SWINE SANITATION -
MOST PROFITABLE
(IVcparwl fey tko United Depart*M»t
Of Agriculture.>
Lack of thoroughness in nstng (ho
modern system of swine sanitation re
salts In s corresponding decline in Its
effectiveness. This assertion by the
United'States Department of Agricul
ture Is based on the experience of 100
Indians farmers, some of whom fol
lowed official directions completely
while others, for comparts
only parts of the system,
was directed by Indiana
workers with the following results:
Swine owners who cleaned farrow
ing pens before sows were put in
raised an average of only 5.00 pigs
per nuer.
Owners who cleaned and also disin
fected the farrowing pens railed an
average of 5.67 pigs per litter.
Owners who cleaned and disinfected
farrowing pens and also washed sows
before putting them into the pen
raised 6.85 pigs per litter.
Owners who followed ail of the prac
tices mentioned and in addition pujt
their pigs on fresh pastures during
the suckling period raised an averags
of 8 pigs per litter. The last method
is the complete method.
It thus appears that any “cutting of
corners” In using the system of swine
sanitation reduces Its effectiveness
considerably. Department officials
point out that the complete method,
however. Is simple and easily followed
and urge that it be used in full.
Showing that from one to three
more pigs per litter were raised when
owners followed modern methods of
swine sanitation, a report received by
the United States Department of Ag
rimlture on results n Illinois Is of
special Interest to hog men. The sys
tem of sanitation used was based on
Investigations of federal scientists In
the control of roundworms and other
parasites.
“In most cases,’’,, the report states,
“as many pigs as usual were raised
from one-third fewer sows, and over
65 per cent of the pigs saved at far
rowing time were marketed.”
More than 600 Illinois farmers used
the method of swine sanitation last
year and its popularity Is spreading.
Selecting Swine Breed
on Personal Preference
Three points should be taken Into
consideration by farmers who have to
choose a breed of hogs to raise, or
who desire to change breeds, accord
ing to the animal husbandry depart
ment at the New York State College
of Agriculture at Ithaca.
The first of these Is personal pref
erence, they say, for If a fanner has
a breed which he likes he will take
better care of them and will feel bet
ter satisfied.
The second factor is community
’preference. The most popular breed
In a community usually has been se
lected because of Its adaptability to
the locality or suitability to the mar
ket’needs. Then, too, a uniform prod
uct in a locality usually makes mar
keting easier and frequently brings
higher prices.
The adaptation to local conditions
Is the third factor to take Into, con
sideration. This can be illustrated by
the white hog which is popular In this
section but which suffers from skin
scald in the South.
The department says, however, that
there Is often more difference between
Individuals of a breed than there la
between the breeds. From this stand
point, they advise that It would be
more profitable for a farmer who al
ready has a herd to practice careful
selection and Judicious culling than to
try to find a better breed.
Best Plan to Vaccinate
Pigs When Quite Young
Dr. Robert Gntharo of the veteri
nary department of tlie University of
Illinois recently reported the results
of the experimental work conducted
by him, which results agree closely
with the recommendations of the
United States Department of Agricul
ture, and show that it Is good prac
tice to vaccinate pigs at least a month
before they are weaned, so they may
have time to recover from the effects
of vaccinating before weaning. _
Doctor Graham indicates further in
his report that It is bekt to g)ve plen
ty of virus, jin order to secure lasting
Immunity. The results of these ex
perimeBts also indicate that It la not
always poeelblS to secure 100 per
cent immuntty under all conditions;
flint i* yo»;may flnd a few hogi that
y Immune
mm
8Mrngi1!ftha
MW
Increases Productivity
Soils as Effectively as
' Fertilizers. - „
•( ivtnltin.)
Crop rotation Is a farm practice
irhlch may be uaed by the farmer to
tncivase the productivity of hla eolla
u effectively as the use of manure or
commercial fertilizers, says the Unit
ed States Department of Agriculture.
Furthermore, crop rotation as ordi
narily practiced does not entail any
extra cost The extra yield due to this
practice Is therefore a profit that may
be credited to the farmer’s managerial
ability.
Rotation Effective.
A study of the long-continued soil
fertility experiments of this country
snd of England, made by the depart
ment, has brought out some Important
facts about crop rotation In Its rela
tion to soil productivity.- These are
discussed in Farmers’ Bulletin 1475-F,
Just issued. . In general, crop rotation
has been found to be practically 65
per cent as effective as farm manure
or complete fertilizers in maintaining
the yields of wheat, corn and oats,
and about 90 per cent as effective as
these fertilizers in Increasing the
yields of these three major crops.
The beneficial effects of crop rotation
do not Impair the benefits derived
from the Use of fertilizers; so that
when these two farm practices are
combined the one practice adds to
the benefits of the other.
For example, corn at the Missouri
experiment station yielded 22.4 bush
els per acre from cultivation - alone.
When corn was manured the yield
was increased by 14.7 bushels, or to
37.1 bushels per acre; when It was
grown In rotation with other crops
the yield was Increased by 15.1 bush
els, or to 87.5 bushels per acre. How
ever, when both manuring and rota
tion were practiced, the acre yield
was increased by 25.3 or to a total of
47.7 bushels per acre.
Trials at Urbana.
Even more striking results than the
above were recorded In trials at Ur
bana, 111. In these experiments the
nse of fertilizers consisting of pulver
ized limestone, farm manure and phos
phate, was compared with a rotation
of corn, oats and clover. The average
yield of ^orn obtained without the use
of etthe* rotation or fertilizers' on this
particular prairie, soil in Illinois, was
23.4 bushels per acre. The gain ef
fected by rotation alone was practi
cally three times that obtained from
the use of fertilizers and lime, or 27.8
bushels due to rotation, and only 9.2
due to the fertilizers. The total in
crease from the use of both -fertilizers
and rotation was 44.2 bushels per acre,
or 7.2 bushels greater than the sum of
their separate increases.
While rotations in different sections,
in a given locality, or even on a single
farm may differ, there are certain
fundamental principles of crop rota
tion which have general application.
These must be understood by the
farmer if be is to put himself In a po
sition to utilize the results that have
been worked out by state experiment
stations for his locality. The purpose
of this bulletin is to acquaint the
farmer with the basic principles of
crop rotation and to stress the impor
tance of the practice, in relation to
farming. A copy of the bulletin may
' be obtained, as long as the supply
lasts, by writing to the United States
Department of Agriculture, Washing
ton, D. C.
Barley Found Cheapest
Feed for Beef Cattle
Once 1 visited a cattle feeder, who
said: "I have found barley to be a
better feed for beef cattle than corn.”
The statement caused questioning, as
the average * middle western feeder
has concluded long age that barley
fed steers might gain as rapidly as
corn fed steers, but with a~ higher cost
of gain.
A comparison of corn and barley
In a ration of corn silage, linseed oil
cake and alfalfa hay for fattening
J>aby beeves was made by the Colorado
experiment station.
The two lots of calves gained prac
tically the same, as the average gain
per head for 208 days was only two
pounds greater In the barley fed lot
It was-foundi however, that cheaper
gains were pot on by the calves to the
barley'fed lot In the production of
100 pounds of gain, one ton of bartey
replaced 1,904.4 pounds of corn, 6.8
pounds of com silage and 22&1 pounds
of alfeife hay. to this test com was:
worth 95.2 per cent the value of bar
ley.' I
The barley fpd calves outsold the
TA8TY GOOD THING®
A fresh beef tongue If boiled until
tender, then cooled and skinned. Ik
wnctma oane rum w
a baking pan and cover
with celery, carrots and
plenty of the broth and
babe for two to three
honra, basting often. Till*
te a dish nice to eerv*
for dinner when eop»
■ pany is not one of ar
riving on time, as it will
not barm by standing for
an hour or more in an
oven, being r«*4f to serve Instantly.
Salmon Luncheon; Web.—Heat a ean
of salmon before removing the fish
from the ean. TUth out on a hot platr
ter, remove the skin anJ bones and
surround the fish with riced, mashed
potato. Pour round the potato a rich
white sauce and set the platter Into
a dripping pan of hot water. When
thoroughly hot serve garnished With
bits of parsley.
Orange Cream Pie.—Beat two egg
yolks and add one-half cupful of
sugar, two tablespoonfuls of flour and
one of cornstarch; cook In a pint of
milk, adding the grated rind of an
orange. Beat the egg whites stiff and
spread over the pie after It lias baked,
until thick. Add sugar and orange
Juice to the whites, then brown.
A regular custard pie may be treat
ed thus: Bake It with orange rind
for flavor, then when baked cover
with an orange sauce made with a
little sugar, flour, orange juice and a
bit of butter and water cooked to
gether. Spread this over the custard,
then t#p with the meringue and
brown. The combination Is unusual
and Inviting.
Chocolate We.—Melt two squares of
chocolate, add half a cupful of sugar,
four tablespoonfuls of cornstarch, a
pint of milk, three egg yolks and a
teaspoonful of vanilla. Cook the mix
ture until thick before adding the
eggs. Pour Into a baked pastry shell
and cover with a meringue made from
the egg whites.
Soup* and^ Garnishes.
Soup will never grow out of style
for food, as It Is often the most ac
ceptable and the
moat enjoyed aisn
of the menu.
There ere so
many varieties
that he la indeed
hard to suit who
cannot And one to
his liking.
velvet soup.—
Cook one-half cupful of tapioca. In elz
cupfuls of well seasoned veal stock.
When thoroughly cooked add the yolks
of three well-beaten eggs, stir until
smooth and creamy, season with salt
and peeper and a pinch of grated
nutmeg. Serve hot with croutons—
small squares of buttered bread toast
ed in the oven.
8cotch Puree.—Put Into a kettle one
pound of mutton with the broken
bones. Cover with three quarts of
water and bring to the boiling point.
Skim and simmer for one hour. Add
six potatoes,' two onions, one carrot
cut fine and simmer for two hours
longer. Season with salt, pepper and
butter, after straining and reheating.
Serve with croutons.
Bisque of Turnip.—Put a table
spoonful of butter, one sliced onion,
three slices of carrot into a saucepan,
toss until slightly cooked, then add
four good-sized tumlps grated. There
should be a pint of pulp. Cover the
saucepan without adding any water,
simmer on the back of the stove for
twenty minutes. Add a quart of milk,
two tablespoonfulq each of flout and
butter well mixed; cook until smooth,
add salt, cayenne pepper and a tea
spoonful of kitchen bouquet. Strain
and serve with, small squares of
farina.
Cheese Balls.—Take one-naif cup
fnl of ftoor, one-half capful of milk, a
tablespoonful each of butter and
cheese. Mix In a double boUer, cook
until smooth, add one egg well beat
en, and cook tdng ^enough to set the
egg. get aside to cool. Form Into
balls the size of hickory nuts, drop
Into boiling soap, cook «re minutes
and serve immediately.
':;k'
Constipation. Flatulency, Wind
Colic and Diarrhea; allaying
Feveruhnes* ari*in* therefrom, and, by regulating the StomadB
and Bowels, aids the assimilation of Food; frying natural sleep.
Wc-forthe
To avoid
Judge—“HSveyon ever bee® con
victed before?” Prisoner—“No," your
honor, always after.”—Boston Tran
script.
■ TVii. •>'.
rr omea
"Dear, papa like* yon *
•That's fine.”
"No, It Isn’t Mother nerer agrees
with him.”
And then
Grandma
Danced
\ .
“TT7E were quite alarmed about mother. She wouhfcrt
YY eat; was terribly constipated, bilious, and seemed to
be fading fast We thought it doe entirely to her 86 years
of age. But a neighbor brought over a bottle of Dr. Caloweffa
Svtud Penan and it was really remarkable how she pitted right
well in the stoat
with old folks
gripe, pain or
•?358*«o, v*m
The Sorer Course
“Who's your lawyer. Spike?”
“I employ an alienist.”'—Louisville
Courier-Journal.
We forgive ourselves our sins, but
never our bad breaks.
She Did
“Woman’s place to In the heme.**
“Aw, she swum the English channel,
didn’t eber .
gome men are such swindlers that
they cheat themselves.
IMfaSili
SAY ‘‘BAYER ASPIRIN”-*
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Unless you see the “Bayer Doss” on tablets,;
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