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VOL. X.
COLUMBUS, N. 0.; THURSDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1904.
NO. 84
w- I 1
ft
PRESIDENT'SMESSAGE
resident Roosevelt's message has
teu delivered to congress. Its main
features are as follows: , .
The enlargement of scope of the
fumtious of the .national government
required by our development as a na-
tiou involves, of course, Increase of ex
pense, and the period of prosperity
through which the country is passing
justifies expenditures for permanent
improvements far greater than would
be wise in hard times, but abundant
revenues and a large surplus always
invite extravagance, and constant care
should be taken to guard against un
necessary increase of the ordJisry ex
penses of government.
Capital and" Labor.
The relations of capital and labor,
and especially of organized capital and
vganized labor, to each other and to
the public at large come second in im
portance only to the intimate questions
of family life. Our peculiar form of
government, with Its sharp division of
authority between the nation and the
several states, has been on the whole
far more advantageous to our develop
ment than a more strongly centralized
government. But It Is undoubtedly re
sponsible for much of the difficulty of
meeting with adequate legislation the
new problems presented by the total
change in industrial conditions on this
continent during the last half century.
In actual practice it has proved ex
ceedingly difficult, and In many cases
impossible, to get unanimity of wise
action among the various states on
these subjects. From the very nature
of the case this Is especially" true of
the laws affecting the employment of
capital in huge masses. " v
- With regard to labor, the problem la
no less important, but It is simpler. As
long as the states retain the primary
control of the police power the circum
stances must be altogether extreme
which require Interference by the fed
eral authorities, whether in the way of
safeguarding the rights of labor or in
the way of seeing that wrong is not
done by unruly persons who shield
themselves behind the name of labor.
If there Is resistance to the federal
courts, interference with the mails or
Interstate commerce or molestation of
federal property, or if the state authori
ties in some crisis which they are un
able to face call for help, then the fed
eral government may interfere; but,
though such Interference may be caus
ed by a condition of things arising out
of trouble connected with some ques
tion of labor, the interference itself
simply takes the form of restoring or
der without regard to the questions
which have caused the breach of or
der. In the District of Columbia and
in the territories the federal law cov
ers the entire field of government. But
the labor question is only acute in
populous centers of commerce, manu
factures or mining. Nevertheless both
In the enactment and in the enforce
ment of law the federal government
within its restricted sphere should set
an example to the state governments,
especially in a matter so vital as this
affecting labor.
Labor Unions.
I believe that under modern indus
trial conditions it is often necessary and
even where not necessary it is yet of
ten wise that there should be organiza
tion of labor in order better to secure
the rights of the Individual wagework
er. All encouragement should be given
to any such organization so long as it
is conducted with a due and decent re
gard for the rights of others. There
are in this country some labor unions
which have habitually and other labor
unions which have often been among
the most effective agents in working
for good citizenship and for uplifting
the condition of those whose welfare
should be closest to our hearts. But
when any labor union seeks improper
ends or seeks to achieve proper enas
by improper means all good citizens,
and more especially all honorable pub-
lie servants, must oppose the wrongdo
ing as resolutely as they would oppose
the wrongdoing of any great corpora-'
tion. Violence, brutality or corruption
should not for one moment be tolerat
ed. " "
Kntire Risrht to Ora-anUe.
TT .4t.A eMtorVtT1
wageworicers nave au euuic
to o. and b7 a., peacefa! and
honorable means to endeavor to per
suade their fellows to Join with them
in organizations. They have a legal
right, which, according to circum
stances, may or may not be a moral
right, to refuse to work in - .upany
with men who decline to Join their or
ganizations. They have under no cir
cumstances the right to commit vio
lence upon those, whether capitalists
or wageworkers, who refuse to support
their organizations or who-side with
those with whom they are at odds, for
mob rule Isjntolerable in any form.
The wageworkers are peculiarly enti
tled to the protection and the encour
agement of the law. Wherever the na
tional government ; has power there
should be a stringent employer's llabll
lfyUwwJtdch should applytothe gov:
eminent itself where the "government
Is an employer of labor. 1
Prevention of Railroad Accident.
The ever increasing casualty list up
on our railroads Is a matter of grave
public concern and urgently calls for
action by the congress. The passage of
a law requiring the adoption of a block
signal system has been proposed to the
congress. 1 earnestly concur in that
recommendation and would also point
out to the congress the urgent need Of
legislation in the Interest of the public
safety limiting the hours of labor for
rnllmnd PmnlnvoM in train at
nn r.!! ! .nl..JZ
on railroass engaged in interstate com- lSSJLX the forest w6rk of the govern- tegrlty of the elections of its own offl
merce and nmvidimr that Aniv ooject or us inquiries, dt conservative I 0m w a -7r,
merce and providing that only trained
and experienced persons -be employed
in positions of responsibility connected
with the operation of trains.
The safety appliance law, as amend
ed by the act of March 2, 1903, has
proved beneficial to railway employees,
and in order that its provisions may be
properly carried out the force of in
spectors provided for by appropriation
should be largely increased. This serv
ice has passed the experimental stage
and should receive generous recogni
tion by the congress.
Unionism In Government Office.
There is no objection to employees of
the government forming or belonging
to unions, but the government can nei
ther discriminate for nor discriminate
against nonunion men who are in its
employment or who seek to be em
ployed under It Moreover, it is a very
grave impropriety for government em
ployees to band themselves together
for the purpose of extorting improperly
high salaries from the government
Especially is this true of those within
the classified service. The letter car
riers, both municipal and rural, are as
a whole an excellent body of public
servants. They should be amply paid.
But their payment must be obtained
by arguing their claims fairly and hon
orably before the congress and not by
banding together for the defeat of
those congressmen who refuse to give
promises which they cannot in con
science give. The administration has
taken steps to prevent and punish
abuses of this nature, but It will be
wise for the congress to supplement
this action by legislation.
Butaa of Lakor.
Much can be done by the government
In labor matters merely by giving pub
licity to certain conditions. The bureau
of labor has done excellent work of
this kind in many different directions.
I shall shortly lay before you in a spe
cial message the full report of the in
vestigation of the bureau of labor into
the Colorado mining strike, as this Is a
strike in which certain very evil forces,
which are more or less at work every
where under the conditions of modern
Industrialism, became startllngly prom
inent It is greatly to be wished that
the department of commerce and la
bor, through the labor, bureau, should
compile and arrange for the congress
a list of the labor laws of the various
states and should be given the means
to Investigate and report to the con
gress upon the labor conditions In the
manufacturing , and mining regions
throughout the country, both as to
wages, as to hours of labor, as to
the labor of women and children and
as to the effect in the various labor
centers of immigration from abroad.
In this investigation especial attention
should be paid to the conditions of
child labor and child labor legislation
in the several states.
Corporations
When we come to deal with great
ment to act directly Is far greater than
in the case of labor, because great cor-4
oorations can become such only by" en-
caeinff in Interstate commerce, and in -
terstate commerce is peculiarly uw
floM of the eeneral. government It is
an absurdity to expect to eliminate the
aDllSes in great corporations by state
action. . It Is difficult to De paueni wiui
an argument that such matters should
be left to the states, because more than
one state pursues the policy of creat
ing on easy terms corporations which
are never operated within that state
at all, but in other states whose laws
they Ignore. The 'national government
alone can deal adequately with these
great corporations. To try to deal
with them in an Intemperate, destruc
tive or demagogic spirit would in aii
probability mean that n0m f
ever wouiu ue Bwuiuyuoucm -
absolute certainty J tnat ir - anyxnmg
were accomplished it would be of a
nature. The American peo-
nifl need to continue to show the very
Qualities that they have shown that Is,
moderation, good sense, the earnest
desire to avoid doing any aamage tu
,77 . lUnn a nmmed.
yet th i quiet .Wtajtto. M prod,
JCk . . ... .
step by step without halt and witnoui
hurry, in eliminating or a -
niminng whatever of mischief or of
evil there is to Interstate conuuww
in the conduct of great corporations.
They are acting in no spirit or nosumgr
to wealth, either Individual or ; cor
porate. They are not agatest the ricn
man any more than against the poor
ii i i . mtt thair im friend-
man. un xna couvt
ly alike toward rich man and toward
poor man, provmeu v ; " IT
in a spirit of Justice ana aec.j,
ward his fellows, ureat wrporauyu.
are necessary, ana umy w
and singular menwi yw ZXZ
a A. m Avtvmi nan . Tiin lis
age such corporanons buow'v.
and
such men must nave r
wards. But these corporations woxua
bmana.wlthue regard totiie
Interest of the public as a wlSoIa.
Where this can be done under the pres
ent laws it must be done. - Where
these laws come short others, should
be enacted to supplement them.
Bureau of Corporation. ;
. The bureau of corporations has mad
careful preliminary investigation c
many important corporations. It will
make a special report on the beet In
dustry
The policy of the bureau isto ac
complish the purposes of its creat&x
by co-operation, not antagonism t by
"" wusmicu irmuon, nor
destructive prosecution, the immediate
Investigation, of law and fact and by
refusal to Issue Incomplete and hence
necessarily Inaccurate reports. Its pol
icy being thus one of open inquiry into
and not attack upon business, tho bu-
ltuxu una juwu nuia vu ua UUl SHUT VUV I
v7l
confidence, bat, better still, the po-cp-eration,
of men engaged in legitimate
business.
The , bureau offers to the congress
the means of getting at the cost ofpeoi
Auction of our various great staples of
commerce.
Of necessity the careful investigation
of special corporations will afford the
commissioner knowledge - of certain
business facts, the publication of which
might be an improper infringement of
private rights. The method of making
public the results of these investiga
tions affords, under the law, a means
for the protection of private rights.
The wngress will have all facts except !
uuv.il ns wuumi Kivv w awuier cw
poration information which would In
jure the legitimate business of a com
petitor and destroy the Incentive for
individual superiority and thrift
The bureau has also made exhaustive
examinations into the legal condition
under which "corporate business Is car
ried on in the various states. Into all
judicial decisions on the subject and
Into the various systems of corporate
taxation in use. I call special attention
to the report of the chief of the bureau,
and I earnestly ask that the congress
carefully consider the report and rec
ommendations of the commissioner on
this subject
The business of insurance vitally af
fects the great mass of the people of
the United States and is national and
not local in its application. It tnvolv?--a
multitude of transactions among the
people of the different states and be
tween American companies and for-
elgn governments. I urge that tho con-
carefully consider whether the
power of the bureau of corporations
cannot constitutionally be extended to
cover Interstate transactions in Insur
ance. '
Rebate.
Above all else we must strive to keep
the' highways of commerce open to all
on equal terms, and to do this It is nec
essary to put a complete stop to all re
bates. Whether the shipper or the rail
road is to blame makes no difference.
The rebate must be stopped, the abuses
of the private car and private terminal
track and side track systems must be
stopped, and the legislation of the Fifty-eighth
congress which declares it to
be unlawful for any person or corpora
tion to offer, grant, give, solicit accept
or receive ' any rebate, concession er
discrimination In respect of the trans
portation of any property in Interstate
or foreign commerce whereby such
property shall by any device whatever
be transported at a less rate than that
named in the tariffs published by the
carrier must be enforced. While I am
of the opinion that at present it would
cable finally to clothe the Interstate
commerce commission with general au -
thority to fix railroad rates, I do be -
1 ueTe that as a fair security to ship -
pers the commission should do rested
with the power where a given rate has
been challenged and after full hearing
found to be unreasonable to decide, sub
ject to judicial review, what shall be a
reasonable rate to take its place, the
ruling of the commission to take effect
Immediately and to obtain unless and
until it Is reversed by the court of re
view.
Steamship companies engaged In In
terstate commerce and protected In our
coastwise trade" should be held to a
strict observance of the Interstate com-.
merce act
The president here discusses the
city of Washington, makimj numerous
i recommenaanons loosing 10 its Denser
i government He asks that laws be
n&88ed Dreventinir overcrowding in the
I i.aTr,ktl. AaMrt tne th abolition of
hlln(1 .ii-vs and the nroDer housing of
n He BjgQ recommends changes
m Q criminal code, and would have
wife beaters corporally punished. ?
I .,
poring the two and a half years that
h&y elapsed since the passage of tne
matjon act rapid, progress has
been made in the surveys and exami
nations of the opportunities for recla
mation in the thirteen states and three
territories of the arid west Construc
tion bss already been begun on the lar
gest and most Important of the Irriga
tion works, and plans are Deing conv
fQr worka which will utilize the
funds now available.
rest policy of tho government
, . nnw A anhieet of vivid DabUc
jntftregt thronghoot the west and to tne
people of the. United States in general,
I i '
foreBt reserves themselves are of
ATtreme value to the present as well
ftnrojreare plalL the
j L
.western public land states. 'They pow
erfully affect the us and disposal of
the public lands, They are of spe
cial importance because they pre
serve the water supply and the supply
of timber for domestic purposes and so
promote settlement under the reclama
tion act. Indeed they are essential to
the welfare of every! one of the great
interests of the west!
I have repeatedly called attention to
the confusion which exists in govern
ment forest matters because the work
is scattered among three Independent
organizations. As If have recoramend-
ment should be concentrated in the de
partment of agriculture, where the
larger - part of - that work la already
done. : The . Canyon! of the Colorado
should be made a Rational park, and
- . ., ,
elude- the Yosemitti and as many as
possible of the groves of giant trees In
California. fi
Pensions.
The veterans of the civil war have
claim upon the nation such as no
oth6r body of our citizens poesesaTTne
pension bureau has never in its history
been managed in sj more satisfactory
manner than-is now the case.
Consular' Service.
Our consular system needs improve
ment- Salaries should be substituted
for fees, and the proper classification.
grafting ana transfer or consular of
ficers should be provided. I am not
m of aj, , te appointment
prepared to say that a competitive sys-
would work well, but by-law it should
be provided that consuls , should be
familiar, according; to places for which
they apply, with the French, German
or Spanish language and should pos
sess acquaintance with the resources of
the United States. ;
It is desirable to enact a proper na
tional quarantine law.
I call your attention to the great
extravagance in printing and binding.
government publications and especially
to the fact that altogether too many of
these publications are printed.
- Currency. '
The attention of the congress should
be especially given to the currency
question and that the standing commit
tees on the matter in the two houses
charged with the duty take up the mat
ter of our currency and see whether it
is not possible to secure an agreement
in the business world for bettering the
system. The committees should con-
alder the question of the retirement of
the greenbacks and the problem of se
curing In our currency such elasticity
as is consistent' with safety. Every
silver dollar should be made by law re
deemable in gold at the option of the
holder. : -
Merchant Harlne.
I especially commend to your lmmedl
ate attention the encouragement of our
merchant marine by appropriate legis
lation.
The growing Importance of the orient
as a field tor American exports arew
from my predecessor. President Mc-
Klnley, an urgent request for its spe
cial consideration by the congress.
The Importance of securing proper
Information and data with a view to
the enlargement of our trade with Asja
Is undiminished! Our consular repre
sentatives in China have strongly
urged a place for permanent display of
American products In some prominent
trade center of that empire, under gov
eminent control and management as
an effective means of advancing our
export trade therein. I call the atten
tion of the congress to the desirability
of carrying out ; these suggestions
1 immiarration an Natnraiimatioa.
1 In dealing w$th the questions of im
1 migration and 1 naturalization it is in-
laiapensaDie to ;aeep certain racxs ever
I before, the minds of those who share
in enacting the laws. First and fore
most Jet us remember that the ques
tion of . being ! a good American has
nothing whatever to do with a man's
birthplace any; more than it has to do
with his creed. In every generation
from the time--this government was
founded men i of -foreign birth . have
stood In the I very foremost rank of
good' citizenship, and that not merely
in one but In every field of American
activity.. . !
There Is no danger of having too
many immigrants of the right kind,
I but the citizenship of this country
wwum uui u vwuMeu. o uuu uuv
Lwe should keep high the standard or
I well being among our wageworkers,
I and therefore we should not admit
I masses of men whose standards of liy-
ipg and whose personal customs and
habits are such that they tend to lower
the level of the American wageworker.
and above alS j we should not admit any
raan.of "an Unworthy, type.- Similarly
we should take the greatest care about
naturallzatioi. Fraudulent naturallza
tion, the ntituralization of Improper
persons, is a! curse to our government
and it is the affair of every honest
voter, wherever born, to see that no
fraudulent voting Is allowed, that no
fraud In connection with . naturaliza
tion Is permitted.
XUvision of Naturalisation Laws.
There should be a comprehensive re
vision of th naturalization laws. The
coorts havinir Dower
to natnrauze
should be definitely named Dy national
I . r . . . e S
authority, the testimony upon wiuqu
1 naturalization may be conferred snoxua
be definitely prescribed, publication of
ipiminy rnreHMfioTi itppllgflflons
I
should be required in advance of their
hearing in court, the form and word-
In? of all certificates issued should be
uniform throughout .the country, , an
the courts should be required to make
returns to the secretary of state at
stated periods of an naturalizations
conferred. . -
Not, only are 'the laws relating to
naturalization now defective, but those
relating to "citizenship of the United
States ought also to be made the sub
ject of scientific inquiry with a view to
probablefurther legislation. The pow
er of the government to protect the in-
dais is mnerent ana nas been recog
nized and affirmed by repeated dec
larations of the supreme court There
is no enemy of free government more
dangerous and none so insidious as
the corruption of the electorate. I rec
ommend the enactment of a law direct
ed against bribery and corruption in
federal elections.
Delay In Criminal Proeeentiona, ,
No subject is better worthy the at
tention of the congress than that por
tion of the report of the attorney gen
eral dealing with the long delays and
the great obstruction to Justice .experi
enced in the cases of Beavers, Green
and Gaynor and Benson. Were these
Isolated and special cases I should not
call your attention to them, but the dif
ficulties encountered as regards these
men who have been indicted for crimi
nal practices are not exceptional. They
are precisely similar in kind to what
occurs again and again in the case of
criminals who have sufficient means to
enable them to take advantage of a
system of procedure which has grown
up In the federal courts and which
amounts In effect to making the Jaw
easy of enforcement against the man
who has no money and difficult of en
forcement even to the point of some
times , securing immunity, as regards
the man who has. money. At present
the Interests of the innocent man are
amply safeguarded, but the Interests of
the government that is, the interests
of honest administration; that Is, the
interests of the people are not recog
nized as they should be.
The president discusses the progress
of the territories of Alaska, Hawaii
and Porto Rico, with recommendations
for changes in the present system of
government of the first named. - He de
sires to see a delegate from Alaska la
congress.
Forelsrn Poller-.
The steady aim of this nation? as of
all enlightened nations, should be to
strive to bring ever nearer the day
when there shall prevail throughout
the world the peace of justice, but
there aw kinds of peace which are
highly , undesirable, which are in the
long run as destructive as any war.
The goal to set before us as a nation.
the goal which should be set before all
mankind, is the attainment of the
peace of justice, .of the peace which
comes when each nation is not merely
safeguarded in its own rights, but
scrupulously recognizes and performs
its duty toward others. Generally
peace tells for righteousness, but if
there is conflict between the two then
our fealty is due first to the cause of
righteousness. Unrighteous wars are
common and unrighteous peace is rare,
but both should be shunned. The
right of freedom and the responsibility
for the exercise of that right cannot be
divorced. One of our great poets has
well and finely said that freedom is not
a gift that tarries long in the hands of
cowards. Neither does it tarry long in
the hands of those too slothful, too dls
honest or too unintelligent to exercise
it The eternal vigilance which is the
price of liberty must be -exercised
sometimes to guard against - outside
toes, although, of course, far more of
ten to guard against our own selfish or
thoughtless shortcomings.
It Is our duty to remember that a na
tion has no more right to do injustice
to another nation, strong or weak, than
an Individual has to do injustice to an
other individual; that the same moral
law applies in one case as in the other,
But we must also remember that it is
as much the duty of the nation to
guard Its own rights and i& own Inter
ests as it Is the duty of the individual
so to do. Until some method is devised
by which there shall be a degree of in
ternational control over offending na
tions , it would be a wicked thing for
the most civilized powers, for those
with most sense t of International obli
gationsand with keenest and most gen
erous appreciation of the difference be
tween right and wrong, to disarm. If
the great civilized nations of the pres
ent day should completely disarm the
result would mean an immediate re
crudescence of barbarism in one form
or another. Under any circumstances a
sufficient armament would have to be
kept up to serve the purposes of inter
national police, and until international
cohesion and the sense of international
duties and rights are far more ad
vanced than at present a nation desir
ous both of securing respect for itself
and of doing good to others must have
a force adequate for the work which it
feels is allotted to it as its part of the
general world duty. Therefore It fol
lows that a self respecting, just and
farseeine nation should on the. one
hailA endeavor by every means to aid
m the development of the various
movements which tend to provide sub
stitutes for war, which tendto. render
nations in their actions toward one an-
other and indeeoT toward" TEeir own
peoples more responsive to the general
sentiment of humane -and civilized
mankind, and, on the other hand; that
it should keep prepared,' while screpB
lously avoiding wrongdoing'' Itself, ta
repel any wrong and In exceptional
cases to take action which in a mors
advanced stage of international rela
tions would come under the head cf
the exercise of the International pottos.
; Arbitration Treaties. -
We are In every way endeavoring t
Help on,1 with - cordial good; wilL every
movement which will tend to bring as
into more friendly - relations 1 with the
rest of mankind. In pursuance of this
policy I shall shortly lay before the sen
ate treaties of arbitration with all now
era which are willing to enter into these
treaties with us. It Is not possible at
this period of the world's development
to agree to arbitrate all matters, but
there are many matters of posstblt
difference between us and other na
tions which can be thus arbitrated.
Furthermore, at the request of the in
terparliamentary union, an otnn"1
body composed of practical statesmen
from all countries, I. have asked the
powers to join with this government
in a second Hague conference, at which
it is hoped that the work already so "
happily begun at The Hague may be
carried some steps further toward
completion. This carries out the de
sire expressed by the first Hague con
ference itself.
Policy ToTrard Otner Katlons mi
Western ' Hemlannere.
It is not true that the United States
feels any land hunger - or entertains
any projects as regards the other na
tions of the western hemisphere save
such as are for their welfare.' All that
this country desires is to see the neigh
boring countries stable, orderly and
prosperous. Any country whose people .
conduct themselves well can count upon
our hearty friendship. If ' a nation
shows that it knows how to act with -
reasonable efficiency and decency in so
cial and political matters. If it keeps
order and pays its obligations, it neevi
fear no interference from the United
States. Chronic wrongdoing or an im
potence which results in a general loos
ening of, the ties of civilized socle;
may . in America, as eisewnere, uit :
mately require intervention by sou.
civilized . nation, and in the: western
hemisphere the adherence of the Un'i
ed States to the Monroe doctrine may
force the United States, however re
luctantly, ' In flagrant cases 'of such
wrongdoing or impotence, to the exer
cise of an international police power.
Rltfhta of American Cltleene Abroad.
It Is necessary for us firmly to insist up
on the rights of our own citizens abroad
without regard to their creed or race;
without regard, to whether they were
born here or born abroad. It has .
proved very difflcult to secure from
Bussia the right for our Jewish fellow j
citizen to receive passports and travel ''
through Russian territory. It is' a
wrong' against which we are entitled to -
protest to refuse him his . paoport
without regard to his conduct and char- '
acter, merely on racial and rellgLoas
grounds. ' " - ; "v. . . . ; -
. Tne RaTT : i' r-
The strong 'arm of the government
In enforcing respect for its just rights
in international matters is the navy of .
the United States. , I most earnestly
recommend that there be no halt in the
work of upbuilding the American navy.
We have undertaken to build the Isth
mian canal. We have undertaken to
secure tor ourselves our just share in
the trade of the orient We .have un
dertaken to protect our citizens from
Improper treatment In foreign lands.
We continue steadily to Insist on the
application of the Monroe doctrine to
the western hemisphere. Unless oar
attitude in these and all atelier mat
ters Is to be a mere boastful sham we
cannot afford to abandon our naval
programme. Our voice Is now potent
for peace and Is so potent because we
are not afraid of Van. But our pro
estations upon behalf of peace .would
neither receive nor deserve the sllght-
est attention if we were Impotent to
make them good, -
. ; -j; ' ' Tne Army .3
Within the last three years the Unit
ed States has set an example In dis
armament where disarmament - was
proper By law our army Is sx3 f
a maximum of 100,000 and a minimum
of 60,000 men. When there was insur
rection in the Philippines ws ktt tits
army at the maximum. Fesce came in
the Philippines, : and now our amy
has been reduced to the niinimum ' at
which It is possible to keep it with due
regard to its efficiency. We should be
able, in the event of soma suddsa
emergency, to put into the field one
first class army corps, whicn should be,
as a whole, at least the equal of ' any
body of troops of like number teloai
lnff to any other nation. ; ; : -7 :
Great progress has been, made ia pro
tecting pur coasts by. adsquits fcsSil
catipns th j sufadenV. 'gas. t Wo
should, however, paytnuclli tiers tesd
than at present to the' defilopasnt of '
an extensive system f floatinx tnfiitr
for use in all our more important har
bors. These .mines have, been proved
to be a most 1 formidable safejuxrd
against hostile fleets.' - "
In the Philippine Islands there has
been during the past year S continua
tion of the steady progress which has
obtained ever since our trooyi dsflaits
Continued on 4th page.
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