V WEATHER
-Today, colder in westpor
The News A paperforv
all the people and for ths
people all the time. Read
it and keep posted.
tion; much colder at night
"with cold wave; Thursday :
fair and colder.
r
VOL. ni. NO. 98
LAST EDITION.
GKEENSBOEO, N. C. WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 29, 1908
LAST EDITION.
PRICE FIVE CENTS
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BREWERS SEEK
TO HALT WAVE
DFPROHIBTION
Arc Furnishing Congress With
' Interesting Data on Govern
ment Revenue.
TELL WHO REALLY PAYS
UNCLE SAM'S EXPENSES
Defend Their Product As a Temperance
Drink and Quote Harse Henry Wat
tenon in Support of Their Contention.
How Other Industries Benefit
BY JOHN E. MONK.
Washington, D. C, Jan. 28. Putting
to the forefront of their argument the
declaration that beer provides the rev
enue to make the wheels of government
go 'round, and that to wipe out its man
ufacture would 1 result disastrously to
many lines of industry, resulting in an
economic upheaval, the .brewers of the
United States are making preparations
to fight tooth and nail the reformers in
whose wake drastic regulation, or abso
lute prohibition of the liquor traffic is
extending from one end of the country
to the other, especially below Mason
and Dixon's line.
Some' startling figures are contained
in a pamphlet entitled, "Who Pays
Uncle Sam's Expenses?" just circulated
among senators and representatives in
congress. This pamphlet was put out
by the brewers. - They have determined
to enter upon a campaign of education to
head off the prohibition movement.
"Who Pays Uncle Sam's Expenses?"
This question is answered in brief as
follows: "The salary of the President,
Vice-President, and entire cabinet, for
the year is collected from ; the beer
drinkers in one day. By midnight; Jan
uary 1, the smokers of cigars and cigar-
(Continued da Page Two.) -
ASSISTAMT OF ftCCUSED
MAN tESTlFfES IW THE
PENHfl. EHAFT CASES
Architect for Keystone State's
Monument to Craft Likely
to Be Called.
STRANGE IGNORANCE SHOWN
Harrisburg, Pa., Jan. 28. The appear
ance of Stanford B. Lewis, the active
assistant of Architect Joseph M. Hus
ton during the construction and fur
nishing of the capitol, as a witness for
the commonwealth at the trial of the
capitol prosecution in the Dauphin Coun
ty Court today, tends to confirm a ru
mor that. Huston has an understanding
with the commonwealth and will be
one of its witnesses.
Lewis was called to identify the plans
and specifications prepared by Huston
for the furnishings of the capitol and
also to explain the "quantities plan,"
upon which orders were given at various
times for furnishings. He was cross
examined by P, F. Rothermel, of counsel
for Sanderson, and was on the stand
when court adjourned for the day. Lew
is is under indictment on two charges
of conspiracy in connection with the al-
'leged capitol frauds. ,
' Huston's brother, the Rev. Samuel
C. Huston, came here today from Phil
adelphia on a ubpoena issued by the
V commonwealth, and will be called as a
witness tomorrow.
Today's sessions of court were devoted
by the commonwealth to laying the
foundation of its case. James Pearlct,
' in his opening address to the jury, said
the commonwealth expected to prove
that the defendants, Contractor John II.
Sanderson, former Auditor-General Wil
liam P. Snyder, former State Treasurer
William L. Matthues and James M. Shu
maker, former superintendent of grounds
and buildings, conspired to Cheat and
; dafraud the state in the payment of the
bills for tho capitol furnishings.
John E. Stott, former secretary of
the board of public grounds. And build
ings, .who was on the stand for an hour
under , examination by the common
wealth! seemed reluctant to identify cer
tain plans and specifications prepared by
Huston. He could not recognize tbem as
having been seen by him before, incse
- plans were in the possession of the board
and it appeared to the prosecution that
Stott, as its secretary, shoujd have had
access to and been familiar with them.
Stott was also examined as to the of
ficial signatures as to capitol , furnish
ing contracts. ' .' ,y
Gaming Otttflta Burned, ' .
Danville. Va- Jan. 8. The paraphe-
oelia seized by the police authorities in
. recent raids on aucgea gamming esiao
l!hments in the city and where , eon
miction of the proprietors has resulted,
were burnt up this morning in the Jail
yard. ; Two round tables, many decks of
, Wavlntf cards, and poker thins, which
have no doubt at times represented hnn.i
dreds of dollars, all went up in smoke.
The burning of the outfits was recently
'ordered by Judge A.' M. Aiken of the
Corporation Court.
JUSTICE TO FIGH
RATECOMPROjySE
IN HOUSE TjDAY
Speaker Is Preparing to Go Clear
Off ReservationDoes n't Want
Thai $17500 of Railroad Cash,
and Will Move That House Ad
journ if Any More Speeches Like
Those of Yesterday in Senate Are
Made.
BY JOHN
Raleigh, N. C, Jan. 28. It may be
said tonight that coming events are
casting an ominous shadow before. On
all sides'' one may hear of wars, and
rumors of wars, and from all indications
the pyrotechnics will start tomorrow.
Speaker Justice, it is declared tonight,
will go upon the ' floor of the House
tomorrow and resist the proposed rati
fication of the Glenn-Finlcy compromise.
Hundreds of railway employes are hold
ing up their hands, and are ready to offer
the Speaker every encouragement in this
enterprise. Today four hundred of the
skilled machanics of Salisbury and Spen
cer petitioned the legislature to pass the
Julian bill, repealing the act of the
last legislature, and go home.
Furthermore, Mr. Justice is being
quoted as having made the statement
that if any more such speeches as were
made the Senate today on the rate bill,
were repeated, he would fa'vor the pass
age of a resolution favoring the imme
diate adjournment of the House.
The Senate is for the Graham bill, de
signed to put into effect a flat 2V3-cent
rate, leaving the matter of the mile
age books to the railroads and which
takes care of the shortlines, as do most
of the bills that have thus far been in
troduced. ' This Graham bill makes it
possible to fine or imprison any rail
0.5.
SUPREME COURT FOR
II RECENT DECISION
Takes Issue With Highest Tribunal
on Question of Discharging
Union Men.
CAN'T UNDERSTAND ITS LOGIC
Washington, D. C, Jan. 28. In a
window recess of the wjde haU of the
front of the Senate chamber William
J. Bryan held an impromptu reception
for senators and representatives for an
hour today. -.
An animated discussion , took place
between Senator Bailey and Mr. Bryan.
As Mr. Bryan said later, the discussion
was about the Democratic view of the
currency question. Both Mr. Bryan and
Senator Bailey said there 'had been very
little difference of opinion. Both stood
for the direct government issue of
money instead of an issue through the
banks. Mr. Bryan would make no state
ment as to whether ho approved of the
complete plan of Senator Bailey as out
lined in the substitute he will offer for
the Aldrich bill, but be said that its
basis was good Democratic doctrine
brought down from the time of Jeffer
son. :: "
Mr. Bryan again visited the lobby of
the House today, and spent an hour or
more chatting with Representative OIlie
Jones, of Kentucky, and other mem
bers. - .. -
Mr. Bryan's attention being called to
the Supreme Court decision holding that
(Continued on page Two.)
FIRE IN THE OBSERVER
OFFICE, FATETTEVILIE
BUTXDIH6 SLIGHTLY BUKIfBD.
LOSS OF MATERIAL ABOUT
$3,500 PARTIAL nrSURAlfCE.
Fayetteville, ' X. C, Jan. 28. Fire
started at one o'clock this morning in
the office of the Observer newspaper,
and did considerable damage. Type,
cases and valuable records and papers
on the second floor were destroyed.
Other material was badly damaged. The
linotypes, presses and engine on the
first floor escaped serious Injury. The
building was only slightly burned. The
loss is about $2,500, am), is partially
covered by insurance. .The origin of the
fire is unknown. The paper will be is
sued without-interruption. ( ; :.
' New Postmaster at Charleston.
Washington, D. C, Jan. 28. The Sen
ate today coiinrmed the nomination of
Wi L. Harris to be postmaster t at
Charleston, 8. C-j and : of "Samuel T.
Pointer tq be postmaster at Spartan
burg, S. C , t t f, ,
: -i-, :-V j - ?" K.-.j'.? '
- . V "
CROUCH.
road ager.v or employe found guilty of
violating lb'1 law,
Will Fight That $17,500.
Mr.' Justice, it is said, will put his
seal of condemnation on the proposal to
put that $17,500 of railroad money into
the state treasury, and will take the
position that the present- law has not
been shown to l:c unfair or confiscatory.
Most of those, who will tafk, however,
contend that the majority of the House
members will be with the coventor, and
that they will leave the-Speaker 'high j'
ana ory, wr:n no support save
which he will receive from those
feel that the railroad cases should
thut .j
w'hO -
nave
been allowed to take their appointed
course through the courts, and from the
railroad employes who do not want to
lose their jobs, or have their salaries re
duced. .
-I he House will in all probability favor
the Preston'-Weaver bill, which "carries
a provision for a 2VJ-cent flat rate, and
for the mileage book agreement arrived
at between the governor and President
Fitiley. This Housei bill is, essentially,
the Glenn-Finlcy compromise, while the
eenate nas ignored tne governor in some :
material respects.
PrcKincnt Finley and General Counsel
(Continued on Page Six.)
T
BIS FIRE THE?
SECTION OF
CHICAGO IN THREE DAYS
Loss Is Estimated at More Than
$1,000,000 Caused by
Flames. .
OTHER BLAZES REPORTED
Chicago, Jan. 28, The third disastrous
fire in the business district of the eity
in as many days caused a loss tonight
estimated at more than $1,000,000 in
the almost complete destruction of the
building at 144 Wabash avenue, occupied
by Alfred Peats and Company, dealers
in wall-paper, the building adjoining it
on the south, occupied by John A. Colby
and Sons, furniture dealers, and that in
the rear, fronting on Michigan avenue,
occupied toy the millinery firm of Kdi
son, Keith and Company. Those to the
north and south of the Keith building
occupied by Gage Brother and Company
and Theodore Ascher and Company, mil
linery firms, were damaged by fire and
water. .'':' :-''-. J
The fire started in the engine-room of
the Peats building and raged for three
hours. Street car lines throughout the
downtown district and the elevated dis
trict were tied up. The work of the
firemen was witnessed by at least 15,
000 persons.
The . losses as apportioned tonight
among the various firms were: Alfred
Peats and Company $250,000; John A.
Colby and Sons $200,000; Edison Keith
and Company $600,000 Gage Brothers
(Cnn'.lnued on page Two.)
ALDRICH CURRENCY BILL
s TO SENATE THURSDAY
Its Sponsor Explains to Eemocrats the Changes in Bill Substi
tute Is Offered by the Minority.
Washington, Jan. 28, The Aldrich fin
ancial bijl will be reported to the Senate
on Thursday. ' 'The finance committee
held ' two meetings today and practi
cally finished the. discussion and deter
mination of the measure. ' :i
At the meeting in the afternoon, Sen
ator Aldrich acquainted the Democratic
members with the changes in the bill
which . the majority of the committee
has practically decided must be reported.
It contained the . various amendments
which hare been published from time to
time, including the increase in the
amount of emergency currency to be
authorized, the provision for keeping
notes on bend in the subtreaseuries and
the authorization to the treasury de
partment to proceed to the collection of
data concerning municipal bonds; v,;-
The section relating to the filing of
railroad bonds will remain in the bill,
although it has been determined to re
flTEHTIHL
MARRIAGES GET
BITTER SCORING
Representative McGavin. of Nil.
nols. Delivers Diatribe Against
Such Alliances.
BRYAN'S BOOM GETS A
FURTHER HOT AIR SUPPLY
National Politics; International Mar
riages and Federal Expenditures Form
Themes cf Discussion In the Lower
H0USJ. '': ' .
Washington, D. C, Jan. 2S.--Nntoral
politics, ' international, mama-jos mid
governmental expenditures iormed the
themes of discussion in the House to
day.'. The urgent .'deficiency bill was up
for consideration, but 111 several in
stances it was ignored ruler the license
of general debate.
The presenco of Y llliiim T. Bryan 111
tho
lobby of the .House: furnished 111-
spiration to 'Mr. Wallace, of .Alcannas.
for vigorous speech m which, while
ndmittiiip that Mr. Ervar. bad wade mis
takes and had been churned with talk
ing too much, he said thnt the Nebras
knn was worthy the honor and i;n"r:ijre
of all the state".
' "They say he ha mtule lu'stakes,"
said Mr. Wallace. "They say lie is a
radical.,' What reformer is not?" he in
quired. "They say im is dogmatic, in
dependent. AVho would have him o'-ed-ient,
subservient?" He thanked God
there wass no earthly prince who at
! noonday can proclaim "it, is night": and
have
Will'am J. Bryan forthwith de
clare that be sees the' moon sml the
stars. It hadibeen said, Mr. Wallace
declared, that Mr. Brvsn "cannot cany
this or that stale. He mny not be
elected or may not; carry a slate here
and there." he remarked, "but I say he
...111 .1a knU... 1,A will tnnviltnft tli '
world of his own manhood." .
This. utterance aroused. the Democrats
to loud spplause. "I will say," he re
peated, "he will cary conviction to all
the slates, and that he bears within
himself the elements that make . the
world proclaim him a man worthy the
honor and suffrage of all the states."
Scores International Marriages.
International marriages of American
heiresses to titled foreigners were de
nounced by . Mr. McGavin, of Illinois,
who spoke" on the bill of. his colleague.
Mr. Sabath, to tax all dowries and
titled husbands. He wondered what the
early pioneers would think and say if
from their graves they could look back
and see so many of the women of this
miintrv "Ber!flpitis their Bonis and
honor upon the altar of snobbery and I
vice." Ho expressly stated that he had
reference to no particular American girl
nor had ho prejudice against all titled
men.-
Mr. McGavin said the United States
triumphantly had referred to the fact
that as between it and other nations the
balance of trade was in its favor, "but,"
he said, "nowhere in the summary can
be found a reference to such trade as
that in which soiled and frayed nobil
ity, is exchanged for a few million Amer
ican dollars wrung from the lambs of
Walls street, with a woman thrown in to
boot. Every day, he declared, "seem
ed to be bargain day in New York
city, whether it be for a yard of rib
bon or a pound of flesh; whether it be
upon the retail counter of Broadway or
the auction block of Fifth avenue."
"In these days," he said, "wealthy Amer
ican girls traveling abroad,, when they
see some remnant of royalty, enthusias
tically exclaim: 'Oh, mama, but me
that.' An interpreter is then secured, a
bargain is made, tho money is produced
and the girl is gone to soon return a
sadder, but a wiser one."
In conclusion, Mr. McGavin said,
"trlilln T Tiam MiTjmrpd in rottia criticism
(Continued on Foge Two.)
write it Into more definite form. The
committee has demanded that it be put
in such shape as to afford instant know
ledge to 'the treasury ! authorities who
are t issue currency based on their se
curity, that the railroad bond offered
are of the proper character and value.
In other words, the emergency nature
of the bill will be extended to. the nego
tiations with railroad bonds as well as
to municipal and county bonds, the data
of which the treasury department is to
keep on hand. The files of the inter
state commerce commission, where every
railroad is ' required to place accurate
8at concerning Its property and' hold
ings, will he requisitioned by the, gov
ernment in this respect. , . J
remocrats will at the next meet
the committee on finance, to. be
Thursday, offer. their Substitute
AJdrioh bill, which will prescribe
issueance of treasury notes in the
of deposits in designed depositaries.
The J
ing off
helLn
fothe
m. irm
Gov. Folk Wants
If , . r J
: : liiiiegr p-i-::'
mf& 1 i H. W it--- iT TO A-i'-fefc f. '
' G0VFEW0R JOSEPH Vr
Governor Folk hns nnnoiincml Iiih can
uidncy ftr I mted Mates senator to aw
coed v J. rstono. Jic win stare his
campaign with a t-pecii in St. .Joseph
the tirt week in Felniir.-.y. In his an
nouncement (Jovernor Folk says in part :
"If I can be of r.evvice to the party
and tliORe who believe in tli. .ideas 1
have been advocating by aiiowing my.
name to be considered for United State.
WEALTHY IN TRIES TD
T
T
He Is Charged With Trespass end
With Carrying Concealed
Weapons.
POLICEMEN ARE INVOLVED
Tampa, Fla., Jan. 28. An attempt
made by Clifford A. Ford, a wholesale,
grocer of Buffalo, N. Y., to abduct his
two children, a girl of six and a boy
of five, from the custody of his wife and
his father-in-law, H. C. Crawford, a
wealthy lumberman of Olean, X. Y- re
sulted today in the arrest of Ford and
his friend, George M. Scarborough, who
claims to be an assistant to attorney
general of New York state, on charges
of trcsnassine, ami ..later "oh the addi
tional charge of carrying
concealed
weapons.
Ford and Scarborough went to the
house in this city where Lrawtord, ins ;
dauchter and the children have beenl
stonuine for two weeks, anil entered, but
left without the children, Crawford or
dering them out at the point of a pis
tol. Following today's developments,
members of the police" department were
accused of complicity in the attempted !
kidnapping, and one policeman, W. H.i
B.uss, was suspended by the mayor on j
the charge of accepting one hundred and
fifty dollars from Scarborough.
Scarborough proved to bo' a friend of 1
Congressman Y, B. Lamar, of the Third j
Florida district, who is in Tampa, and :
Lamar appeared for him in court today. '
Crawford says Ford mistreated the chil-i
dren, and his wife has determined to
Ford declares that lie will have them
before leaving Tampa.
FOUR GARS OF FLYER
FALL FROM TRESTLE
BUT
ONE MAN SERIOUSLY HURT
AND HE HAS HEP
CRUSHED. ". '. ''"
Hattiesburg, Miss., Jan, 28. -Four cars
of the fast passenger train on the New
Orleans and Northeastern railroad top
pled off a low trustle just noth of Orvis
burg today and rolled down an embank
ment. The tender jumped the track as
the engine hit the trestle. The engine
cleared the trestle safely but the tender,
baggage and mail ears and , two day
coaches plunged over the side. The
sleeping cars remained on the rails.
Dr. Johnson, of Laurence, Miss., whose
hip was crushed, was the most seriously
injured of the passengers. Several others
were painfully bruised. The mail car
caught fire and was destroyed with all
the mail, which included matter mostly
for points between Cincinnati and New
Orleans. ;
Seat in the Senate
FOLK OF MISSOURI.
1 senator 1 shall (In sn. I Khali continue
to tijrlit in in ofinial position if the peo
ple uesrre; 11 ihey release me from tur
;t!ier cilliciul duties I shall fight on in
! private life for the. principles-1 have bat
: tied for to the best of my ability in
i public station. .
I "As to the frulienntorial nomination
j 1 have no nion' interest in that than any
I other Missouri Democrats.". -
I ' " ' '
RUD MEt CONFER
WITH TENNESSEE'S CHIEF
tXEGUTlVLUPQH RATES
Meeting Held at Nashville Look
ing to An Amicable Adjust
ment of Difficulties.
THE COURTS MUST SETTLE IT
''Nashville, Tenn., Jan. 28. A confer
ence between Governor Patterson, rep
resentatives of several of the railroads
oneratins in Tennessee, and the Ten
nessee railroad commission, for the pur
! pose of trying to reach an amicable set
tlement of the passenger rate question
in this state, was held, at the capitol j
today. President Thomas, of the Nash
ville, Chattanooga and St. Louis railway,
and President Smith, of the Louisville i
and Nashville railroad, were present,
i while presidents of the Illinois Central
land Southern roads were represented.
Colonel Russell, of ' the ' Mobile and
Ohio railroad, and Mr, Murphy, of the
( incinnBti, New Orleans and Texas Pa
cifie railroad, said their roads were
, ready to meet the proposal of the South
ern railroad in a reduction of rates on
the basis of agreement made in Georgia.
President Smith, of the Louisville and
Nashville, and J. W. Thomas, of the
Nashville, .Chattanooga' and St. Louis
railroad, and C. N. Burc.li, of the Illinois
Central railroad, said that under present
conditions their companies could not
ngreo to a reduction. Mr. Smith said
the Louisville and Nashville having re-
fused to obey the rates in other states,
was precluded from taking any definite
action in Tennessee, but that if the
other states won the fight the Louisville
and Nashville '-would voluntarily give
i J ennessee the benefit of the reduction.
-i
The result of the conference is that
f tho protesting roads will take the mat
ter to tho courts for final adjustment.
RUEF BRIBERY CASE
DELAYED TILLTHURSDAT
COUNSEL FOR PRESIDENT OF
STREET RAILWAY PROTESTS
BUT IS OVERRULED.
San Francisco, Jan. 28. When the
case of Abraham Ruef , charged with
bribery in connection with a trolley fran
chise, was called today, Judge Lawler
continued it until Thursday.
Counsel for Patrick' Calhoun, presi
dent of the United railways, . who is j
charged with bribery, protested against
the course of the prosecution and de
manded an immediate trial for his client.
Judge Lawler ruled that the right of
selection of case for trial rested with the
district attorney and continued the Cal
houn and other United railway eases
along with that of Ruef until Thursday,
when they will he set for triaL
CASE TO
JURY BY FRIDAY
AT THE LATEST
May Be Turned Over to Them by
Thursday Afternoon for ,
Deliberation.
LITTLETON TO MAKE PLEA
FOR THE DEFENSE TODAY
He Is Expected To Occupy Both Hom
ing and Evening Sessions With Hit
Speech, and Jerome Will Speak -To
morrow Morning.
New York, Jan. 28. With no attempt
011 part of the state to combat with scien
tific testimony the claim of insanity
urged in behalf of Harry K. Thaw, the
taking. of evidence in the second hearing
ot the famous Madison Square Garden
murder trial ended today. Tomorrow
I niorniiix Martin W. Littleton will begin
Ins plea for the defendant and is expect
ed to occupy both morning and after
noon session. District Attorney Je
rome will speak on Thursday. He has
promised to be brief, and Justice Dow
ling may hand the case over to the jury
on Thursday' afternoon. The court an
nounced, however, that he probably
would not deliver his charge until Fri
day morning.
Contrary to his policy of last year
when he called nine experts on insanity
to the. stand, Mr. Jerome utterly ignored
the scientific phase of the rebuttal case.
He produced several eye-witnesses to
the tragedy and several police officers
who handled Thaw the night of the hom
icide and placed on record their opinion
that the defendant's acts and manner
were rational.
Under agreement of counsel the testi
mony given by Abraham Hummel at the
last trial was read to the jury and the '
Thaw will was admitted in evidence
without further proof as to its custody
during the six months following ' the
shootins of Stanford White. The af
fidavit allejied to have been made "by
Evelyn Nesbit in Hummel's office, charg
ing Thaw with cruelty, and attempting
falsely to place the blame for the Nes
bit girl's downfall upon Stanford White,
also was admitted by Justice Dowling,
and then the case, so far as testimony,
was concerned, was at an end. "
Throughout the trial, however, Mr.
Jeivnie has attempted to belittle and dis
credit all testimony having to do with
Thaw's irrationality. He has attempted
to show that the youthful outbursts of
(Continued on page Two.)
: HOKE SMITH WILL RON
FOR GOVERNOR AGAIN;
NOT AFTER SENATE SEAT
Georgia's Chief Executive Says
the Work Is Not Yet
Finished. -
SENATE HIS ONLY AMBITION
Atlanta, Ga., Jan. 28. Governor Smith
issued a formal statement late today .
announcing that he would be a candi
date for the United States Senate to suc
ceed Senator A. S.. Clay. His statement
also declared that he would run lor a
second term for governor in order to
finish the work to which ho pledged him
self in his platform.
His statement says m pan:
"For some time prior to my candi-...
daey for governor, I had expected to be a,
candidate for United States Senate this
year, and I had every reason to believe
that I would have the support for tho
position of the senator . whose term of
office is about to expire. Nor have I
any cause now to doubt the result were
I a candidate.
"Tho office of senator is tho only office
I ever felt a desire to fill in preference
to my law office. I hope that before
the end of my present term every pledge
of the platform on which I was a can
didate will haive been carried out. But
administration and legislation are still
required before a record of complete ac- ,
complishmcnt can be claimed.
"If an extra Session of the legislature
had been necessary, or if the primary
were postponed until fall, I might have
been in position to enter the race for
United States senator. But an extra
session of the legislature should not bo
called, nor the Democratic primary post- .
poned, just to make opportunity for the
gratification of any one's political wish.
"For these reasons I have, decided not :
to be a candidate for the Senate in tbo
approaching primary. I will be a can
didate for governor," . v , 1
County Named for John C. Calhoun.
Columbia, 8. C, Jan. 28. The memory
of John C. Calhoun was today further ,
perpetuated when the . State Supremo
Court handed down, a decision sustain
ing the recent election for a new eounty
composed of parts of Orangeburg and :
Lexington counties, to be known as Cil
houn eounty, with St. Matthows as the
county seat ' ' '
T
I
V