CALEB JOHNSON-
HOW THE CONSTITUTION GREW 1
The Constitution was not intended £
to be a rigid body of law, but a
broad statement of democratic prin
ciples and a set of rules for the ap
plication of those principles. For as
long as the Legislative, Executive
and Judicial branches of the Federal
Government adhered to those prin
ciples and were guided by those
rules, they were given almost a free
hand to do anything that changing
circumstances and conditions might
require to be done. If at any time
it seemed desirable to change the
rules, the Constitution itself pro- i
vided a method of amendment.
The growth of the Constitution,
to keep pace with the growth of the
nation and the changing times, has,
however, been accomplished not as
much by changing the rules as by
successive interpretations of the
rules by the Supreme Court. There
have been only eleven amendments
to the Constitution in the 144 years
since the adoption of the first ten,
which constituted the Bill of Rights.
But through the decisions of the
Supreme Court, the principles which
were stated only in broad, genera)
terms by the framers of the Consti
tution, have been clarified and ap
plied, almost from the beginning, in
new ways to meet new situations.
The great body of constitutional law
comprised in the decisions of the
Supreme Court has become as much
a pait of the Constitution as the
original document itself. It has been
developed into something living,
flexible, adaptable to every social and
economic change in human affairs;
yet not once, feither by amendment
or by interpretation, have the funda
mental principles laid down in the
Constitution been abandoned.
The growth of the Constitution be
gan with the advent of John Marsh
all as Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court in 180 i.' In the 34 years
throughout which Marshall presided
over the Judicial branch of the Fed
eral Govrenment, hardly a phase of
the Constitution did not come before
the Court for interpretation. John
Marshall's decisions pointed the way
to keep the Constitution abreast of
the time without sacrificing the
principles of democracy.
Marshall first seized upon the
possibilities inherent in the clause
giving Congress power to regulate
commerce between the states. His
successors, following his lead, have
made it possible by their decisions,
to expand the powers of the Federal
Government in peace with social
and economic evolution. No provi
sion of the Constitution has been
more zealously scrutinized than this
one, as both Congress and the Ex
ecutive have constantly sought to
broaden the powers of the Federal
Government. Upon the rather slen
der thread of "commerce among the
several states" hangs a weight of
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Federal powers that would have
snapped any less elastic provision.
Through the bold exercise of its
right to decide what the Constitu
tion means, the Supreme Court has
made the Constitution reflect the
solid convictions of the people,
throughout all the transformations
brought about by forces of which
the framers of the Constitution
never dreamed. The ineviable re
sult of steam and electricity, ap
plied In railroads, telegraph and
telephone, was to unify the Nation,
and to give the Federal Government
steadily increasing importance as
compared with the individual states.
The great function pf the Supreme
Court has been to determine how
far the Federal Government might
exercise its powers to meet condi
tions thrust upon it by such physi
cal unification without infringing
unduly upon the rights reserved to
the states.
The
FAMILY DOCTOR
(By John Joseph Gaines, M. D.)
THE COLON BACILLUS
This common guest of ours does no
harm, so long as it inhabits the col
on, the large bowel; but when it gets
into the blood-stream, through an
ulcer of the rectum or from a wound,
then grave trouble may, occur. Nfcmy
cases of gall-bladder infection, ap
pendicitis, and suppurating inflam
mation of the urinary bladder may
result.
Once the colon bacillus was not
considered particularly harmful. We
know better now. Every health
board of cities looks out for this
more than common polluter of the
public water-system.
My opinion is that the colon bacil
lus is equally dangerous, if not more
so, than, the typhoid germ. The
microscopist may indeed find it easy
to mistake the colon "bug" for the
typhoid. But there is a distinct dif
ference in form. The colon germ iS
thicker in its middle and more fusi
form in shape.
The colon bacillus is scattered or
disseminated with human excrement.
It may mingle with soil. Hence the
oudoor toilet, such as has been used
by farm homes, is a distinctly un
sanitary and dangerous proposition.
The only safe model is the one with
a deep pit underneath it which
must be treated with un-slacked
lime regularly. The content should
never be permitted to accumulate on
the ground, where it can be washed
away by showers.
The farm home which has this
equipment should tear it down at
once and burn it over its own site.
Then build a house-toilet with a tile
drain, so that it may be deluged with
strong aiitiseptics. This letter is
not for city dwellings with modern,
sanitary conveniences..
DRUG-ADDICTS
America 1s a nation of drug-ad
diction. I do not mean opium or
narcotic addiction. But I do mean
that we are habitual drug users Just
the same.
For instance, alcohol. I belie/e
we have a hundred alcohol- addicts
to one opium user. From the old
grandma who sips her daily tonic
containing alcohol, to the inebriate
THE ELKIN TRIBUNE. ELKIN. NORTH CAROLINA
who takes his daily llbatipns of
"white mule"—all Americans use
alcohol to some degree and its sub
tle effect on the human system often
leads to addiction.
I suppose there are not figures
enough'to number our tobacco users,
all the most profound addicts. To
bacco contain§ a powerful drug,
nicotine, which steals into the hu
man system producing the most in
tense desire. It is appalling that so
many children, young boys and girls,
P.re becoming tobacco users. I have
not room here to say more of that.
And you who lingered long ever
your sups, you tea and coffee fiends.
You are drug-addicts, every one of
you. There is a record of a lady and
her grown daughter who together
consumed 42 cups of strong tea daily.
Both were nervous wrecks. I myself
knew a laborer who boasted of drink
ing seven cups of coffee at each
meal. So far as I know he kept it
up and lived to old age.
All these people were unmistak
able drug-addicts. They were dis
tinctly within the danger-zone.
Let me say this of alcohol, tea
and coffee. All of them, if used
within the strict limit of temperance,
are distinct benefactors of the hu
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DEPARTMENT STORE ELKIN, N. C. "■ Ml n & * and
man race. It is only EXCESS that
kills. Bear this in mind always.
Statement of the Ownership, Man
agement, Circulation, Etc., Re
plied by the Acta of Congiett
August 24, 1912, and March S,
1933
Of The Elkin Tribune, published
weekly 4t Elkin, for October 1, 1935.
1. That the names and addresses
of the publisher, editor, managing
editor, and business managers are:
I Publisher, Elk Printing Co., Inc.;
Managing Editor, H. P. Laffoon;
Business Manager, H. P. Laffoon,
Elkin, N. C.
2. That the owner is: Elk Print
ing Co., Inc.; H. P. Laffoon, C. S.
Poster, Mrs. C. 8. Poster, all of El
kin, N. C.
3. That the known bondholders,
mortgagees and other security hold
ers owning or holding 1 per cent or
more of total amount of bonds,
mortgages or other securities are:
Mrs. C. S. Poster, Elkin, N. C."
H. P. LAPPOON,
Business Manager.
The "Blue Law" stamp of Bel
gium specifies that the letter is not
to be delivered on the Sabbath.
HUGH A. ROYALL
INSURANCE
FIRE AUTOMOBILE CASUALTY
Travelers Accident Tickets for One Day or More
■
1 NOTICE!
I Pay yom electric light bill before the 10th of each
month. 5 percent will be added after the 10th.
DUKE POWER COMPANY
PHONE 210
— —O
7, •* :V J - - - -'-•ftSjgggpra
Thursday. October 3. 1936