HorfculH
IMvki
GROW APPLES IN NORTHWEST
Cost of Production and Orchard Man.
agement Studied by Department
of Agriculture.
prepared by the United St.-tes Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
The current cost of producing ap
ples in the Tayette valley, in western
Iikho, averaged 71 cents per bushel
I)ox under the normal prices of farm
labr and material which existed in
lOlo, when farm management special
ists of the United Stated department
of agriculture conducted a study in the
''district. The report of their study has
been published in bulletin 630, and is
one of a series of publications covering
tbe studies in intensive commercial ap
p!e-growing districts in the Northwest.
It was found that yield was the prin
cipal factor which affects the cost per
Saving All the Apples.
box In the Payette and other valleys
w litre studies were made, and that the
cost of maintaining an orchard remains
practically the same per aire whether
tbe yields are hifjh or low. Other fac
tors affeetingvthe cost per box are the
size of the orchard, the system of
orchard management which is prac
ticed and the amount of credit derived
from wood and cull apples from the
orchard. The study in the Payette val
ley brought out the fact that diversi
fied farming in combination with fruit
growing gives stability-to agriculture.
Although specialized fruit growing may
be more successful in that section in
some seasons, says the bulletin, the
general and more diversified farms are
the more successful on the average of
a series of years.
FORMULA FOR GRAFTING WAX
Resin and Beeswax Should Be Broken
Up Fine and Melted Together
With Tallow.
Prepared by the LjJted States Depart
merit of Ai iculture.)
A good grafting wax may be made
of the following ingredients: Resin,
4 parts; beeswax, 2 parts; tallow or
linseed oil, 1 part by weight. If a
harder wax is needed, 5 parts of
resin and 3l2 of beeswax may be used
with- 1 part of tallow. v
The resin and beeswax should be
broken up fine and melted together
with the taliow. When thoroughly
melted the liquid should be poured into
a vessel of cold water. As soon as it
becomes hard enough to handle it
fhould be taken out and puUcd and
worked until it becomes tough and has
the cokf jf very light-colored manlla
paper. If the wax is applied by hand,
the bands should be w;ell greased, tal
low being the best material for this
purpose. The wax may be applied hot
with a brush, but care is necessary in
order to avoid Injury.
The wu should be spread carefully
over all cut or exposed surfaces and
pressed closely, to that upon cooling
it will form a sleek coating impenetra
ble to air and moisture.
Waxed string may. be prepared by
'putting a ball of No. OS knitting cotton
into a kettle of melted grafting wax.
In five minutes it will be thoroughly
saturated, after which it will remain
in condition for use indefinitely.
FRUIT GRADER SAVES LABOR
Scries of Inclined Planes Arranged to
Sort Out Different Sizes in
Packing Apples.
trading fruit by hand if you have
nuifh to go over Is a tedious job. Let
a M ries of Inclined planes do tlie work
for instance, anyone knows that ap
Ms will roll downhill. Tou put the
J'PP'es rn the first shelf, the one on
top. The apples roll to the other end.
Those small enough to go through the
holes drop to the next shelf below
a-nd, start rolling again, tbe small ones,
in turn, dropping to the next lowest.
Those too big to pass through the
holes pass on off the shelf into bas
kets or crates. Dropping through the
holes does not bruise the fruit be
cause on the shelf underneath is a .
cushion that keeps thern from touch
ing the wooden shelf itself.
At . - - : . - . L" i i ,i i ,
0
Wfmm
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PEKINGESE PUPPIES.
"Well, I am not surprised," said Yen
V ang.
' "I am glad to hear It," barked Choo
Foo.
"What makes you so pleasant to
day?" asked Yen Wang.
"The same reason which is waking
you pleasant," said Choo Foo. "And
next year I w'll be more pleasant than
you are today. Yes, I will. Indeed, I
will."
"No. you won't," barked Yen Wang,
crossly. "You will never be more
pleasant than I am today." j
"It would seem that I am more
pleasant now," said Choo Foo.
"Oh, you may he talking or harking
more cheerily, bin I mean," said Yen
Wang, "that you haven't the cause
for being more pleasant than I am to
day." "Then if you have every reasou to
be more pleasant, be pleasant," said
Choo Foo.
"I may take your adv?ce and I may
not," sa:d Yen V.Vng. "You must re
nember that I am very hi rhly bred,
ami I can do as I like. I don't have
to be kind or nice or friendly, for I
an valuable and my family tree is per
fect." "What do you mean by family
tree?" asked Choo Foo.
"My dear Dog," said Yen Wang, "a
f-.mi'.y tree means that a person or
has fine ancestors. My ancestors,
for example, came from China. They
vcre highly bred. They did not have
to -look after themselves and pick up
hones anywhere and everywhere.
Tiny' were fed royally and magnifi
cently." "Well, if that Is wluu it means to
h:ive a family tree," said Choo Foo,
"1 have one, too. I came from China.
I have had fine grandparents and
great-grandparents, which are the
same as ancestors. And my family
have never gone a-hunting for bones."
4Vell ," said Yen Wang, "that is
fine. I know you have a family tree,
for tf you hadn't, you wouldn't be
here."
"Have all the dors family trees who
are here?" asked Choo Foo.
"Every one of them," said Yen
Wang. "You see that this is a special
dog show, given by a club called the
Pekingese club.
"They named the club after us.
That was an honor to begin with, but
we are, deserving of all honors, for we
are sj highly born, so artistocratlc, so
beautiiul and So s mbtsh.
"And they are holding a dog show,
as I said before; biit it's not a com
mon dog show. It's a dog show where
only rekingose dogs are allowed to
' come, and most of us here today are
puppies that is, we're, all pretty
young."
I "How many o? us are here?" askeri
j Choo Foo. These two dogs were in lic
' tie houses adjoining each other.
"I believe," sai l Yen Wang, "that
there are two hundred nd fifty Jogs
here today. And of all those dogs I
took tbe first prize. That's why I am
pleasant."-
"You mean that is why you are as
pleasant, as it is possible for you to
be," said Choo Foo.
"Maybe so." sai l Yen Wang, "for
I never believe ir; bring too pleasant.
It would be beneath my dignity. I am
a very mistocratic dog, as I said be
fore." "Yes, so you said." agreed Choo
Foo, "and if you are so proud at bav
in r receiv ed the first prize in this
whole shew, do you wrnder I am
"pleased? For I received the second
prise."
"Yes," said Yen Wang, "If you can't
receive the first prize, it is always
nice to get the s vorid,"
"And do you mean," asked Choo
Foo, "that every dg here has a fam
ily tree?"
'"Every one," said Yen Wang.
"There Is not a dog in the place
without fine, noble, highly-bred ances
tors, or great-great-grandparents, as
you prefer to call them."
"No wonder, then." said Choo Foo,
"that my mistress gives me the choic
est of foods."
"So does mine," said Yen Wang. "I
have my own meals. I bark at the ta
ble three times again when the family
is eating, and I am given choice bits
to rt and every afternoon when the
mini-ess has tea, I am given cream,
rich cream in a beautiful saucer, and
a piece of expensive cake made with
eggs."
"It's very nice to be rich," yawned
Chco Foo, in a bored little voice.
Honors Sclf-Rccpecting.
Do no hesitite iv. do the right thing
for fear some one else nay rrsunder
stand it and criticize you. There are
some people who live in. such constant
fear of being nisuntVrstood. that they
let the maj rity of their chances pass
unirv.oi-ov'd.. If yn know you are do
ing as yo;i ought, you will never trou
ble yourself as to what others are
thinking. I" time, if not at the start,
the world honors the one who respects
himself. Girls' Companion.
Goodness and the Rewsrd.
Mother I am going out, Mamie, and
I want vou to be a gond little girl
while I am gone, and I'll "brlr.g you
home a paper of candy. Now, are you
going to be good.
Mamie Yes, I suppose so ; but I can t
tell how good I ought to be unless I
know how big that paper of candy Is
going to be.
POLK COUNTY NEWS, TRYON, N. C.
beautiful
oimt
Beachcroft Path on
Y u HE bill before congress to cre
ate tne wount uesert national
park upon Mount Desert Is
land, Maine, has called spe
cial attention to one of the most dis
tinguished scenic places In the coun
try. Already It Is a national reserva
tion, President Wilson having pro
claimed it the Sieur de Monts National
monument two years ago. The move
ment to promote it to national park
hood marks the appreciation of New
England and the country generally re
sulting from the public attention de
voted to this spot In consequence of
the president's act.
Sieur de Monts is the only spot on
the Atlantic coast where sea and moun
tain meet. Also it is typical in the
best sense of the magnificence of the
deciduous forests of the East; these
are not elsewhere represented in the
national scenic group. Mount Des
ert will be the only national park
east of the Mississippi.
Many thousand? of persons who do
not identify this splendid group of sea
girt mountains under Its present title
of Sieur de Monts will place it at
once under the title proposed for the
national park, .as the granite heights
which rise behind Bnr Harbor and the
other resorts of Mount Desert Island.
The. rounded summits of more than a
dozen low mountains and the beautiful
lakes which nestle at their feet are
inclosed in the reservation. Nowhere
else may the pleasures of seashore and
rock-bound coast be combined with
those of a wild mountainous wilder
ness. Favorite Summer Resort.
For many years these mountains
have lured summer visitors into their
fastnesses. Their splendid forests of
oak, pine, hemlock, chestnut, beech,
..W.'.V..W.V
View From
Fighting With Smoke.
Smoke is a valuable weapon in this
... . 7 1 1L
war; it is extensively useu ou uoui
sides to mask military and naval move-
meats, and elaborate means nave Deen
dev., ted to throw up clouds of smoke.
A very interesting use of smoke is de
scribed thus in Scientific American:
"During a poisonous gas attack smoke
is employed to ward off the fumes. Be-
inc considerably heavier than the poi-
M
MWft.VWAVAW XAy.:.w.'Av ........... - . .
1
sonous gase generally employed, a j a nonpoisonous solder has been ob
barrage of smoke causes the danger- j tained by combining bismuth and cad
ous fumes tc pass over trenches and rnium, both of which metals are found
dugouts and to dissipate themselves
In the higher regions.'
Fans and F!ags.
"I see a Texas Inventor has patent
ed an attachment for sewing 'machines
to wave a fan as a person is sewing,"
remarked the lady.
"Well," rep' led friend husband, who
was ntilizinir a strong nail in lieu of
a suspender button. "I knovy a man
who would wave a few dozen, flags If a
rta in party would do a . little sewing."
Deic
Pickett Mountain.
maple and other well-known trees of
the Appalachian range, the perfection
of their native shrubs, the luxuriance
of their wild flowers, the charm ol
their wild valleys and lakes, and th
stirring views of island-dotted sea
from their slopes and summits bring
visitors back again summer after sum
mer. All of these mountains were in
private possession ; summer estates
were shutting out large areas from
public use. That is why a group of
pubMc-spirited men undertook a dozen
years ago to acquire the mountains
and present them to the nation. Some
gave their estates, others gave money
to buy holdings which could not be got
by gift. The Mount Desert National
park, when congress thus creates It,
will stand also for the fine generosity
and public spirit of New England.
Older Than the Rockies.
Summer visitors always are inter-
; ested in the extreme age of these
i mountains. They are granite of the
I Archean age. They stood there, doubt
I less far loftier and perhaps serrated.
before the now loftier Rockies and the
Sierra Nevada even emerged from the
prehistoric sea. These summits have
been rounded in the intervening many
millions of years by the frosts and the
rains and the giant ice sheets which
descended time and again from the
north. The record of the glaciers may
be read still upon their slopes.
The mountains are entirely sur
rounded by fine automobile roads along
the shore which connect the seaside
resorts. But In many places the cliffs
spring straight from the ocean, whose
waves lash and corrode their granite
feet. A greater variety of sensations
may be had from this combination of
sea and mountain than Is offered by
any Western national park, however
large and majestic.
us
WW
Dry Mountain.
Huns Make Solder Having Little Tin.
Owing to the scarcity of tin in Ger
manv. efforts have been made to pro-
, duce a solder containing none of that
.metal, vvnat is pronounceu an ecei
lent substitute was made from 80 per
cent lead, plus cadmium and tin, but
it could not be used in sealing food
cans because the lead, in contact with
! acids in fruits, produces salts that are
I noisonous. More recently, it is said
j jn Germany, with other metals not re
vealed. Popular Mechanics Magazine, j
War Emergency Courses at Hampton,
The war department has signed a
contract with Hampton institute for
the training in war emergency courses
of 245 colored soldiers. This training
will he In machine work, blacksmith
ing. horse shoeing, auto repairing,
! truck and auto driving, pipe fitting
wheel wrighting, carpentry and elects
,cal work. - -
the
KITCHEN
Give to your friends a cordial wel
come, instead of a variety of cakes
and pastry.
H is as much a duty we owe to the
world to be ornamental as to be use
ful. HOUSEKEEPING RUTS.
HE you in one? The
present necessity of
knowledge in prepar
ing foods little used
until recently is giving
naiiy housewives hard
jolts, for the ruts have
vorn rather deep. One
jjNatiocalWarGartfix Jji ' tne!
JtL 'CowwJ&io'" jfl O a
f these which is deep
g h to engulf
lany :m otherwise
successful
household Is monotony in
its menu making
The same old thin:.'
in the same old way is repeated until I
appetite and interest in food are gone.
The housekeeper who is mother,
cook, nurse, seamstress and general
manager has a man-sized job and only
when she treats it as a business and
brim
;s system into its management
does she make a success.
1 Try keeping a' tubulated list of
dishes liked by the family, adding to
( them in various ways to avoid repe
tition. I Take the common rice, for example.
Make a list of ten or more ways of j
I serving rice as a main dish, as a veg- 1
j etable, as a dessert or in combination
I with other foods. Prepare these dishes
in turn, and it will not be necessary
to inflict them oftener than once iu
five or six weeks. This plan can be
followed with all kinds of foods, adding
new dishes occasionally, as you surely
will when you have the inspiration of
such a chart before you. If this sys
tem has never been tried one can
hardly realize what a help lo make
things run smoothly well-organized
plans can be.
1 Meats are our expensive foods and
they may be pieced out with dum- ,
plings, vegetables and cereals to
the meat go farther and lessen the
' expense. '
The serving of chops, steaks and
quickly cooked meats is the habit of
the hand-to-mouth methods of many
unthinking housewives; if is both ex-
travagant and wasteful
Mutton With Carrots. Take a pound
of mutton from the shoulder, cut in
serving sized pieces, season well and
roll in flour, brown in a little hot fai
with a slice of onion, add a pint of
shredded carrots, water to not quite
cover and simmer for two hours on the
back part of the stove.
Try to be half as wise as that little
creature, the bee, who takes all the
honey she can find, and leaves all the
poisons.
Oh, if the berry that stains my l'ps
Could teach me the woodland chat.
Science would bow to my scholarship.
And theology doff the hat.
LEFTOVER FRUITS.
ITE fruit is so perish
able that It should
never be bought be
yond a day's supply.
An orange that shows
signs of softening
not fit for food. Such
fruit given to children
may cause illness.
For canning fruit
s,h o u 1 d always he
fresh and free from imperfections.
if a small dish of fniit is left, put
it through a sieve, thicken with corn
starch, and sweeten if necessary, add
ing a bit of butter and use as a pud
ding sauce.'
When there are three or four kinds
of fruit in small amounts use as a
garnish for a gelatin or jello puddintr.
By alternating the colors a verypreriv
dish will result.
Bits of fruit either fresh or canned
' if put through a sieve may then he
addd to Ice cream when partly frozen.
1 making a great improvement on the
: plain ice cream. A sauce can be made
i of the fruit with a few chopped nuts
; and poured over the ice crem when
I it is ready to serve.
' A small amount of fruit added to
:: i muffins or small cakes improves them.
! Do not let fruit spoil because there
ji j is not enough to go around. Two or
liif I three kinds combined are very accept
H j able as a salad or dessert.
Fruit Whip. Put a mixture of
crushed, sweetened fruit into lemon
ade glasses, fill up with whipped
cream, sweetened and flavored, and
serve with sponge cake for dessert.
Lemons may be prepared Into lemon
sirup and kept indefinitely, they are
always ready for a quick, cool drink.
Take one cupful of water, a third of
a cupful of lemon juice, and a half
cupful of sugar, boil for ten minutes,
bottle and set in the ie chest. Add
, a spoonful of sirup to a glassful of
j water and serve with 'e.
, when making lemonade save ihe
iemon cups tc use in various ways.
They make prety receptacles for hard
sauce, for cockt-iils. for tish or oyster
sauces, for salad or dessert cup; any
number of ways will be thought of to
use them.
Emergency Salad.. Tut a few bits
; of cheese, info neat "uhes rhop six or
eight olives. Break o few walnut
meats in pieces, add a few seeded an I
skinned grapes, n banana and an or-
j ange with a sour pickle all sliced thin
Mix all together and fill apple cups
or grape fruit shells or orange cup
with the mixture. -Serve on" paper'
doily covered plate.
CABINET
Afftatkma! ar Garfeiy).
0 V
ST
a
FEWER HOGS DIE OF biSEA
Annual Death Rate fur Year EnV
March, 1918, Reaches Lowest !
Mark in 35 Years,
(Prepared by the United States Depi
ment of Agriculture.) .
The death rate of swine- from I
diseases for tbe year ending Maij
1018, was 42.1 per 1,000, and is'j
lowest in 35 years, uncording toJij
ords kept during that period. E
unpreeedentedly) low rate of mortal
presents a great contrast with th
of earlier periods, particularly wj
the losses of 133.8 per 1,000 In li
144 per 1,000 in 1817, "and 118.9-1
1,000 in 1014, years marked by sevj
outbreaks of hog cholera. This Is '
a remarkable reduction from their
mal low rate of losses which has !
mained slightly above 50 per l;
when the disease was -least -prevalei
The approximate number of hogs
hand January 1, 1918, was 71,374,11 ,
The loss of 4LM per 1,(MHJ f or the yj
ending March, lins, therefore rer
serited approximately 3.000,000 of th
animals, equivalent to the consurapt
of pork and pork products by thttj
tire population of the United Sfcai
for 1917 for 25 days. J
These recent losses should be Ccj
pared with that of 7.000,000 hogs
1914, which curtailed production to
extent of the national consumption
that year for 37 days. j
The marked reduction in the lost
of swine in 1918 over precedf
periods, in view of the fact that 90
cent of these losses are due to X
cholera, indicates clearly the bem?
from the combined efforts of state &,
federal ncencies In protecting ij
farmers against the ravages of
exceedingly fatal disease. -i
GIVE YOUNG PIGS ATTENTIC
Care Given at Farrowing Time JH$
Important Bearing on Food Sup
ply of Nation.
(Prepared by the Un'ted States Depar
ment of Agriculture.) ' -f.
The farrowing house or pen shot
be comfortably warm, well ventilat '-T-',
and well lighted. Above fill else,
should be well bedded. Do not all
any circulation of air under the flojj "
Too many hog growers make the-mj . 1 -:ake
of bedding too lightly. Hen ci
bedd'.mr naturally makes the sow' coj " '
fortnhle and warm conditions necf ,
sary if ?he is to be quiet. Use whf-j-'
or rye straw. Wild hay is good, asi
millet. Do not use oat straw unle
there is absolutely nothing else i
hand. j
Do not confine the sow in her-f.
rowing pen more than 48 hours bef
farrowing time if it is possible to avc
doing so. Reduce the heavy f eed J
some extent, pronh'y about halfyf
that 'length of time. T
Under no circuintarices should: t
soy have any feed whatever for
hours after farrowing. She must, ho
ever, have plenty of water at freque
Intervals. This wafer must not be i
cold that drawn directly from ;t
well is about the right t.emperatui
Commence after 24 hours feeding llgl
Vy Increasing the feed gradually f,
probably a week or ten days, when s
may be gotten onto full feed, cotu
tioned on the size of the Utter and t,
milking qualities of the sow.
A good herdsman, for the first we
at least after farrowing, will look tl
pigs over carefully before each fee
Ing. If any indications of scours; a
pear, the sow's feed should be reduc
immediately or possibly cut out entli
Farrowing Pen With Fenders W.
Save Many Little Porkers From B
ing Crushed.
ly. A hertvy feed of rich slop giTij
when scours begin to show up posf
bly may kill the entire litter. A lltt
extra care for these few days Is abs
lutely necessary.
When the pigs are from four or fl
to ten days old, be on the lookout ft '
thumps. The .best-looking fat lltt
pig Is the one to go first every tlmt
An almost certain indication Is a lit
rojl of fat around the neck. WhI -there
Is no known cure for thump3, tl '
trouble is quite, easily prievente
Plenty of exercise for the plg is tl
answer. In cold, stormy weather ou
of-door exercise is impossible, but If
central farrowing house with, an allej
way, Is used, get the little fat fellow
Into the alley and put in about ten j
fifteen minutes three "or f ourjtlmes l"
day chasing them wl Or a Jbaiggwnli
until they are pretty well tlreJ put , J
this Is Impossible, try one or;! two c
the little pigs at a time in a large bai
rel or hogshead, placed by, theti arrow
ing pen The pigs will hear the 'of
sow making a fuss and in.nmnin;
around the barrel hunting for acorne
to climb out. ereneraltv xtn tot-A
ercse necessary to ward off thunips. 1
considerable part of the battle Jswol
tne litter gets past the firttn dky
uua gqoa start.,
r - J if
Best of Dairv Pw
White clover ts fclghly esteemed and
uuuMarme nest or dairy feed 4,
I
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