Hoke Teacher To Guide Boys' Hike
Let such names as Wallace Gap.
Albert Mountain, and Standing
Indian Mountain become a lasting
memory as you backpack in the
magnificent Southern Appalachian
Mountains this summer.
This section of the Appalachian
Trail follows a long curving ridge
crest encircling the waters of the
Nanathala River and is located
about 6 miles from Franklin.
The trip will involve five days and
includes travel to and from Frank
lin. There will be three days of
hiking with two nights of camping
on the trail.
Transportation, food, insurance,
and tents will be supplied to each
boy. The total cost for each
participant will be SI 80. which
covers everything except personal
equipment such as a backpack,
canteen, sleeping bag, clothing,
toilet articles, and rain gear.
The guide for the trip. George H.
Ashley. Jr., Raeford, has had 17
years of experience in Scouting. He
has hiked the Appalachian Trail as
well as made other hiking expedi
tions in the mountains.
He is a teacher at Hoke County
High School.
For more information, call him
at 875-4087, or write Rt. 3. Box
261. Raeford.
Helton Runnerup In Essay Contest
Robert Helton, grandson of Mrs.
Mary Helton of Open Arm* Rest
Home, Raeford, is runnerup in an
essay contest held by the newspaper
The Suburban of Wayne. Pa., it
was announced recently.
The contest was held for high
school students, and the contes
tants wrote on the subject "The
Benefits of the Free Enterprise
System."
Helton's essay was published in
the newspaper's edition of May 20.
Helton has been a student at
Valley Forge Military Academy of
Pennsylvania for three years.
He is the son of the late Eldred
Helton, formerly of Raeford.
Sixth Grade
Graduation
Thursday
J.W. Turlington School \. .>1 have
its annual Awards Day and Sixth
Grade Graduation Thursday, June
10 at 9 a.m.
This program will be held on the
school playground if weather per
mits.
In case of bad weather it will be
held in the school auditorium.
Parents of Sixth Graders are
invited to attend.
Monument
Unveiling
The 18th Field Artillery Brigade
will unveil a monument erected in
honor of the 15th FA Bde., during
a dedication ceremony June 15 at
the 18th FA headquarters.
The 15th FA Bde. was activated
June 15, 1942, and deactivated
September 25. 1945.
Any former member of the 15th
who would like to attend the
ceremony should contact Capt.
Daniel Fuller at the 18th FA Bde.
headquarters at 919-396-5400.
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875-4078 - 875-4775
by Chris Tiedemann
N.C. State University
Getting that wicker furniture out
for summer use means dusting it
with a clean cloth or vacuum
cleaner attachment. From there
raw wicker and painted wicker
require different cleaning methods.
Raw wicker, with no applied
sealer, can be sprayed with a very
fine spray from the garden hose,
says Dr. Linda McCutcheon, ex
tension housing specialist at Norrh
Carolina State University.
Be careful not to wet the wicker
too' heavily, though. If further
cleaning is needed, use a mild soap
or detergent solution, rinse well
and dry thoroughly. A coat of
shellac once a year will enhance the
beauty of raw wicker.
"If the wicker has a painted
finish, clean it the same way you
would a piece of wood furniture
with a painted surface." the spe
cialist advises. Do not wet the
surface of painted wicker furniture
as it might make the paint peel or
crack .
CHECK THAT GAUGE
A pressure canner must be
equipped with an accurate gauge,
or weight, to register the amount of
steam in the canner and control
pressure. Before beginning to can
this year, be sure yours is accurate.
If you have a dial gauge,
attached to the cover of the canner.
with a needle to indicate pressure,
it should be checked each year,
according to Dr. Nadine Tope,
extension food and nutrition spe
cialist at North Carolina State
University.
County Extension offices usually
have the facilities for checking your
dial gauge.
A weight gauge is placed in the
vent pipe and it will jiggle to
indicate and control the pressure.
"Since there is nothing that can get
out of order, it does not need to be
checked." Dr. Tope notes.
SOFT DRINK STAINS
If you or your family spill soft
drinks on your clothing, don't
waste any time before sponging the
spot w ith cool water. Then launder.
Getting Wicker
Ready For Summer
According to Harriet Tutterow,
extension clothing specialist at
North Carolina State University,
some drink stains are invisible after
they dry. but they turn yellow with
aging or heating.
The yellow stain is impossible to
remove.
Use Safe Methods
For Your Canning
Your home canned foods can
provide your family with months
of delicious, nutritious, and
economical meals this year. They
can also give them food poisoning.
Most cases of botulism in home
canned foods occur when the open
kettle or oven canning methods are
used or when people resort to
chemicals and preserving powders,
says Dr. Nadine Tope, extension
food and nutrition specialist at
North Carolina State University.
"Heat resistant bacteria aren't
always present in the foods used in
canning," explains Or. Tope,
"But if this bacteria does happen
to be around, the food will pro
bably spoil unless you use safe can
ning methods."
The open kettle or pot-to-the jar
method of canning has one major
drawback, according to Dr. Tope:
it seldom sterilizes food. It is also
possible for food to become con
taminated with spoilage organisms
on the way from the pot to the jar.
If that happens, says the
specialist, foods will spoil, even if
you get a good seal.
Oven canning should ne\er be
used, because there is no accurate
way to know or control the
temperature. The temperature of
i he oven can \ary according to the
oven regulator and the circulation
of heat. And, jars may explode,
damaging the oven and cutting or
burning people.
"There are no shortcuts to safe,
home canned foods," the specialist
notes. And the best bet is to follow
reliable canning recommendations.
Your county Extension office can
provide further information, if
necessars .
VOTE
CLEO
BRATCHER
HOKE
COUNTY
COMMISSIONER
The People's Candidate
Paid By Committee To Elect Bratcher
BEAUTIFUL PERFORMANCE ~ That 's the way many listeners have described the singing of this West Hoke
School Chorus in its March 24 concert. RIGHT TO LEFT, front ?? Grandella McGregor. Lewis Baldwin. Sharon
Fairley. Thomas McMillan. Jeremy Williams. Holly Schuchard. Second Row. RIGHT TO LEFT ?? Peter Duffy.
Jack Lanier. Tigra Headen. Mary Ross. Priscilla Carson. Terry Barton. Tammy Stephens. Ken Moser. Charles
McClendon. Linda Burch. Patrice Jacobs. Jenny Terry. Rear. RIGHT TO LEFT ? Tryon McLean. Bubby
McMillan. Vinson Grace. Steven Ragusin. Andy Bullock. Vivian Gibson. Chelita Harris. Cinday Sanders. Andrea
Blue. Kathy McBryde. Craig Monroe. Keith Walters. Betsy Floyd is the chorus 's director.
Drifting Continents Among ?
Earliest World Travelers
by Joy Aschenbach
National Geographic News Service
WASHINGTON -- No matter
where in the world you stand, the
land beneath your feet has come
from someplace else.
Florida was once attached to
Africa, and parts of Georgia are
still there. Pieces of Alaska used to
be down near the equator. Forests
grew in what is now Antarctica,
and polar ice covered the Sahara.
Even today New York and
London are moving farther apart.
Los Angeles is heading north and
will eventually approach Alaska.
And Australia may one day bump
into China,
Over millions of years and
continents have drifted thousands
of miles, riding on the backs of
huge plates that form the Earth's
cracked crust. They travel in very
slow motion, at a rate of 1 to 5
inches a year, in almost every
direction but south.
What Started It?
Scientists have known about all
this movement for 70 years and
have been certain of it for at least
15. However, they still can't figure
out exactly what set the continents
in motion, or whether their trips
around the world have been smooth
or jerky.
What drove these odd -shaped
bodies to go their separate ways
after once being part of one
supercontinent is still the biggest
mystery of continental drift.
"Ultimately the driving force has
to be heat in the Earth and the
convection or movement that oc
curs there. But when it comes to the
nature of the convection, the
theories go off in different
directions." said geologist Charles
L. Drake of Dartmouth College.
The absence of a driving force
was one reason that the first
comprehensive concept of con
tinental drift, proposed by German
meterologist Alfred Wegener in
1912. was disrupted for decades.
Few scientists could accept what
Wegener was convinced of: that the
continents had not stayed put. He
pointed out that the edges of some
made near-perfect matches with
others, such as South America's
east coast with Africa's west.
"It's just as if we were to refit the
torn pieces of a newspaper... and
then check whether tne lines of
print run smoothly across,"
Wegener wrote. "It they do. there
is nothing left but to conclude that
the pieces were in fact joined in this
way."
From remarkably similar rocks
and fossils found on opposite
shores of the Atlantic, he con
cluded that the continents had been
joined in one large landmass about
250 million years ago. Wegener
called it Pangaea, meaning "all
lands." Formed from drifting con
tinental fragments, it was sur
rounded by a single ocean. Pantha
lassa. "all seas."
Splitting Up
Pangaea started to break apart
during the age of the dinosaurs,
about 1 80 million years ago. By 125
million years ago it was split across
the middle by a sea called the
Tethys. The sea stretched from
today's Caribbean straight across
to Indonesia, with the Laurasia
landmass to the north and Gond
wanaland to the south. India, then
south of the equator, and Australia
- Antarctica split off from it.
Already the Atlantic had started
to open, separating Africa and
North America, then Africa and
South America, and finally -- about
80 million years ago -- Europe and
North America.
Wegener's theory that the con
tinents were like stone ships plow
ing through the oceans' 'stone floors
only tended to reinforce the skep
tics' contention that the continents
were indeed immovable objects.
The proof Wegener needed was
out of reach - at the bottom of the
ocean. The battle of the "drifters"
and the "fixists" would continue
until after World War II.
Only then did new scientific
instruments start to detect per
manent records in the Earth of
movements Wegener insisted had
occurred.
Earthquake and gravity data
showed that the Earth is like a
cracked soft-boiled egg. Its rigid
outer shell, the lithosphere, is
broken into large plates that rest on
top of a hotter, more plastic layer.
Ranging in thickness from a few
miles to about 155 miles, the plates
are like great rafts on which the
continents and the ocean basins
ride. In all. there are six major
plates and about a dozen smaller
ones.
Underwater Mountains
Ocean drilling and magnetic
data proved that the plates move
away from each other at the axis of
the mid-ocean ridge, an under
water mountain range that winds
about the globe for 40,000 miles.
Along a wide rift in the ridge, lava
bubbles up and, through a
phenomenon called sea-floor
spreading, creates new lithosphere. ^
With all that spreading, the ?
Earth has not gotten larger because
at other points the plates converge,
one sometimes plunging under the
other, or colliding to push up
mountains.
Magnetic lines of direction
frozen in ancient rocks of similar
age point to magnetic poles in
different places, further proof that
the continents had to have changed
locations.
Coupled with fossil evidence, the %
resulting theory of plate tectonics
won over most of the scientific
community by the late 1960s.
Hailed as geology's equivalent of
Darwin's theory of evolution and
Einsteins's theory of relatively, it
explains how continents move,
earthquakes and volcanoes erupt,
and mountains are formed. It has
set scientists on the right course for
possibly predicting earthquakes, A
volcanoes, and the location of oil
and ore deposits.
No longer arguing with the basic
drift theory, today's scientists are
busy expanding it. This year's
discovery of the first fossil of an
antarctic land mammal, for ex
ample, is further evidence that
South America. Antarctica, and
Australia were once joined as part
of Gondwanaland.
Near the top of the globe, ^
researchers are trying to find out ?
where the 50 pieces that make up
Alaska came from originally. "A
few whose movements are known
have traveled a long way -- from
down near the equator," said
David L. Jones of the U.S. Geologi
cal Survey. "Some left there about
210 million years ago, while others
started out just 100 million years
ago. We want to know what
happened when they arrived." %
Studying the other side of the
world, two paleontologists are chal
lenging the accepted view on how
far India traveled before crashing
into Asia. They contend that it
didn't drift 5,000 miles across open
ocean from the antarctic area.
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HOKE COUNTY ?
RESCUE SQUAD
Community Service Since 1962
The Globe's Changing Face
180 MILLION YEARS AGO
The supercontinent Pangaea, formed earlier
from drifting pieces of land, starts to break up.
100 MILLION YEARS AGO
By now Africa and South America
have split off; India heads north.
TODAY
Still moving, the continents will one
day turn coastal California into an island.
BY PETER BALCH C
1X2 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY |