Its value to the state as a 1
| whole la displaying in attractive
■ fashion *u ihat U will bring not on-,
|ly exhibitors of the country’s best
t but people from other state* and
pff'rt* of the,rountry to see what our
1 state baa to eshlblt
**! will venture to nay there I* no
| other state on the Atlantic (tea- 1
, board that can present so much in <
Ih* way of natural resources as.
North Carolina ! will slab ven
| tare to ntett that todaf u Htate j
. Knit qa natnte-xflffg. ffagls sad ft nan •
’ dally organ'. 'ed would do more or
* North Carolina In flv# years than a
; million dolUts spent Ip any other
way Even with th-v Hunt-1 '1 i:i
llee and moan . of ia*, ys.tr wr* drv I
klioarlng goo I < oiwm-at from as fori
North as N»*w H;,mp.t'i!ie. V«rrt| !
'west from tVi*coa«in. \V *r.t In Indi
ana aad - Mlaaourl The whole
Booth Is waking' up tb wwbat a
State Fair will do toward* boosting
Iba Htate ahead.
'"Our cattle exhibits were consid
ered verjf line and cattle breeder*
throughout the country have pot wgrj
fair on their list Our department*
, are receiving equal attention
X^TJz* —f«jr is owned sad run by
he North V*roUna Agriculturnl Bp
clety. This la s membership organ
ization whdse list I* In, jo wine re-,
strteted Anyone may join who
' 9J)Hr sirs TWELVE
i HOUR SHIFT 500#
1 TO BE MB
'
Steel Corporation Plans To
Eliminat* Trouble in Noxt *
HU Week*
\ , *» *
FULFILS PLEDttE
MADE TO HARDING
\t»w York. July t# Klbeft Gary
today mulf It plalu that th*- Pelted
riluift Steel Corporation of. ‘which
lip la head pin lined within ill week.
'■) begin elymln.itin* th* 11 bom
day In lla plant*. It wan reported
i In Wall street that the rest of the
industry would follow ault and that
'.Ho pMl* mad*’ o President lUfJbj
tng i-oneernlng the much attacked
shift gradually would be redeemed
I it iu under date of Jane XT
that director* dFthe American Iron
and .Steel Inatftuta wrote the |>r#a|-j
don' that "they were determined at
your command to seccure In the
lion und at eel Industry of ihl* coun
try a total alteration of the !.i
hour day at tha eartleat tltae poaat
ble.
Hanutuiel iioui|>erj, pie«ldent of |
the American Federation of Labor
and other labor leader* hit oa ttK
bla" and exprvaaed their akeptlciem*
phraae “At‘the earlieat time poaai
A little, later Mr. Gary In M In-j
tervtew declared the larreaalaa (a- i
bor Bitptillea fcoiu the negro** from
i the South and Meltbo. the Philip-1
pine* und abroad led him to believe ,
fiihat Ike Initial step* should be 'tah
i en eiwin but *llll no time limit war t
l turnllotted ' T(*j*y. howeverfl Mr.
i Gary declared "N*v .ball probably
I 'ooUMneii* e «< lively to reduce the
number of tereive hour workers 1
* I
( i S' e ■. .■ ■■■■ ■i*
MEMBER OF >
- ASSOCIATED PRESS
- - •.
price piti cevn
■— »
has the Interest and will to'do tsn. '
It la dot In any way h private cor
poration Idr making money In
fact ts we can sutireed Id demon -
atratlng the" value of the Fair 'na n
State Fair and a Sl*llnstitution
be legislature will he naked to take „
It over. look, slock and Anrrrl and
rnn It na aticb Thai la tk<* logical
com Itiston of the enterprise
“This section of North Carolina
has not manifested any iHtftlrular In
tereat In the Stale Fair, ugd I must
confess I rln at a lose In under
stand this attitude I am aura tp« _
matter has not tMfors beet
In tbe proper tight adp
the purpose of my visit betjFdt* ’
Hay #
"You ha 1 # so our excellent HfgUßjSsM
uugl community (<»lrs and lygHf
gested that' tbe lies! front
aent on to Raleigh aa ug
collectively rrom such • otml
community and ceuaty ridr fa aIPMa
pm Lent lust Ituiton and ahonld Rm
teeder for the that* Fair. 5
"In the flret place I
to have .and f h«|u- it *in iif no.
ranged, an exhibit from this •
and city Tbla should Ittclgde A
thing of which ytyu are prt>j*d
'Second, I w uuld Ilk#
lo have an exhibit from >nmk «gp-
I cere that la product p* «uy ■
lias the right to
Third. I would more than Mm» Ml
see enough InUmot^n^^eMPjky
{in the North Carotins
, Society. , •'
thing Indeed, ir
set aside one day in the WeerfNjK'-
cfelr for the people of tbla -eMIgR
to come en masse Then we |MgM4 *
> secure special trains and rga eggjgp
alons And lastly, ptenae
that these things which I am ajffi|i
lag of you to do ere net fey my hags
edt but fur your own good anpYHMg|
good end glory of tb. old North
Mre Vaederbiu asM herj
through eastern North rarming
primarily for the pur, hiss of pm
moling the latere*t df the North
Carolina slate fair and to sttaMy
late Interest In It end the <-e«nty
and communly fain of theostale.
TYPHOID FEVER IS
EPIDEMIC NW
v THREATENS HERE
Three 4Wn of Dreaded
* Now Vn GokUbon Anf^
More Expected
TWO 4 (HA)HED
\ND ONE WHfl*
Goldaboao I* seriously threwnad
with a tvi.h.dil i-pMeml* MKoMM#
to reporta from Ahr depart*u-rU (ntV
health Three ca*K> have beet «§»-*
pond within tbe iik. (wo not
ored apd one whl4h
The white case jl» on .Vrlnptfc
atreet and both the ceae* aih j
it 10-orgetown All thr-- ,er#nn»
kre »e Hourly 111 and the dcpaiiW* lt».
expect. Other ea*e* to he r< l«rt*4l
at any time.
Typhoid cad be av%d*d |r. Jo*-,
me way. and that la through H
typhoid aerum which ta given truer®
of charge by the department The
health department Mate. that dnyd
Per.ijp refusing to take the aartttn
la Jeopardlxlng pot only their ow*
health, but often the health of nth
era around them.
Yesterday afternoon and yeetwr
day morning over a hundred too*
the aerum at tbe haaitb oglce A
I trip each week ** taken Idlo the
cxsjnty and over fuor bundled have
been taking th* tralm*nt.
Typhoid I* u. ginning to he re
garded almost la th* name tight aa
smallpox One* a dreaded disease
i that on* went through life fearnlg,
now neatly avoided through ploper
! raccloahm methods
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