: ry&rrTTr Tiztgj or z&svrzz' ^ ii I. GREAT SALT LAKE AND ITS "LONGEST BRIDGE" - - - fJZA/a> P&JCAlM 1 WOULD HE KNOW IT? f If "Old Jim" Bridger came J I back to Great Salt Lake would i ? he recognize it as the body of j ? water he discovered in 1825? j . Juat let your imagination travel ? f up and down the century, dur- f I ing which the American has + ? made the Utah desert to blo*? j ? lom like the rose. Would he i f ? know it? Oj>wouln?, 145 miles wide, and 2,250 jmiles "round. It was i almost as larjp as l.ake Michigan, and much deeper. The first man who wrote about It ;ts Captain Bonneville, hero of one ? t Washington Irving's tales. In 1831 I'h s:tw the marks high on the cliffs tin* waves once dashed. So the i hiit once was has been named Uonneville. But no one ever sau it, for it was all in prehistoric rjVOr ran from ^ake pon. u?.\"|,. 1() ,j1o pU(.jf]c ocean. This ,'i"1 north through Ked Rock ,,l(' Snake river, and the an!! ,'. ,iV''r ru,,s lnto the Columbia. '** Columbia runs into the sea. ?'he plate where Salt Lake City now stands was then OOO feet under water. But by and by there was less rain. Lake Bonneville grew smaller and smaller until It was no larger than Lake Erie. No stream now ran from it, for its surface was lower than the pass % to the north. Now, if you pour water into a pan, and set it out Into the warm sunshine, by and by the water will be gone. It will have evaporated. But if there were ever so little salt In the water, the salt will still be in the pan after the water is gone. Thus it was with Lake Bonneville The rivers that ran into it had a little suit in them. So long as a river ran out of Lake Bonneville It' carried this salt away as fast as It came in. But when no river flowed from it, and the water went up In the air by evap oration, the salt remained. ? In time Lake Bonneville grew very salty. The seasons grew drier and drier until one hot summer day Lake Bonneville was no longer a lake of water, but just a lake of salt. No one knows how long Lake Bonneville was dry. Eventually. , however, an other change came. The seasons grew colder. The water did not evaporate so fast. Perhaps more rain fell and the rivers that ran into the saucer grew larger. At any rate, a new lake fame where the old one had been. It was not so large as Lake Bonneville. At present this lake Is very salty, and it Is called Great Salt lake. Great Salt lake covers 2,000 square miles, is 75 miles long, 31 miles wide and. in the deepest places, 30 feet deep. It ^ is the most salty sea on I earth except the Dead sea. In every 1 five pounds of water is one pound of salts, of which 13 ounces are com mon salt. Geologists have estimated that Great Salt lake is at least 23.000 years old. They calculate, more over. that there are 400,000,000 tons of salt in its waters. Every three years and a half the sun draws up from the lake as much water as is now in it. But tjie streams flowing into the lake keep it pretty well filled, just the same. The water in the lake is so heavy that One can not sink in it. There are no fish in Great Salt lake. A shrimp rarely ex ceeding one-third of an Inch in length lives there. Certain young Hies Live in the lake before they get their wings. Seagulls make their home along the shore, and thousands of pel llcans have their homes on the Islands of Great Salt lake. It Is said that no one knows where they came from. Fifty years ago and more, some very enterprising and able men said they would build a railroad across the coun try. They did so. They built the Union Pacific east from San Fran cisco. In 1808 they came to the fiat, broad bed of Lake Bonneville. But Great Suit lake lay in the center and The History of Jewels T\u? gaekwar of Baroda who has a line record ns an Indian ruler, and ftn upholder <>f Uritish rule, is one of the best authorities in India on oriental nems and stones of historic ? interest and beauty. He has for years been collecting material on which to base a book obout those treasures of the Orient, lie has now go to work on it, and as he is a practiced author he hopes to complete it within a reason able time. It will not only deal with j trophies which are of high material value, but it will Hrlng In many a tale of romance; for no Indian jewel of the first order is without Its story of ad venture.' A Man'i Woman. The Woman hadn't seen her since schoolhood days s^ent together. Rap idly they hurled questions at each other. The Woman heard she had married a splendid man and the Wom an rejoiced, for such a girl shook) barred the way. So ttyey built th? truck around the luke to the north. A, third of a century Inter there was much more business. Engines were Ave times as large. Freight cars would carry five times as much weight Between Ogden and Lucin was a tine, level roadbed made by Lake Bonne ville. Only Great Salt lake, 30 feet deep, lay in the way. And so every day trains were lifted in curves 1,500 feet higher and carried 34 miles far ther than would he necessary if a road were built straight across the lake. . So the Southern. Pacific railroad men looked at the old grade over the mountain and then at the level way across Great Salt lake and they said: "Let us build a cut-off, a straight, level line, over land, through water from Lucin to Ogden." They did so. And thus came Into being the longest bridge in the world. The aim of the chief engineer was to build a mile and a quarter of tres tle a week ? over a thousand feet for each working da}'. In June, 1902, trainloads of steel rails reached the lake. In July came the first piles. Many of the latter were so long that three cars had to be chained together as one to carry them. Three thousand men were-at work. In the cold of win ter and the heat of summer there was no stopping. Steadily the great path way grew. Each day the pile drivers made hundreds of yards. Each day the pit men loaded hundreds of cars of gravel ? sometimes 400 cars. It was an army at work in a salt desert. Sixteen .hundred and eighty tons of fresh water were used each | day. All of it was brought many miles by train ? some of it 80 miles, some 130 miles. More piles came. All told, 36,256 trees were cut down to make the great trestle. A forest of two square j miles was transplanted into Great Salt lake. Placed end to end these piles would make a great tree that, fallen, would reach from Chicago to Buffalo. On several occasions the piles were driven so fast that the trestle grew at the rate of 1,140 feet per day. Every 15- feet five piles are driven in a row crosswise to the track. They are fastened together on their sides with heavy timbers four and eight inches thick. Across their tops and joining them together is a heavy beam 18 feet long and a foot square. Con necting this beam with the next set of piles 15 feet away are 11 heavy timbers (stringers) laid lengthwise with the track. Above these string ers is a plank floor three inches thick. Above that is a coat of asphalt, then a foot or more of rock ballast, in which the track and rails are The floor of the trestle is 16 feet wide, and the lumber above the pil ing would make u boardwalk four feet wide and an inch thick from Boston to Buffalo. , ? have married happily. She. had al ways had so much attention; so many had craved the lifetime Job of making her happy. MAnd so you've two big boys now," the Woman repeated. "Yes," her friend replied, "and a baby, too." "The baby is a little girl, I sup pose," the Woman said. "Oh, no!" answered her friend, "the baby is a boy, too. You know, I al ways was u man's woman!" ? Chicago Journal. The Kitchen Cabinet II 1 1 v " (?. 1923, Western Newspaper Union.) It never troubles the sun that some of his rays fall wide and vain Into ungrateful space, and only a small part on-the reflict^d planet Thou art enlarged by thine own smiling.? Emer son. . * GOODIES THAT WILL KEEP i Stuffed dates, figs and prunes are always a dainty enjoyed be young i^nd old. Ginger Dates.? Remove the stones from large dates and fill with equal quantities of chopped ginger and nuts, (using the preserved ginger and moisten with c little of the ginger sirup. After filling the dates, roll them in granulated sugar and pacK Id boxes, covering with waxed paper. f^rult Rocks. ? Cream two-thirds of j cupful of butter with one cupful of sugar, add two beaten eggs and when well mixed add one and one-half cup ful of flour which has been sifted with one teaspoonful each of cinna mon and cloyes. Add one pound of walnuts, one pound euch of raisins and dates. When all are well mixed add a teaspoonful of soda dissolved In one and one-half tablespoonfuls of hot water. Stir well and drop on buttered tins by half teaspoonfuls. Bake in a moderate oven. 1 Tutti-Frutti Candy. ? Dissolve one half pound of granulate sugar In three-fourths of a cupful of water, bring to the boiling point and boll to the soft-ball stage. Chop one-fourth pound of crystallized fruit and add with one teaspooirful of vanilla. Beat until creamy, p?ur Into a buttered tin and when cool cut into squares. Cinnamon Cakes. ? Take one-half cupful of butter; work until creamy; add one-half pound of sugar and gradually three" beaten eggs. Add flour to make a mixture to roll, add cinnamon until brown and work it Into the dough. Let stand In a cool place over night. Roll out In the morning as thin as possible, cut into shapes and brush with the yolk