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VOL XI.
COLUMBUS, N. C., THURSDAY, MAECH 1, 1906.
NO. 44.
4r I I I
LARGE CORN YIELDS
Palmetto farmer Gives His
Method
DEEP AND CLOSE CULTIVATION
He Obtained a Phenominal Yield by
Proper Cultivation and Use of
Fertilizers. . -
In the Hartsvillc (S. C.) Messen
ger recently Mr. E. Mel ver. William
son of Darlington County, gives to
tlu- public a most valuable paper on
.-.'in culture. In view of the fact
that the Southern Cotton Association
a i the last meeting held in New
Orleans adopted resolutions of vital
importance to the Southern farmers
anions the most important of which
was that urging the farmers to diver
sity their crops and to plant corn and
other grain crops sufficent at least
tor horns consumption. This article
on the subject of corn culture by Mr.
Williamson is all the more important
and interesting. Mr. Williamson
nys : .
For a number of years after I be
gan to farm I followed the old time
method of putting the fertilized all
under the eorn, planting on a level or
higher, six by three feet, pushing the
plaut from the start and making a
big stalk, but the ears were few and
frequently small. I planted , much
corn in the spring and bought much
more eorn the next spring, until fin
ally 1 was driven to the conclusion
liiat corn could not be made on up-
uids in this section certainly not bv
tiif old method except at a loss.
1 did not give up however, for I
knew that the farmer Who did not
lt.nke. his own corn never had suc
ceeded and never would, so I began
t- experiment. First, I planted lower,
Mid the yeield was better, but the
stalk was still too large, so I discon
tinued altogether the application of
fertilizer before planting, and know
ing . that all crops should be fertili
zed at some time used mixed fertiliz
ers' :i side application and ; applied,
the more soluable nitrate of soda
later, be guided in this by the excel-
lant results obtained from its use as
a top dressing for oats. Still the
yield though regular, . was not large,
and the smallness of the stalk itself
r.ow suggested that they" should be
planted thicker in the' drill. This was
done the next year with results so
satisfactory that I continued from
year to year to increase the number
ol stalks and fertilizer, with Avhich
to sutain them, also to apply nitrate
of soda at last plowing, and tolay by
early sowing peas broadcast. This
wet hod steadily increased the yield
until year before last, (19G4) which
coin eleven inches apart in six foot
nws and $11 worth of fertilizer to
ilie acre, I made 83 bushels averaging
to the acre, severel of my best acres
making as much as 125 bushels.
Last year, (1905) I followed the
a me method,.planting the first week
n: A priL- 70 acres which had produc
ed the year before 1000 pounds seed
eo Hon per acre. The land sandy up
land, somewhat . rolling. Seasons very
unfavorable, owing to the tremendous
rains in May and the dry and extrem
ly hot weather later on. From June
l.-'th lo July 12th, the time when it
niost needed moisture there was o.t
of an inch of rainfall here; yet wTith
$7.ul, cost of fertilizer, my yield was
52 bushels ter acre. Rows were six
iiet and com sixteen inches in drill
With this method, on land that will
orJinlanly produce 1000 lbs. of seed
t ton with SOO pounds of fertilizer,
-"') bushels of corn should be made
by using 200 pounds of cotton seed
i--al, 200 pounds of acid phosphate,
and 400 pounds of Kainit mixed or
their equivalent in other fertilizer,
Mid 125 pounds of nitrate of soda, all
t be used as side application as di-
re-led below.
On Jand that Avill make a bale and
ine half of cotton per acre when fer
tilized, a hundred bushels of corn
should, be produced by doubling the
mount of fertilizer above,, except
'nat S00 pounds -of nitrate of soda
'should be used.
In each case there should be left on
i!ie land in corn stalks, peas, vines
:md roots, from $12 to $1G worth of
fertilizing material per acre, besides
the great benefit to the land from so
large amount of vegetable matter.
The place of this in the permanent
improvement of land can never be
taken for commercial fertilizer, for it
absolutely impossible - to make
lands rich as long as they are are
lacking in vegetable matter.
Land should be thoroughly and
leeply broken for com, and this is
the time in a system of rotation to
' 'ecpcn ths soil. Cotton requires a
wore compact soil than corn, and
while a deep soil is essential to its
best development, it will not produce
as' well on loose open land, at tile corn
docs best on laiul thoroughly broken.
A deep soil will not only produce
inoTe lieavily than a shallow soil with
good seasons, but it will stand more
wet as well as more "dry weather.
In preparing for, the corn rop,
land should be 4mken broadest dur
ing the wintcy one fourth deeper than
it has been plowed before, or if much
vegetable matter is being turned un
tier, it. may broken one third deep
eV.. This is1 as much deepening; as
land wili usually stand in one year
and produce well, though it may be
continued each year, so long as much
dead vegetable matter is being turn
ed under. It may, however, ba sub
soiled to any depth by following in
bottom of turn ploAv furrow, provided
no more of the sub soil than has been
directed, is turned up. Break with
two horse plow if possible, or better
with disc plow. With the latter, cot
ton stalk or corn stalk as large as
we ever make, can be turned under
wihout having been chopped, and in
pea-vines it will not chop or drag.
Ne er plow land when-it is wet, if
you ever expect to have any use for
it again.
Bed Avith turn' plow in six foot
rows, leaving five inch balk. When
ready to plant, break this .out Avith
scooter, following in bottom of this
furrow Avith Dixie ploAv, Aving taken
off. Ridge then on this furrow 'with
same pIoav going deeper. Run corn
planter on this ridge dropping one
grain every five or six inches. Plant
early, as soon as frost danger, is past,
say first seasonable spell after March
15th, in this seetion. Especially is
early planting necessary W very rich
lands where stalks cannot otherwise
be prevented from growing too large.
Uive nrst working: with narrow or
any plow that will not cover the plant
For second Avorking, use ten or tAvelve
inch sweep on both sides of corn,
which should now4 be about eight
"inches high. Thin after this Avork
ing. It is not necessary that the
plants should be left the same dis
tance apart, if the right number re
main to each yard of row.
Corn should , hot be Avorked again
until the groAvth has been so retarded
and the stalk so hardened that it Aril
ne ver enw tobTarre. " This is the
most difficult point in the whole .pro
cess. Experience and judgment are
required to knoAv just how, much the
stalk should be stunted, and plenty of
nerve is required to hold back your
corn when. your neighbors aaIio ferti
lized at planting time and cultivated
rapidly, have corn twice the size of
yours. (They are having their fun
now. Yours will come at harvest
time.) The richer the land the more
necessary it is that stunting process
should be throughly done.
When you are convinced that your
corn has been sufficently humiliated
you may begin to make the ear. It
should be from tAvelve to eighteen
inches high, and look Avorse than you
have ever had any corn look before.
Put half your mixed fertilizers,
(this being the first used at all) is the
old sweep furrow on both sides of
every other middle and cover by
breaking -out this middle with turn
plow. About one Aveek later treat
the. other middle the same way.
Within a few days side corn in first
middle will: sixteen inch sAveep. Put
all your .nitrate of soda in this fur
row, if less than 150 pounds. If more
use one-half of it hoav. Cover with
cue -furrow of turn plow, then soav
peas in this middle breadcast at the
rate of .at least one bushel to the
acre and finish breaking out.
In a few days side eorn in other
middle Avith same SAveep, put balance
of nitrate of soda in this furrow if it
has been divided, cover Avith turn
plow, sow pefes' and break out. This
iaj's by your crop wuth a good bed
and plenty offdirt around your stalk.
This should be from June 10th to
20th, unless season is very late, and
corn should be hardly bunching for
tassel. ,
Lay by early. More corn is ruined
by late ploAving than by lack of plow
ing. This is Avhen' the ear is hurt.
The good rains after laying by should
make you a good crop of corn, and
it Avill certainly make Avith much less
rain , than if , pushed and fertilized in
the old Avay. '
The stalks thus raised are very
small, and do not require any thing
like the moisture even in proportion
to size, that is neeessary for larger
sappy stalks. This may, therefore, be
left much thicker in the row. This
is no new process. It has long been
a custom to cut back vines and trees
in order to increase the yeild and
pulity to fruit, and so long as you
do not hold back your corn, it will go,
'lite mine so long went, all to stalk.
Do not be discouraged by the looks
of your cotton during the process of
cultivation. It will yield out of all
proportion to its ; appearance. ; Large
stalks cannot make large yields, ex
cept With extreme favorable seasons,
for they cannot staiid a lack of
moisture. Early applications of ma-
mire go to make large stalks, -which,
you do not want, and the plant food
is all thus used up before the nar,
which you do want, is made. Tall
stalks, not only Avill not ''produce well
themselves, but Avill not alloAV you to
make the peavines. so necessary to
the improvement of laud. Corn raised"
by this method shonld never gror
over 7 1-2 feet high, and the ear
should be near to the ground.
I consider the final application of
nitrate of soda an essential point in
this ear making process. It should
ohvavs be applied at last plowing and
unmixed with other fertilizers.
1 am satined Avith one ear to the
stalk unless a proline variety is
planted, and leave a hundered stallts
for "every bushel that 1 expecfr to
make I find the six loot roAV easiest
to cultivate with.-out injuring the
corn. For fifty bushels to the acre,
I leave it sixteen inches apart : for
seven tv-five bushels, to the acre, 12
inches apart, and for one hundred
bushels eight inches apart. Corn
should be planted from four to six
inches below the level, and laid by
four to six inches above. No hoeing
should be necessary,- and middles may
be kept clean until time to break out,
bv using harrow or bv running one
slel furrow in center of middle and
bedding on that. with one or more
rounds of turn plow.
1 would advise only a few acres
tried by this method the first year, or
until yon are familiar with its appli
cation. Especially is it hard, at first,'
to fully carry out the stunting process,
where a Avhole crop i? involved, and
this is the absolutely essential part
of the process.
This method I have applied or seen
applied, successfully, to all kinds of
laud in this section except Avet lands
and moist bottoms, and I am confi
dent it can be made of great benefit,
throughout the entire South.
In the middle West. Avhere corn is
so prolific and profitable, and where,
unfortunately for us, so much of ours
has been produced, the stalk does, not
naturally jjrow large. As we come
South its size increases, at the ex
pense of the ear, until in Cuba and
ivlexico it is nearly all c talk (witness
Mexican varieties.)
The purpose of this method is to
eliminate this tendency of corn to
overgrowth at the expense of yield,
in this Southern climate.
By this method I have made my'
corn srop, and my neighbors and
friends who t have, without exception,
derived great benefit therefrom.
Plant your own seed. I avouUI not
advise a change of seed and method
the same year, as you will not know,
from Avhich you have deriAed the
benefit. I have used three varities,
all have done well. I have never used
this method of late planting. In
fact, I do not advise the late plant
ing of corn, unless it be necessary for
cold loAA-lands. -".
The increased cost of labor and
the high price of all material and
land, are rapidly making farming un
profitable, except to those who are
getting , from one acre, what they
f ormerly got from two. We must
make our lands . ricter by ploAving
deep, planting peas and other legu
mes, manuring them with acid phos
phates and potash, which are rela
tively cheap, and returning . to the
soil the resultant Aegetable matter
rich in humus and expensiAe nitrogen.
The needs of our soils are such that
the South can never reap the" full
measure' of properity that should be
hers, until this is done.
J' give this method as a farmer to
the farmers of the South, trusting
j that thereby they may be benefitted
; lls I have been.
E. Melver Williamson.
Too Young to Realize His Crime.
Pittsburg, Pa., Special. A coro
ner's jury acquitted nine-year-old
Harry Haas of the death of his bro
ther, Howard, aged 13 years of age,
Avhom he stabbed- with aa pocket
knife a week ago, holding that the
boy Avas too young to realize the
enormity of his crime. The jury re
cemmended, hoAvever, that the juvi
nile court make an investigation into
the case.
.Ex-Speaker Henderson Dead.
Dnbuaue. Ia., Special David B.
x 7 ,
Henderson, foraierly speaker of the
r.ational House of Representatives.
died Saturday afternoon at Mercy
Hospital of peresis, which attacked
nine months ago. Col. Henderson be
gan to sink Friday afternoon, rallied
Saturday morning, but in the after
noon lapsed into unconsciousness and
failed rapidly until the end same. All
ot ms iamiiy . except a soh w. vaiuw
nia, were at the bedside.
A GOB"" OF THOUGHT.
A. lot of men attended the Boston
tea party," observed the sage of
Plunkville, "who couldn't get an in
vite todav to a third-class Beacon
street affair."
DEADLY COLLEGEFIRE
Students Aroused to find the
Flames Around Them
PROPERTY LOSS WAS SEVERE
Fire at Gambier, O., Destroys Five
Buildings of-the Well-Known Kin
yon Institutions, ollege and Mili
tary Academy Breaking out at 4
O'clock in the Morning Bodies of
Dead Still in Hot Ruins Nine
Seriously Injured and Others More
or Less Hurt.
Gambier, O., Speeial. Three are
dead and nine seriously injured and
several others more or less hurt as a
result of a fire at Keyon College and
Military Academy, Avhich destroyed
Milner hall, the military academy,
uelauo and Aorth Annex. The fire
broks out at 4 a. m., Avhile the stu
dents and college authorities Avere
still asleep and quickly spread
through the buildings named, Avhich
were consumed. The search for the
missing boys, the bodies of whom it
is noAV certain are in the ruins, was
kept up till late in the afternoon when
the walls of the burned structure fell
and at uight their recovery is regard
ed as impossible for some time. The
search during the day Avas impeded
by the fact that the ruins were still
red hot and passing through them
tvas nearly impossible. The falling
walls in the afternoon barelv missing
Dr. Pierce, president of Keyon, and
Regents Wiaut and Williams, who
were leading
a party ot rescurers
1
through the ruins
The djead and in-
jured'
are all students of. the mili
tary academy and old Kenypn.
Parents, sisters and brothers of the
V-Ce.id and injured students arrived on
every train. The nes of the fYQ
spread quickly all over the State and
telegrams Avere sent at onck by the
college authorities to parents of the
boys iuiured. The messaged were not
made alarming, but even Avnile mildly
stating the case, aroused grave appre
hensions and the anxious fathers and
mothers have rushed to aid their
.loved ones. -
The property loss by the destruc
tion of the buildings is estimated to
be $100,000 with 60 per cent, insur
ance.
Following is a list of missing and
injured : ,
Missing believed to be dad:
Henderson, EAerett, 18, of Illinois.
Kunkle, Winfield Scott, 15, of Ash.
tabula, O. -
Fuller,' James J., 18, of Warren, O.
The injured:
Barnes, Harry Cleveland, spine
injured and : leg : broken f com jumping
four stories; may die.
Baker, Lenox W., Cleveland, inter-
rally injured; jumped four stories.
Nicholson, J. Underwood, Steuben-
ville; terribly burned about the body;
may die.
Shannon, R. A., Wellsville, N. Y.,
badly bruised from jumping.
Thienveekster, Homer, Otf Har
bor, O., badly burned about the arms.
; Bierell, A. G., Columbus, feet badly
burned.
Galwav, F. R. commercial master.
Adrian, Mich., internally injured;
may die. ;
Dorsey, W. O., Dallas, Tex., badly
bruised; jumped three stories.
BroAvn, Arthur, Cincinnatti, stu
dent at old Kenyon; -badly cut while
assisting in the rescue.
Miners Strike Averted. "
Indianapolis, Special. In a state
ment issued to the Associated Press,
Vice President T. L. LeAvis, of the
United Mine workers of America, de
clares: there will be no strike of-the
United Mine Workers in April, -saying
the operators Avill restore the reduc
tion accepted by the miners two years
ago, and perhaps more.
Cemetaries Bar Out Hoch.
. Chicago, Special. The body of Jo
hann Hoch lay in the county morgue
at Dunning, HI., while the undertaker
who had agree to inter the corpse at
his own expense, and the two clergy
men' who were on the scaffold Fri
day when Hoch was hanged, vainly
tried to find a burial place. After
repeated efforts to secure a final rest
ing place for the body of Hoch in one
of the city cemeteries, the two clergy
men finally despaired and the body
was interred in the potters' field ad
joining the county poor farm at Dun
ning. f
TO FIGHT TOBACCO TRUST
A.t Meeting of North Carolina Farm
ers ' Protective Association at Dur
ham Movement is Inaugurated
Looking to Xrecetion of Indepen
dent Factories by Tobacco Growers
to Fight Trust. '
Durham, Special The annual meet
ing at the JNorth Carolina Farmers'
Protective Association was held here
Friday at noon. At this meeting the
farmers decided to hold another meet
ing here March, 10. It was also decid
ed that the farmers will build fac-
. . . . -v.
tones in this and other States and,
committees were appointed for the
purpose of drafting by-laws and de
vising plans for the future. The meet
ing was addressed by Gen. J. S. Carr.
C. C. Moore. Mr. Gildewell Rocking
ham, John R. Hutchins, Wilson; Pres
ident John S. Cunningham, Person
county; J. M. Umstead of. this coun-
ty ; H. G. fcagsdale, of Wake county,
and others,
beveral ideas were put - forward.
Some wanted to curtail acreage and
diversify crops. Others wanted to es
tablish storage warehouses and hold
crops for better prices. Still others
wanted to inaugurate a movement
to raise monev. establish fnctorips nn
a large scale, and fight the great
American tobacco trust. This Avas the
iead thkt seemed to prevail. The com
mittee appointed will prepare the bv-
laws and devise plans for the build
x
ing of factories and earn ing out the
idea that seemed to prevail. The com
generalj idea of the factory movement
seemed to be that the farmers should
subscribe stocks, small amounts being
taken by each farmer, and that large
factories should be built in this State,
Virginia, KentuckA', Tennessee and
Missouri.
Then, with the farmers - as , the
source of supply and with factories of
their own, they hope to get the best
possible price for their products.
At the meeting in March the move
ment will either fall through or take
some definite shape, as the committees
I appointed were empowered to prepare
plans and devise, the proper scheme.
The attendance represented - several
counties. Those present were enthu
siastic and a great meeting is ex
pected in March.
Items of State News.
The secretary of State granted
charters to the General Transporta
tion Company, at Canton; $10,000 has
been paid in Avith an authorized capi
tal stock of $100,000; ineoporators O.
Carr, C. S. Bryant, A. Howell, S. S.
Smith and W. T. Mayson; the com
pany will do a construction and de
veloping business; the Washington
Drug Company, Washington, whole
sale and retail, authorized capital
stock $100,000, with $5,800 paid in,
W. C. Rodman, R. A. Nicholson amL
about 20 others stockholders ; Bas
night Lumber Company, at Wards
Mill, Onslow county, incorporators J.
S. and D. W, Basnight, local men; A.
W. Davis, C. L. Sinnickson, A. B.
Smith and. the Sinnickson-Smith Lum
ber Company, all of New Jersey;
$12,000 subscribed in and authorized
capital stock of $125,000; Graham
Canning Company, at Graham, to op
erate an extensiATe cannery 'for fruit
and vegetables capital stock $15,000
with W. S. Vestal, J. N. McCracken
and J. S. Cook as incorporators; the
Shelby Wood Working Company, at
Shelby, with Editor Clyde R. Hoey,
W. H. Eskridge, W. R. Newton. C. B.
Blanton, D. D. Wilkins, C. J. AVood
son, and J. F. Gaffney, incorporators;
of an authorized capital stock of $25,
000 there has been subscribed $3,100 ;
the Monroe Harware Company, at
Monroe, Avith D. E. Allen of Char
lotte, and others incorporators, wraa
granted a certificate of dissolution.
The State charters the Central Car
olina Hospital Co., at Sanford, to
conduct a surgical and special hospi
tal, Avith a training school for nurses;
authorized capital stock $25,000 of
Avhich amount there has been subscrib
ed $2,200, by W. A. Monroe, L. M.
MclA-er, J. P. Monroe, C. H. Smith.
J. W. Scott, S. P. Hatch, W. S. Weth
erspoon and D. E. Mclver, all of San
ford. May Issue $125,000 Bonds. . .
Winston-Salem, Special. The Sa
lem commissioners, at their regular
monthly meeting next Friday night;
vill probably order an election to be
leld Tuesday, May Sth, -when the pro
position to issue bonas in the amount
of .$125,000 rili be Submitted to the
voters. The object of this bond is to
purchase the Avater supply plant of
that city, which is now the property
of private individuals and the exten
sion of water mains and ssAverage.
The plant is being offered at $S5,000,
which is considered reasonable.
WELCOMED TO CUBA
Mr. and Mrs. Longworth Arc
Cordially Received
WILL SPEND A WEEK ON ISLAND
Couple, Together with New American
Minister, Received by Committee
"of Cuban Congress and Represen
tative of President Palma Guests
of Minister Morgan.
Havannah, By Cable The steamer
Mascotte, haAnng on board Mr. and
Mrs. Nicholas Longworth and Edv?in -V.
Morgan, the neAV American min
ister to Cuba, arrived here from Flor
ida after a smooth trip and was
boarded by the attaches of the Amer
ican legation and Frank Steinhardt,
the American consul at Havana, the
reception committee of the. Cuban
Congress and President Palma 's mil
itary aide-de-camp, who were receiv
ed by the travelers on the after deck.
Congressman Govin, as spokesmau of
the committee, briefly and cordially
welcomed Minister Morgan and as
sured Mr. and Mrs. Longworth that
Cuba was delighted with the oppor
tunity of honoring the daughter of
her best friend. Mr. and Mrs. Long
worth went ashore in a launch in
charge of the Cuban President's aide
de-camp, a gaily decorated tug, char--tered
by the American Club, accom
panying them. Thence they were
driven in an automobile to Mr. Mor
gan's residence in the suburb of Ma-
lianna. The Longworths plan to re
main here a Aveek.
Extends German Tariff Rate. .
Berlin, By Cable The Reichstag
has passed the first and second read
ings, without amendment," of the gov-r
ernment's proposal to extend recip
rocal tariff rates to the United States
until June 30, 1907. Chancellor von
BueloAV made a statement in which
he said the imperial - government
asked the Reichstag to authorize the
application of the treaty rates to
the United States, not as a right un
der the most favored nation inter
pretation, but in- order that the ne
gotiations pending might still be
conducted to a satisfactory end and
because it was in the interest of both
countries to "avoid a tariff war The
Chancellor said he placed a high
value on good national relations be
tween Germany and the United
States, which were a , blessing in
both lands, but it would deceive to
believe that, he would buy political
friendship by the sacrifice of Ger
many's economic interests. The
grounds of the government's propo
sal were that a tariff war, which
must only be resorted to in ease of
necessity, would damage not only
Germany's interests, but other im
portant departments of industry. Al
though the United States would be
injured in exports, which had grown
considerably, the advantage of such
a war would rest with a third coun
try. The Chancellor presumably
meant Great Britain.
Summarizing a note from ! Secre
tary Root to Ambassador Sternberg,
Prince, von Buclow said that as soon
as reciprocal relations - of trade
has been granted to the - United
States, the President will publish a
proclamation granting Germany a
continuance of the advantages of
Section 3 of the Dingley tariff.
Verdict for $4,000. ,
Grensboro, Special. Henry Hunt
ley, colored, was given a verdict for
$4,000 against the Southern Railway
Company in Guilford Superior Court,
the jury having had the case under
consideration since 4 o 'clock Thurs
day afternoon. Huntley sued for
$25,000 as damages oh account of an
injured leg by falling off a box car.
Hoch Hanged.
Chicago, Special. John Hoch, con
victed wife-murderer and - 'confessed
bigamist, was hanged in the county
jiU Friday for poisoning his wofe,
Marie Welcker Hoch. He faced
death with a, prayer on his lips for
the officers of the law who took his
life, and save for the words good
bye," his last utterance was an as
sertion that he was innocent of the
crime for which he paid the extreme
penalty of the law. He was the no-,
tprious wife murderer, and his trial
has developed many efforts to evade
justice. '
4 -
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