Newspapers / The Charlotte Observer (Charlotte, … / Sept. 8, 1895, edition 1 / Page 3
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PAIIF CHARLOTTE OBSERVER, SEPTEMBER 8, 1895, i i 'MERCHANT" ANSWERS JARVIS HE iMJEsin Kvoir au.br maxcK. Some Few Exceptions Taken to tne ex Senator' Mogaaton Statements j His - 17wad rtcasonlng; ttn . Statement " Wholly or Partial! Trae-AMlMiiic of Silver Has Mot Increased tnaCfrenlat- Medium of Any Free Coinage Hation - an Kartb rTne Difference Between a Grorer Cleveland and a Governor JsrrU . : Rl-Metallist Tbe Silver Dollar Not the . Unit of Talne-tVares Have Constantly Increased,' I old Values Since 1MO Jefferson and Jackson and Sliver Mexl : I oo and the United States in Ten Tears of f Progress tVIll the ex-Senator Wot Far : nish a One by Which Detectives Hay Be 'Pit oa the Track of the Honey Power ' Conspirators ? A Few Points foe Ooier- nor Jarvis to Fat In His Pipe and Smoke. To tha Editor of the Observer; " .'"; I have before me your issue of the 28th ulto., In which is ten account of Governor Jarvis' speech on silver at Morganton. If he is correctly reported, he has without justice spoken harshly of the position of the Obpeijvter, as it certainly is standing on the Chi; cago platform, while Jarvis is tryinsr to mage a new one. lie has also made a number :of statements which he will without doubt withdraw when his at tention is called to them, as he admits he "did not know all about it." In his interest and in the interest of truth he should straigbten these matters out. "While the Governor said he had not read and would not read the article on "sound money" in your issue of the 25th ulto., I am pleased to Boe that he was- careful not to reiterate that ex ploded story, that "the constitution names silver and gold together as the money metals of the United States," which he and Congressman Lockhart assisted in promulgating at the "silver" Democrats' convention at Washington on August 15, which the "silver" Dem ocrats repeated t the recent Ohio con vention; which Mr. Bryan has just re peated at the Nehraska Democratic con vention, and which numerous great men are yet repeating in North CaroJ lina. Respectfully, Me chant. Charlotte, N. C, Sept. 3, 1S95. Note that according to the Observ er's report, the -Governor makes prop ositions which are partly or wholly true, ana then reasons unsoundly there from: "He said he was speaking only to those who did not know more about the financial question than he did. He did not know all about it and he doubt ed if any man did, but he had convic tions on thequest-ion, -the result of much reflection and study. The Governor's speech plainly shows tnat he did not "know all about it. He really proposes a curtailment of the currency, a reduction not only of its value and effectiveness, but of the amount in circulation. By studying a nine iurtner tie win had free coinage of silver has not increased the circu lating meaium or any free coinage na tion on earth, and he will also find that at present our circulating medium, in round numbers, is $600000,000 gold, 8600,000.000 silver and $500,000,000 pa pera total of $1,700,000,000; that, as under his plan silver will circulate only at its bullion value, we will get com paratively little increased circulation irom it, and it win drive our gold out of circulation. We will then have left only $1,100,000,000, and as our dollar will be worth only the value of 371 grains or silver, or -r2 cents, that 81,- iuo.uw.uuu win not have any more pur- cnasing or exchangeable value than aou,uw,uw or our present currency nas. so in enect, while what the Gov ernor is after is to increase or double our circulating medium and make it S3, 400, 000, 000, he doesn't seem taknow that practically he proposes reducing it to sooo,ooo,000. If the Governor will consult Prof. Andrews, of Brown Uni versity, whom he quoted so freely tt Morganton, he will find this is true. "A bi-metallist is a man in favor of the free and unlimited use of both gold and silver as the money of the people. On the other hand, a mono-metallist is in favor of discarding one metal and simply using the other, generally gold, and always gold in the United States." A oi-metallist is a man in favor of the free and unlimited coinage of gold and silver, pror-itUd both n,,tUx trill be used. A bi-metallist is not in favor of any one country by itself passing a law that will allow .-!7H grains of silver free coinage into a legal tender dollar at its mints, when the value of 371i grains of silver is only 5(c. A bi-metallist is one who wants "gold and silver tied so that the tie cannot be broken." A Grover Cleveland bi-metallist is one who stands on the platform of the national Demo cratic party at Chicago, which wants to use every dollar of both gold and silver in our currency possible, but for the benefit of the "farmer and wasre-earner, each must be equal in intrinsic and ex changeable value." A Governor Jarvis bi-metallist is one who believes the proposition, shown to be impossible by all students of the question, that the United States will retain both gold and silver in its circulation if a 10 to 1 law la passed; or possibly a Governor Jarvis bi-metallist is one in favor of reducing the gold in our dollar to 1 1 0-10t'n grains, and in that way having free coinage at 16 to 1; that is the only way we can retain both rnetais. ."Redemption cr primary money al ways measures the value of property. This is a proposition which cannot be disputed. A yard, an inch, a pound are Standards of measurement or weight so is a dollar a measure of value. The value of anything is measured by some- tningwnicn. ov common consent, has Deen estaonshed by law. I'p to IST.'i when silver was demonetized, a dollar' worth meant anything worth 371f grain of pure silver, or, with the alloy, 412 g-.iuvi a.uuuaiu Oliver, .IUSI as 'OU reduce the stock of redeemable monev I juu ioviuuc me vaiue oi an property; so ; tnat wnen congress in 1S73 struck down f sliver as redeemable money, it reduced 5 tne vaiue or property, and all values s nave since declined about one-half, I xuur ucai, corn, coiion lanas and pro- iuucisui ice son nave Deen reduced by f it about one-half in value. Then, said uovernor jarvis, ir l am correct in that s statement, what ought we do as an in S ..11:Mnt ! , K t : ... I KiKgcue, iiucrijf-ioviug peopier it jS I the bounden duty of the American peo- pie to restore silver to its positien before J l7d. t Applause. ITices or everything are to-dav hivh jer man iney were six months ago. and , . t .i . - : j -e there has been no change in the amount ana Kina oi our primary money. This j "proposition might not be disputed" in a savage country, where credit did not I exist and where no man had confidence stiB anotner or in the government; but ittoaera oiouern civilization, the pro J portion or primary money required to anect -me measure or tne value of nron- ierty uuusiaouy growing less and icao. y ' uiuucj, ii me creel 1 1 is good, is just as effective as metallic f money. The certificates issued by the jpiew iut ,tiermg nouse inJ93did more toward measuring the value of property ana cringing the panic to an end, than anymoney in use at that time iFronl 1S37 to 1S61. 23.22 grains of pure Vgold was what a dollar's worth meant, V 971 1 sa Inn f c i ? m jn ..11 . r U til 17 K 1 l u-l oiutl 1U All I I) 8 L lima meant from 101 to 105 cents, and there fore no full legal tender silver circulat rl hipfl &t all: and from 1ST.! t ic 37U grains of pure silver was worth :f rom $1.10 to $2.85, as a greenback prom ise of the government was the standard -jof oar dollar. The value of property is measured by the demand and supply of ihat property and its exchangeability for other property. Comparatively little noaey is . needed. Let us apply the principles of Governor Jarvis' state ments to the value of property ia Char, lotte to-day and in 1S73, and see how un true they are. -4 Governor Jarvis doesn't know that bo "measure of value of prop erty" can be iuvented - that will irive those of the people of North Carolina prosperity whir engage" in producing commodities in which the supply far ex ceeds the demand. - New England : has found that out in attempting to raise com and wheat, and ; farm values there have gone down greater than any other similar property in the United States; while the New England towns and cities have been and are being built up by manufacturing. The New England far mer has found that he cannot com nete with the labor-saving inventions In plow ing, planting, harvesting and threshine machinery used by the farmers on the ereat prairies of the West. Fortunstely. they are not taught, as are pur North Carolina farmers, that "it is the result of the crime of '73." There are three abandoned farms in New England to day to one in North Carolina, and how ever much or little redemption money there may be will not help the earning value of those farms; and if -Governor JarVis will post upon political economy he will learn that the value of property depends on the return it is capable of making to investors. . "Up to 1873. when silver was de monetized, a dollar's worth meant any thing worth 371 i grains of pure silver, or, with the alloy, 41 2i srains of stand ard silver. An act of Congress early in the history of this country said that must be the unit of value in this coun try by which all the property of this country should be measured." This is distinctly untrue. It is the statement of the late silver conventSon at Washington which said "the first coinage law passed by Congress under the constitution, made the silver dollar the unit of value and admitted gold to free coinage at a ratio measured bv the silver dollar unit." Governor Jarvis and Congressman Lockhart. who were members of the convention that issued this untrue statemeut, owe it to the North Carolina Democracy to disavow it. The law to which they allude (there is no other) was passed in the act of April 2d, 1792, which, among other things, provides, section nine, "that there shall be from time to time struck and coined at the said mint, coins of gold, silver and copper of the following denominations, values and descrip tions, viz.: eagles, each to be of the value -of ten dollars or units and tocon tain two hundred and forty-seven grains and four-eighths of a grain of pure, or two hundred and seventy grainsof stand ard gold; half eagles, and so forth, and so forth. Dollars, or units, each to be of the value of a Spanish milled dol lar as the same is now current, and to contain three hundred and seventy-one grains and four-sixteenth parts of a grain of pure or four hundred and six teen grains of standard silver. Half dollars, each to be of half the value of dollars or unit and to contain," and so forth, aDd so forth. Section eleven provides "that the proportional value of gold to silver in all coins which shall by law be cur rent as money within the United States shall be as fifteen to one, according to quantity in weight of pure gold or pure silver; that is 'to say, every fifteen pounds weight of pure silver shall be of equal value in all payments with one pound weight of pure gold, and so in proportion as to any greater or less quantities of the respective metals." Section 20 provides that the "money account of the United States shall be expressed in dollars or units, dimes or tenths, cents or hundredths and mills or thousandths, a dime being the tenth part of a dollar, a cent the hundredth part of a dollar, a mill the thousandth part of ;a dollar, and that all accounts in public offices and all proceedings in the courts of the United States shall be kept' and had in conformity to this regulation." A more careful reading of this law than Governor Jarvis and his free sil ver friends have given it will show that their statement that 371J grains of sil ver must be the unit of value, like all statements based on just half the fact?, is false and misleading. The law, to be sure, does say that there shall be "dol lars or units," and further, that these dollars or units shall contain 371 grair s of pure silver. But it says more; it says that there shall be eagles of the value of ten units and to con tain 247 4-8 grains of pure gold. Now, if the law had first said that there shall be a dollar or unit con taining 371 J grains of pure silver, and that there shall be an eagle of the value of ten such units, without further de fining the value of the eagle, Gov. Jar vis would have been justified in his claim. But note particularly that the value of the provision for the eagle pre ceded that for the dollar and that the value of the eagle was fixed at once, and in gold. So that the law no more said that the unit of value in this country shall be 3714; grains of pure silver than it said the unit shall be one tenth of 247 1-8 grains of gold, or that an eagle should be of the value of 3.7121 grains of silver. Moreover, if you will glance at section eleven you will hnd the law laid down that "15 pounds weight of silver snail De or equal value in all pay ments witn one pound weight of pure gold." It does not read that one nound of gold shall be of euual value in all payments with fifteen pounds of sil ver, as it would have read had Congress intended silver to be our standard of value, and the value of gold to be meas ured by that of silver. "Gold was evi dently uppermost in the minds of the men wno iramea tins law, ana, as shown, takes precedence of it in section nine and section eleven. Our free coin age friends don't know the .reason, for the expression "unit" was an entirely different one from what they give. The truth of the matter is, it was the inten tion of Congress, as expressed in the word "unit" and as further expressed in clause twenty of the act, to fix a dec imal by which the accounts of the mon ey of the country should be kept. Be- tore that time and previous to the Rev olutionary War, each State being a na tion unto itself, th re bad been as many systems of keeping accounts in the dif ferent States as there were pounds, shillings and pence, crowns, francs.dol lars, etc., in circulation. Hnd as all our little States had then in 1702, been unit ed ino one nation. Congress wished to adopt the decimal of 100 as the unit, uot of the value or quantity of the gold in an eagle, or silver in a dollar, but as the "unit of account" for all theUnited States by which all sums should beenu merated and all accounts kept. "The ideal money for the use of the people is that money which is fixed, in variable and permanent in its measure of values. If I exchange my note with you for $100, payable in three years, it is important that I should know what that note should require wheu it be comes due, to know how much of land, of wheat, iron, etc., etc, it is going to take to pay that note. If it takes twice as much to pay as when the note was given,. I am hurt; if only half, then you are hurt." Tbi8 means you are going to give us a standard of value by which products or merchandise will not increase or de crease in price, even as the supply and demand fluctuate. The manufacturers of iron in this country will be glad to see a practical illustration of the feasi oiniy or mis proposition. Uhey pro- aucea: 13,400 tons in 1W5; 1,692,378 tons In 1870; 2,736,650 tons in 1879; 5,776,168 tons in 1336: 9,269,382 tons in 1892 What a beautiful thing it would have been for them if the quantity it took to pay a S100 note would not change. Bv the way, Governor, how do those fig ures of iron progress compare with Mexico? ' - I will show you that the best stand ard of value is when you have both gold and silver. Together, they form the most stable money in value the world ever yet tried; bat when vou take a single metal as a standard of value, last aavou make it plentiful, its purchasing power goes down, or scarce up, a siueie standard, therefore, is a variable measure of value." lou cannot point to any country in the world which has attempted free coinage or both, metsls and tried it for I an extended period of time, which did not have a variable and changing stand ard of value when 4he value of silver fluctuated in the London markets. If you think you can point out sueh a country, name it and we will furnish you its history to show you you are mi- taken. : If a- country's currency is based on one metal, the value of that carrency would only change when that metal be came plentiful or scarce. Under free coinage of two metals, the value of the currency. would change as the value of either of the two metals changed. "-pfV You may Jake silver bullion, and although discarded ' by the world, and the mints closed against it,in unlimited quantities silver bullion .will bay as much of the commodities to-day as -it ever would." . v-Wr -: - "In 1873 gold was made t be standard of- value, and to-day it takes twice as much of the product of the soil and of labor io purchase $100 as it did prior to the demonetization of silver." . ? . - Labor, which ft more dealt in than any commodity od earth, as expressed in gold, was worth relatively the follow ing per eentages at the dates given: - 1840. 82.5: 1850, 00.9; 1860. 100; 1870, 136; 1870, in currency, 167.1, gold and silver then being at a large premium; 1873. 147.4; 1873. in carrency, 166.1; gold and silver then being at a large premium; 1880, 143; 1890, 168.2. In other words, wages have constantly Increased in gold values since 1840. and the laborer received more than twice a much eold in 1890 for his services as in 1840, 68 per cent, more in 1890 than in I860. Three hundred and seventy-one and a quarter grains of silver, which in 1873 were worth anywhere in the world 103 cents in 'gold, and which to-day are worth anywhere in the world less than 52c., will not buy as much labor 'as in 1873. According to the above statistics, which are reliable, a man who received say 371 J. grains of silver or his wages in 1860, received 523 grains in 1870, and where wages are the same now as in 1890, he should receive 1199 grains; and the Governor wants to convince the man who is entitled to the value of 1199 grains of silver that he will be better off if he is paid only 623 grains, which would be equal to 1.08 per cent, if 371J grains is made by law to equal 100. You did not know that, didyou Governor? He evidently does not know that there are two sides to the question as to how the present and fo mer values of com modities compare. The average prices gold of 90 of the principal articles of consumption in the United States between 1840 to I860, and :f 223 similar articles between I860 and 1893, are: 1840, 97.7; 1843, 84 3; 1840, 9.V2; 1849. 83.5; 1850, 89.2; &0, 112.3; 1800, 100; 1863. 91.1; I860, 131; 1869, 112.3; 1871, 122 9; 1S73, 114 5: 1876, 108.7; 1879, 05; 1882, 109.1; 1885, 93 3; 1889, 98.5; 1893, 91.7. yn course tne civil war, imi- t.j. in this country, the great war between Prussia and Austria in 1806, and the Franco-Prussian war in 1870, tended to reduce the producing power of tha world, while at the same time as much was consumed and destroved as ever The Governor in effect says the figures for 1893. which are 91.7, ought to be 183.4. Prices of commodities in ad vancing civilization must decline un less we stop inventions. "Some editors of Democratic news papers are trying to belittle this policy by calling it 'the Populists' doctrine.' Ihe cry, The Pops are in for it, don t have any effect upon me. Free and unlimited silver coinage was the doc trine of Jelfersou and Jackson fifty years oeiore ine I'opunst party was ever heard of." Secretary Carlisle, in his speech May 25th, among other things showing how Jetferson and Jackson's names were be ing illegitimately used, said: "In 1834, during the administration of Andrew Jackson, when the gold had nearly all been driven out of the coun try for nearly twenty-five years by the establishment of an improper ratio in 1792, the great Democratic leaders in Congress framed and passed a bill re-ad justing the ratio and making ii 10 to 1, instead of 15 to 1, for the express and avowed purpose of bringing gold back into circulation, and in that great con test the Senator from Missouri, Mr Benton, became known all over the country as -Old Bullion.' The act of 1834 was distinctly and emphatically a Democratic measure, passed to bring gold bacK and give it to the people for use in the transaction of their business 'In 1800 President Jetferson had stopped the coinage of the silver dollar at the mints of the United States, and for 30 or 31 years there was not a single standard silver dollar turned out of our mints. I know that this statement has been disputed and is still disputed by some, but I have here the order itself. At that time the mints of the I'n ted States were i.ot at tached to the Treasury Department as they are now, but constituted a sepa rate and independent department under the immediate direction and control of the President; and on the 0th day of May, 1800. Thomas Jetferson, who, I believe, is still considered a good Oem crat (applause), issued the following order through his Secretary of State, lames Madison, who, I believe is also considered a good Democrat: "Dei-aktmkntof State, May O'.iSOG. "Stic: In consequence of the repre sentation from a director of the Hank of the United States that considerable purchases have been made of dollar coined at the mint for the purpose of exporting them, and as it is probable that further purchases and exposi tions will be made, the President (Thomas Jetrerson) directs that all the sil er to be coined at the mint shall be of small denomination, so that the value of the largest piece shaH not ex ceed one-half a dollar. I am, sir, "James Madison. "Robert Patterson, Esq., Director of the Mint." By proper investigation, Governor Jarvis can learn that the controlling reason for President Jetferson 's action was that 100 of our new 371J-jrrrtin dol lars, when exported at that time by bul lion dealers to the Spanish-American countries south of us, would exchange for 101 of the abraded coins of those countries, which coins Congress had made a legal tender here at their face value; and consequently, as we had lost our. gold by our mistake in over valuing silver in the law of 15 to 1 passed in 1792, now we lost alo, our sil ver, and instead of the "tie never be ing broken," as Governor Jarvis puts it, at that time the tie was not only broken, but both ends were gone, and our metallic legal tender money was the abraded foreign coins. The actual coinage of sdver dollars at our mints during the respective terms of Presi dents Jefferson, Andrew Jackson and Grover Cleveland was as follows: President Jefferson 1801. $54,451; 1802, $41,650; 1803, $00,064; 1804. $19,570; 1805, $321; 1S06, none; 1807, none; 1S08, none. Andrew Jackson 1830, none; 1831, none; 1332. none: 1833. none; 1834. none; 1835, none; 1S36, $1,000; 1837, none. Grover Cleveland 1885. $17,787. 767; 1S86, $19.963,SS6: 1SS7, $20,290,710: 188S, $19,183,833. "The speaker then read from numer ous authors to back up his arguments, and first of all from President Brown, of Brown University, using his book, 'An Honest Dollar.'" Governor Jarvis cannot produce Presi dent Brown's opinion advocating our "going it alone" at 16 to 1. A lawyer can take a certain Btate of facts and make black seem white or white seem black; but to reduce this whole question to the meat of the mat ter, I should like very much to have Governor Jar vis's written opinion as a lawyer and statesman, to the erlect that our passing a free coinage law will make 371 J grains of tilver worth as much as our present dollar is all o.-er the world, and that such law will not drive our gold - from circulation. A written opinion of this sort over the signature of our great men will be a curiosity of marketable value in a year or two. -. They themselves will wish to buy it at a good round, price. -: , " ; : VBefore 1873," the tie between jrold and silver was never broken." . Between the years 1687 and l895 period of ovef three hundred years, in only fifteen-instances was the trojs valoe of one metal in two consecutive years the same relatively as compared with the-; average value ,-rof,; the other metal. .But do tell us. Governor? what yoa meant by the "tie which was sever broken." In the Egyptian nation, .in the period about 3000 B. CL, Bilier was valued higher , than gold,, ounce for ounce. .. iC-y-f ;:;v--'W-;:i-iijs VWhen the United State closed her mints to silver, Germany and France and other countries did likewise, and of course silver bullion began to go down." Germany closed her mints to silver in 1871, two years Ibefore the "crime of 1873 There was not & dollar .of silver in our circulation from 1861 to 1879. The only primary money, .or money of ultimate redemption that our laws re quired during those seventeen years, was paper with a green back to it. "He wauld like to know how many people before him had gold to be driven oat. The trouble is it-has. heen out." Gold can be had for every dollar of any sort of currency in toe hands of any man in North Carolina, and that state of affairs will continue as long as Grover Cleveland is President of the United btates. "Take the two countries, Mexico and the .United States, and compare their relative progress in ten years, and Mexico has far exceeded the United States." The number of manufacturing estab ments in the United States were: 1888. 1850. EstablUhmenU 854,000 - 855,000 Capital $2,70,OCO,a Ufl26.0O0,O0O Employes 8,78,000 4,712,000 Wages .. .. S 94S,000,000 $2,283,000 000 Value of materials 807,000000 5 lfft,000,0l Value of products 5,370,000,000 8.370,000,000 Between 1880 and 1890 our railroad mileage increased from 93,000 to 167,000 miles. The resources of our savings banks increased from $967,000,000, in 1880, to $1,636,000,000, in 1890. Govern or Jarvis has no reliable Mexican statis tics tha will show progress comparing in the slightest degree with these figures. "The gold standard men say we want a cheap money. If they substituted the word cheaper, he himself would plead guilty here. As to the money value and commodity value argument, Gov ernor Jarvis said it was not true in fact or theory, that the money value of sil ver depended upon its commodity value. The government stamp gives the value." Maybe the Governor can give us the name of the nation which has made the value of silver by its stamp. History lakes the liberty of disagreeing with him. The financial worid says the Gov ernor's.plans for our relief fly in the face of the experience of every nation in the world from the days of Abraham. Come, Governor, and help Cleveland maintain the monetary system of the country, which is as near real bimetal lism as any nation in the world has ever achieved, for we are actually using as much of one metal as of the other in our currency. "The speaker held up the Obsskver containing the financial article by Mer chant. "I have never read it and never expect to,' he said; but he did look at the bottom to see the summing up. 'Not many goldbugs are as frank as this one,' Mr. Jarvis said; and then he proceeded to read the last paragraph, with sarcastic comments interspersed. "If this plan could be carried out, the gold hoarders and money lenders would have a picnic. With the already in sufficient gold supply locked up, two hundred millions.' etc., etc. He says: If that can be done I intend to con demn increasing our public debt so long as we are a peaceful country; and yet a paper calling itself a Democratic paper endorses this. God deliver us from any such policy. Applause. Old Thomas Jefferson would turn over in his gra ve if he could hear of it. ' " The Governor will allow me to borrow one of his expressions "What Rot !" His plan would immediately bring a panic on the country. The above plan, even if Ii per cent interest-bearingbonds had to be sold, would not cost the gov ernment over three millions a year, while Cleveland vetoed a pension law passed by the Democratic party that would have cost us hundreds of mill ions. Governor Jarvis is evidently one of those who believes Gleveland, in sell ing bonds, does not think he is acting on scientific and patriotic principles. We must keep all our seventeen hun dred million currency interchangeable by this method, or let the govern ment 20 out of the banking business entirely. If the idea of paying off the legal tender notes, otherwise "due bills" was sug gested, Populistically inclined states men would "fall dead," so we content jurselves with the next cheapest thing. We must rebel when he quotes Th omas Jetferson on this subject to in telligent people and talks about silver )eing the mouey of the people. Thomas Jetferson was really in favor of in.lervaluing silver as compared with .rold When discussing the question of iur ratio in 1792, he said: "I would still in-line to give a little more than the market price for gold, because of its superior convenience for transporta tion. ' "And the money power introduced a conspiracy to brirjg on a panic, as he oeli .ved it did." Couldn't the Governor be a little more explicit ? To whom does he refer? Where do they live? What are their names? How did the money-power, vhich introduced this conspiracy, pro tose to make anything out of the panic? Who was hurt most by the pauic, the "money-power" or the people to whom 'he Governor addressed his remarks? Where did the panic occasion the most failures, among the "money-power" or imong the farmers? Come, Governor, irive us somethiug definite to work on. and we will send detectives after that and of conspirators; will run them do n and have them tried and hung.The ither members of the money power who were not in the secret of the thing, and consequently "busted" when the panic found them all unprepared, will not only thank you, but will reward you for helping them run down that conspiracy, wun larger rees man you have ever drempt of. making in your profession as a lawyer. Wouid you say Mr. Mc Curdy, president of the Mutual Life lu suranCe Company, or Mr. Hyde, presi dent of the Equitable Life Insurance Company, or Mr. McCaul, president of tne Aew Xork Li re Insurance Company, belonged to that constiracy? Thev represent the strongest financial insti tutions of the civilized world, which were among the largest buyers of the three recent sales of United States bonds. Of "course we can understand they wanted a panic in order to force the government to issue bonds out of which they could make 5, 10 or 20 per cent, on a few millions, though did it ever occur to you, Governor Jarvis, that these institutions own $500,000,000 of securities, the decline on which, dur ing the panic, must have been greater than the entire gross sum of the last sale of government bonds? A FEW I-OIXTS FOR OOVEUNOK JARVIS TO CONSIDER. 1. Read Macaulay, chapter21, on En gland's experience with this silver ques tion. 2. The gold we produce one year is here thereafter indefinitely. 3 A dollar is not a sleight-of-hand af fair like the trick of "now you see it and now yoa don't."1 4. It ream res less effort that is. work to get the same things to-day than at any period in the world's history. 5. Our farmers don't cafe a rap about raising the value of silver It as the value of their property they want raised, and no free silver atan has yet shown how that can be done. - f'Jft 6. To benefit our people and attain the ends of our honest free silver friends would doable the value of the t K . 14,000,000,000 silver at present in the world, r That is an impossibility for the United States to do. 7. The average annual production of gold and silver combined f rom 1760 to ISIO was only 43, 000,000, while the pro duction of the eold alone in ' 1894 was $134,000,000, and it will be over $200, 000,000 in 1805. - - - ".- r - .. 8. The total business of the United States la only about 100,000,000,000 per annum, not 5 per cent, of which is aet tled in currency, and with our present circulating medium a souod state bank currency law would give us as much or mere- currency loan we can possibly use. 9. There are a m illion Marvompior Independent voters in the United States who are mostly tariff reformers and who have recently voted with the Dem ocratic partyr but who are almost to a man against "16 to 1" by the United States alone. 10. Owing to foreign distrust of the Blajid-Allison and Sherman laws, it is estimated that nearly one billion dol ars in foreign , loans here were called and paw between 1884 and 1895. . 11. Since 1873 the United States have exported of merchandise and gold and silver 11,768,000,000 more than it has imported, a large part of which repre sents value sent away in return for se- curivies Huippea d&ck to us. - - 12. A JJemocr&t is entitled to do all he can to mflnence the adoption of his particular views oy the next national Democratic convention, whether he be a "gold-bug," sound money man, or free-silverite, but he-must accord' the same privilege and the privilege of in vestigation to an otner democrats. 13. A very learned North Carolina editor, in his last edition of his weeklv. wrote, "Knock the legal tender out of the metal and few of us have any use ror it. lie uoesn t Know that oor eold dollar is worth a slight fraction less at the Bank of England than the same weight of gold bullion. 14. There has been comparatively a small increase in tne world s popula tion in the last fifty years, while the world' productive capacity, from one cause or another, has wonderfully in creased, and it is the greatest marvel of the age that the world consumes such an enormous increased pro rata pro portion of products. This could not be tne case ir the condition of the people had been growing worse. 15. Governor Jarvis should look into this question and become a sound money man, and take the stump for mat piatiorm. .North (Jarohna, the South and the country will be under everlasting ooiieations to him. it is so much preferable to lead than to fol low, and next year all Democrats will have to follow a sound money candi date. LENGTH OF DK. BROOKS' SERMONS. They Are Not Inordinately- Loog, But They Are Thick Lone Sermons in Gen eral. To the Editor of the Observer. In your paper of Tuesday, your Wadesboro correspondent, in speaking of Dr. Brooks' sermon, says: "He is an exception to the rule of presiding elders; he is 'long-winded.' " Now, while I am satisfied that your correspondent meant neither to be un kind nor to mislead, yet what is said is misleading. But the above quotation of itself does not ca'l forth this article, but it is the fact that such things have before oc curred, and that the doctor is charged with preaching long sermons, and that he is frequently charged with preach ing longer than he does preach, and because of the harm that comes to the public I write. So let it be understood that I am not writing to answer, nor to contradict your correspondent, nor to defend Dr. Brooks. That the preacher is an important, useful and desirable factor in the world, is proven by the fact that the people are willing to support him that they may have his services. But there is a deeper truth than that. He is essential to the highest good of the world. This being true, the preacher's repu tation is incalculably, important to both himself and the public; for his reputa tion very largely decides his power for good. Hence it ought not to be more sacred to him than dear to the people among whom he labors. lie then who so speaks or writes as to eive to him a reputation that will impair his useful ness, thereby robs the world of a good measurable only by the value of the salvation of souls. But what is the truth as regards Dr. Brooks' long sermons? Last Sunday night he preached 42 minutes. Preachr ing eight times recently in one of the largest towns on the district, he varied from 41 to 27 minutes. Why, it would puzzle the declaimer of marrowless sermonettes to beat that for brevity. Ordinarily, on quarterly meeiing oc casions, in the country, at 11 o'clock on Sunday, he preaches at more length. But as a rule the good p.eople of the' country not only do not object to a long sermon, but like it if it is also thick, and who that has ever heard the doctor will question the thickness of his ser mons? And this is true, whether they are long or short. I do not believe that the doctor preaches longer sermons than the ordi nary preacher, but he preaches thicker sermons. I think this much is due Dr. Brooks. But after all he is not the party most concerned, but the people, for when the true minister appears before them, it is God's message that is to be delivered, and the people should not be preju diced against. God's servant, and it is cruel to the people, and wicked, if by misrepresentation of facts we cause the glorious gospel, in the least, to be hampered. Theo. P. Bonner. Wadesboro, . C, Sept. 4, 1805. ANSON BCKCITS THE PEN. Three Defendant Charged With Murder Go There Iustead of to the Gallows A sociable Personal. Correspondence of the Obearver Wadesboro, Sept. 6. The jury which sat upon the murder case tried yester day and day before, wherein Jess Mel ton and Press Douglass were charged with, tne murder of air. t rank Uaddy, brought in a verdict this mornineabout 1U o clock of murder in the second de gree. They were sentenced to the pen itentiary for 21 years. Both of the ueroes seemed to be very well satisfied with the sentence. Another murder case was called this morning, in which Ellen Allen, colored, was charged with the killing of another colored woman. The homicide was committed with no one present except tne murderess and her victim, hence the btate had to rely upon circu mstan tial evidence for conviction. The de fendant submitted to a verdict of man slaughter and was sentenced to the pen itentiary for seven years. The Anson oar is gaining a "rep lor saving mur derers necks from the cruel ropes, which some so evidently deserved. Quite a number of young folks en joyed an impromptu sociable at the enchanting home of Mrs. H. C. Hardi- son last night. The party was given in honor of Misses Sallie Hardison, Mary, Eva and Nora Boggao and Ruth Ben nett who are visiting Mrst. .Hardison. "Bikes" are all the race again here. Mr. ii. H. Crowder went to the Queen uity this morning. - Mrs. James F. Drake is visiting her daughter. Mrs. O. T. Drake, otMonroe. Mrs. DrakcJr., is quite sick. Rev. and Mrs. E L Siler are expected home to-night from a month's visit at Mr. Siler's former home and to their mountain friends. The Dispatch says that daring the past week there have been shipped from Lexington 119 coops of chickens, aver aging 30 chickens to ' the - coop; This makes total of 3.570 chickens. There were at least 1,500 sold to the local trade, besides those shipped, making a grand total of 5,070. A fair average of what these chickens were sold at is 12 cento apiece, making, the whole "lot amount to $008.40, . A TRIP ACROSS THE - SEAS. AutrjT's Hcrruaf is pabvo ijettkk. A Brlfht mA Baaabis Pwniptteii of f Bnmmer Jaoat tm Korop Boaato Soet- laBd la th BauaU of Roderick Dha aad JuMt Fits Jame mm the Xmay of tho Ike A. Cllmim f Bvyalty la - baiiea , Tfctre Of Pari mmO. TlM .Tare Pp the B mtlfal Rhine Switzer laada Bmgsed Hauttln aad Lovely Lake nrs. D. Heath Writes Charm imy. ..J-..', ;V" re written tor th Observer yfr--. . By special and of t-repeated requests from you; I shall attempt a faint outline of , my European trip, which , has just ended. "r-"":. -y-' ;-,:v-v The 15th of June found ua embarked upon the steamer - Anchoria, bound for Glasgow, Scotland. It is useless to say we were sea sick; that "goes without saying." . ,. ... ;:, .."v; After many days' we heard Ihe joyful cry of "land in sight," and sure enough there lay the beautiful 'Emerald Isle." Oh i how we understood the sensation that must have thrilled each' heart of the brave men who sailed with Colum bus when they saw land in the distance. Once more upon land, we made good use of. our time, and in Glasgow we visited the Botanical Gardens, where we saw flowers growing to greater per fection than ever before in our lives. I shall pass hurriedly over the points visited in each city. In Glasgow was the crypt, an ancient place and full of historic interest. After passing through the magnificent old cathedral, we were conducted by our guide down, down, down to the crypt. I -cannot dwell upon this interesting place; suffice it to say we saw among the most interesting objeots the "pillar of Rob Roy," which tradition says he hid behind when pur sued into the cathedral. As we were late in reaching Glascrow, our time was necessarily short at that point,. so we hastened on to Loch Lomond, where we took a pleasure boat across this lovely sheet of water; thence by omnibus to Lock Katrine, where we again took a pleasure boat via Ellen's Isle to the Trossachs. A small souvenir copy of Scott's "Lady or the Lake" served as a guide, and in wild ecstasy we viewed the "pine trees blue, which waved and wept on Ben-Venue": listened for the shrill cry of the heath cock as we crossed the heather; drew back a little when we neared "Coilan-Togle-ford," but breathed more freely when we "plunged in the Trossachs wildest nooks." We looked in vain for the "Naiad of the strand," and bent our ears in vain for one strain from the "harp of Allan-bane." This day of days was one never to be erased from memory, for Scott in his famous book did not "tell the half." if he failed, certainly I shall not at tempt even a partial description. Next to Stirling Castle where we visited the "Douglas Room," i the bed room of Mary Queen of Scotts and the dun geons, etc., onward bv train to Edin burg, where the famous Scott memorial was seen, and the parade of the. High landers, in regular highland costume, was witnessed. The castle was the most intensely interesting of all objects here. I must hasten on to Melrose dear, quiet Melrose. Here we visited the Abbey, now a perfect ruin, yet bearing traces of its once great beauty and magnificence. Out to "Abbots ford," along the quiet country lane to where Sir Walter Scott lived, wrote, and died. If grandeur of scenery and quietude could inspire one he certainly found inspiration here, for the Tweed sang murmuring love-notes to the moon, and the trees waved their rich foliage in the calm zephyrs that swept through Abbotsford, even to the library of Sir Walter. A few pebbles from the walk and ivy leaves from the wall sufficed for souvenirs, and we left for London, via Carlisle. What a change from quiet Melrose to noisy London: Just opposite Westminster Palace Hotel, where we were happilv en sconced, was Westminster Abbey, where we attended service, June 30th, and heard Canon Wilberforce. At night we went out to the grand cathedral of j St. Paul. Next day we took carriage drives to iiyde ark, bt. James' Park, Buckingham Palace, Bank of England, Lord Mayor 8 Mansion, Guildhall, Lon don Bridge, Tower of London; along the back streets where Dickens found Little Jo;" through "Chancery Lane" where Miss Flight and Krook and the "heirs of Jarndyce" so ofteu met. We spent several days in London and re luctantly left for Paris via Nwhaven and Dieppe across the channel. Did we get sea-sick on the channel, only four hours run? Well, we will let that pass Out to the Palace of Versailles, St. Cloud Chateau. Grand Trianon, where the Louis and Mane Antoinette, Napo leon and Josephine and Marie Louise once rejoiced and held high carnivals. Such magnificence, such splendor! Picture halls, mirrors, vases, tables of malachite, lapis-azule, trems from all over the world; could I ever tell it all? No, never! Eiffel Tower, Trocadero, Arch de Triomphe (erected by Napo leon), Garden of Tuellieres, Morgue, .Notre Uame, Liouvre, iiourse, Made laine, Pare de Morceaux, Concieeerie (where Marie Antoinette was imprison ed), the Pa.ais Royal, a gas-light drive through Champes Llysees completed several days of delight in noted Paris At the grand opera house (the grandest in the world) our partv secured tickets lor tne opera "rannauser. ' While in London I forgot to make mention of it we heard famous Melba and Albanl n the opera "Les Huguenots." It being their last appearance tor the season. the bouse was packed. We were honor ed with a close glimpse of the Prince and Princess of Wales, Prin cesses Maude ana victoria, who occu pied a special box, and towards which Alban-i sang her sweetest notes, for she is quite a favorite with the Royal fam ly. From f'aris we went to Brussells where we spent much time in the Wertz M usee, Palace of Justice and near the market to see the queer carts drawn by aogs, assisted oy women in sloven at tire. While the men in our party went out to spend the afternoon at Waterloo, we ladies visited the famous lace facto ries, and spent many francs and cen times for pretty handkerchiefs, doilies, yarus or laces, ana so on- un, how we longed for another day! iust one more day in the lace factory; but we were hurried on to Cologne where we spent a nigbt and day. Here we visited a fine cathedral, and attended vesper services; rose early to go to the tomb of St. Ur sula to see her bones and those of the 11,000 virgins -tf ho perished with her ine otn or July will long be remem bered, for at an early hour we embarked upon a pleasure steamer lor a day op the picturesque Rhine. How could we keep still this day the castles, walls, cnns, ana ruins on eitner siae kept us running first to this, then to that side of the boat, lest we should miss some point more beautiful than we had seen. Rheinstein castle was the best kept of all the naud castles along the Rhine, ana tney were many. "Kvery sweet has Its bitter," so we had to leave lovely Rhine at Mayence, some distance above "fair Bingeo on the Rhine." I'm sure our dreams were filled witn visions of castles, knights and ladies, murmurs of water near the Lorelei Rock and other scenes along .this magnificent Stream. From Mayence we went to Heidelberg, where we saw the noted Ueidelbercr University. We went through this famous institution and brought away several trophies in the shape of sticks of chalk. Then by car riage we went to that superb old ruin, Heidelberg castle. An artist will have to tell you the sublimity and grandeur which crowned this old ruin not I! Oa to Baden-Baden for a night's rest and a quiet Sabbath. - Saturday nizht we attended an open air concert tn the Kursaal Gardens.. The music was en trancing, but he most interesting fea tore was the costume of the Black For est peasants .who had come In for the evening's exercise. Uow happy r Bd free every one looked; the beer gardens were full of ladles' and gentlemen, al enjoying life and a glass of beer! The noted springs attracted many people, but one drop of the water distraoted as many. , How can they drink ftT .. , -, Off by early train the next day for the lovely ride through the Black Forest on to . Schauffhausen,:v on " to Neuhausen, where we spent the night in full view of theReiofalls so turbulently beauti ful and picturesque. " One longlutt look (in the early dawn) at the falls left a lasting impression upon us as we were rushed off to Zurich. After one glorious day up the Right, surrounded on all sides . by snow-capped . mountains, we descended by an inclined railway to the Lake of the Four Cantons. , ; " We crossed this magnificent body of water to fair Lucerne, where we spent many days visiting cathedrals, attend ing organ recitals, viewing thewonder ful Garden of Glaciers and the famous lioa hewn in the side of the mountain, besides ft trip up the Gutscb, where we obtained ft fine panoramic vie m of Lu cerne below, with the clear and beauti ful Reuss flowing through the city. Lucerne, we shall never forget thee 1 : From Lucerne, across Lake Zug, past Tell's Rock and Tell's chapel, where (tradition says) William Tell swam ashore and received his freedom after escaping from the boat of Gesler.: on to LFluellyn ere we took the train for Mi lan, Italy, via, the famous St. Gothard route. This; was a. complete" change from . the smooth sailing on the clear lakes; but the Alps reared their lofty heads high in air, and sent down rivu lets and cascades of turbulent water from the fast- melting snow, to form a picture equally as entrancing as that we had just left. Having wound in and Out, round about, through the Alps, we at last come into Italy and rested at Milan. . Here I shall leave yon till next time, and trust 1 shall complete my outlined trip in one more hort letter, ,Very truly, Mrs. B. D. Heath. Charlotte, N. C, Sept. 3, 1895. A M-DOIXAB COLD FIECK. How Huh It la Intrinsically Worth The Wrong Ideaa Hen Bay of Eyen the First Principles of Finance Experience Dear School. To the Editor of the Observer: In no discussion which waxes as hot as the present silver debate, is it to be expected that the statements of either side will be carefully weighed and vcri Med; but it seems to the writer that in this debate unusual laxity of statement is indulged in. Men gather on the cor ners and i the country postotlices and fight verbally over questions that were 8ettiea permanently hundreds or years ago. They discuss them as if they were new questions in tne science of money. The air is full of misstatements. It was begun when Senator Vance, after-jok ingly saying that all he knew about finance was that it "took two' names mighty sight better than his to get money at a bank," proceeded to declare that all it "required to make a dollar was to have this government's stamp to that effect," and that he would just as lieve have it on leather or tin as gold and silver, or words to this effect. It was so quoted in the papers from one end of the State to the other; yet maui festly it is not true that the govern ment s nat is as good as gold or even silver. It was not as good for fourteen years just after the civil war. There is a limit to-day at which it would not be as good, and no man knows just where that limit is. Of all men, our political leaders ought to be most care ful of their statements, and are, as rule, the least so. Something to tickle the people, free soup, free stiver, abuse of bankers, of business men, of rail-; roads, of anything, in short, that will enable them to get in, or stay in that is their stock in trade. They are op timists and make "spread-eagle speecnes in one campaign; they are pessimists and preach the gospel of dis content in the next. They lead the people to look to legislation and the politicians (themselves) for prosperity insieaa or to industry, energy and eco nomic inriit. But to the point: How much is the double eagle worth, intrinsically? . In a silver discussion the other day a believer in free coinage and fiat money declared that even the gold dol lar, eagle, and double eagle have to borrow the credit of the government to the extent of one-tenth, that the 10- dollar gold piece is intrinsically worth but nine dollars, and that the gold in the 20-dollar gold piece fs worth but $18, and that the balance of each is purely "fiat." His statement was oues tioned. He declared that having been a silversmith for thirty years he ought to know what he was talking about. It did look reasonable; besides, he said he had once before had a discussion of the point and had established his position by the mouth of the cashier of a national bank. The writer offered to give him 919 for as much pure gold as a 20 dollar gold piece contains and to repeat the purchase, till he should get tired. It was of no use. He said I would lose my money. He was sympathetic, you see, ana jiatea to see me lose through ig norance or a suuiect or which he was master by virtue of his vocation. 1 have since written the Director of the Mint and quote his reply: "Uxited States Mint, ) Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 17, 1895. ) "Sir: The gold in a $30 gold coin of the United States, double eagle, is worth 20. Pure gold is worth $20.67 per ounce troy, and as the pieces weigh oio grains, uuu parts nne, you will see that the value of the gold is equal to the face value of the coin. If broken into parts, or damaged without loss of metal, it, or the pieces, would fetch face value of the coin. "Yours respectfully, "IIeuman Kbktz, "Superintendent." ine main point nereis that a man who, presumably, ought to have known what he was talking about because of his vocation, was all at sea about one of tne simplest things in. finance the in trinsic value of our coins. He essayed to instruct others, and was ioua in his claims oi superior Knowledge, and vet failed miserably. He now says that the superintendent of tne united states mint is a "gold-bug" ana not to oeaepenaed upon. Iruly, the preachers of the gospel of otsooutent are iconoclasts of public connaenoe, and teach the rankest inn delity as to the character and integrity of all public servants who differ with them. Patience, men and brethren, patience! We must not be impatient. My bare- ioot ooy siooi near a horse s lore foot. I warned him three times that the horse would step on his foot. He did not heed me. I sat down to write this article: heard him scream. His toe is crushed and bleeding. He will know better next time, lie will not need telling again. not while the pain lasts. Experience is a aear scnooi. - FArTirvrrT.. Morganton is speculating upon a rock crusner. Ajjountry boy who was struck and injured by a runaway turn-out in Statesville about two weeks ago, died Taursday night. BUCKLEN'8 ARNICA SALVE. - tne oest saive in tna worm tnr mt. Draues, sores, ulcers, salt rbenm, fever "ri wr, cnaDDea nanui. ehilhl&lna corns and alt skin eruptions, and positively cores piles or no pay required n . gQsr. an teed to give perfect satisfaction er money ipiumicu. jl i ioo at nun a doi ror sale bv Rn wall A. ,., M a . r. . v Frea'PUU. send Ttur address to TT K. Tturk-ln jl rv ymwu, wiu so m i rev sample oox OI lr. King's JSew Life IHls.rA trial will tmn. vineeyou of their merits. Tbee pills are very easy la action and are particularly ef fective in tbe care of -constipation and sick headache. For malaria and liver troubles they have been proren invaluable. They are guaranteed to be perfectly free from every deleterious substance and to be purely vegetable. They do sot weaken by tbeir action, but by giving tone to- stomach and bowels, greatly invigorate the system. Keg alar slse Sic per box. Hold by Hurwell Jt Dunn and Jordan Jl HcottUruggists. - g WAS H I N GTO XiaXJOZ CXITEBSITT, Uxistef Virginia- Academlo; Law; Engineering. Opens Sept. 12th. Tor eatalogue aHress ", v - Gi W. C Libid. President. St Mary's Sctool for Girls, ' Advent term of the Fifty-Fourth School Tear wtll begin Sept. 19, 18W5. Special at tention paid to Physical Culture and Hy giene. Address the Rector, Kit, B. Bkxdir, D. D. NORTH CAROLINA uoiiege oi Agriculture ana wecnamc Arts. The next session of this College will begin September 6th. Examination at county eats : Orat Saturday in August, -young men desiring m technical education at an anuaually low coat will do well to apply lor catalogue to . : - i A. Q. Holla dat, Prea ' : Kaleigh, H. O.. . RICHMOND FEMALE SEMINARY, - ; KO. I BART SEACI T., RICHMOND, Yi. Joan H. Powell, Principal; Mr. T. (1. Pey ton, Aaaoeiate Principal. Tbe twenty-third aeaaion of thia Boexdln and Day School will begin September 35tlt, 189a, and eloae Jane 1Mb, 1W0. Oonrseof Instruction from Primary to Collegiate Department full and thorough. The beat advantages In Munio, Art and Languages. Richmond offer many advantages for improvement tn Ieoturea, Concerts, Ao. For details, apply for cata logue to tbe principal. llATinnn 5 J OXFORD, N. C. The fall term begins Sep tember 3, 1895. Boys re ceive careful training, intel lectual, moral and physical. Catalogue sent on appli cation! S. C. College; for Women, COLUMBIA, a 0. Session opens September 18th with unsurpassed advantages offered in Lit erary, Musio and Art Departments. The reputation of our Musio Department un precedented. Regular rates for board and tuition 1200 a scholastio year. Board, tuition, musio and practice 1275 a year. - All tbe advantages of tbe State University at Columbia, with special courses therein open to our students at the College for Women. For informa tion or catalogue address the president, Ilxv. Wit R. Atkinson, D. D. . THE I). 1 Tompkins Cotton Mill Repairs. . Gears cut. Top Rolls covered. Steel Rolls re-necked, fluted and squared. re- Complete tock of piping, valves, fittings, etc. THE D. A. TOMPKINS COMPANY, College and Jb ourtli btreets. i did you say? You T want a dinner I set? Well, go to I I Smith & Flour- noy about it. lney nave more dinner- sets than any house in Charlotte and are selling them for less money. Austrian china, FrenchT i . mi - - -" china, English porcelain and American ware ; all new and latest styles : call - and U - 1 Al. UC UUllVlilUCU tUCll ' . Prices arc Hit No. 20 W. Trade St. For ladies, is made of the finest bril liant kid, hand-sewed, extension edge, patent tip, new opera toe,, long and narrow, suited for dress or serviceable wear. Notwithstanding the high price of leather, this boot is the finest and best ever sold for the price, $2.75. Widths B, C, D, E and P. ; Slze2to5. , s , By mall or express j20c extra! ' GILRE ATH & CO ROBERT PORTNEH Fresh Bottled Beer, V import Beer, : Keg Beer. We sell the best lacer beer thst in the" Southern market. .All who are not convinced of the fact, please send us an order and we shall erlve full rroof of our claims. . MilifnTrtr i .in ii ii lipy. Wa The Excelsior Boot, Brewing Coiupan v. 'r
The Charlotte Observer (Charlotte, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Sept. 8, 1895, edition 1
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