Courtyard Moroccan Inn.
(Prepared by the National CJeographie So
ciety, AVashJncrioa. I>. C.)
Morocco, one of the latest of terri
tories to_bo added to the vast French
colonial system, and the region out
side Europe to which France is now
perhaps devoting greatest attention,
constitutes one of the world's queer
est mixtures of the ancient and the
modern, the Fast and the West. But
as yet the things of the modern world
ate chiefly physical and superficial.
In distance Morocco is ns close to
Western Europe as any Mohammedan
country, and is alone among important
Moslem communities in touching the
Atlantic, the great ocean highway
which has spread the ideas of the
West. But in customs and institutions
Morocco is more Eastern th;m Turkey
or Egypt, and as Moslem us the Hed
Jaz.
Fp to ten years ago when France
assumed her protectorate Morocco was
less affected by modern ideas and in
fluences than any other civilized coun
try in the world; it was to the West
In 11112 what Japan was in 181)0; a
hermit land living according to its
own traditions and rigidly excluding
both the people and the ideas of the
rest of the world.
The ten years of French control
have brought marked external
changes, chief of which are the exten
sion of means of transportation and
communication. Before the French
came there were no roads. Not a
wheeled vehicle existed in the country
outside a few coast cities. Now there
Is a network of wonderful highways
rl\aling those in France itself, and
over them automobiles rush hearing
ineu and mail" and freight. Railroads,
too, have been built, but the rail sys
tem is still in its infancy and is not
marked for its efficiency. Wireless
/ *
towers ha\T been erected and air
f planes now carry French officials be
tween the cities of the country.
To much of Morocco's extensive j
territory?it is close to Texas in size?
Ttie French have brought order and a
better government than it has ever
had before. But to a great extent It
has been necessary to leave local and
regional authority in the hand$ of na
tive administrators. Affairs are not
conducted, of course, according to
European or American standards. Life
Is cheap to 'the Moroccan. Turbulence
has always been the rule. As in
medieval Europe it is still necessary
to lock the gates of the cities at night
?T>d the Westerner who ventures
abroad after nightfall does so at his
peril. In some of the more remote
tiAvtjfi foreign visitors are even locked
In block-houses at night "for safe
keeping."
The Troublesome Rif.
The region close*to the Spanish zone
in the north has given the French
great trouble. The Spanish have
never really controlled an appreciable
Hart of this theoretical spheme of their
Influence?the RIf. It lists been in
fested by bandits, and to it have re
paired the tribesmen unfriendly to
bTance. It has been impossible to
maintain railroads in French Morocco
near this boundary. Bands of mal
contents have made night sonties from
the Rif, tearing up the ijalls and de
stroying bridges.
I'atil the French took control
<Christians had been rigidly excluded
from Morocco since the Fifteenth cen
tury. Jews had been admitted all
along, but they were compelled to live
In separate quarters, and though not
the objects of hatred and contempt to
such an extent as were Christians,
they were looked down upon by fol
lowers of the Prophet. In Fez, the
Inland capital, is a mosque looked up
on by Moroccans as more sacred than
any shrine outside Mecca. Even after
the French protectorate was set up
Christians were not supposed to go
within two blocks of this sacred edi
fice. In late years this rigorous rule
has been changed and Christians may
now pass in the street beside the
mosque, but they are still supposed
not to look at it.
The western traveler to this coun
Ty, which only yesterday was "for
bidden land" to the Christian, runs
m-ross amazing incongruities. Brass
to toads and grandfather clocks are
-^'i uj, against walls of exquisite mo
!/"1' "id intricate arabesque patterns.
rubs pitch their tents at the foot of
t-'c.it wireless stations. Veiled women
* ih?* harem ride through new-made
J!'";ls in automobiles. The streets
<-lnare in(hcative of rapid
t"r a few years ago no road?
u 'n u and even yet some of
v ""-'aghfarea are so narrow that
not even an animal, much loss a vehi
cle. could squeeze through them.
If one looks down upon Fez from
an airplane, as flyers now do, it would
seem to be a streetless city. Many
of the narrow aisle-like streets are
latticed over to protect the hooded,
ghost-like pedestrians from the sun.
Others burrow under great estates b>
tunnels, as does the famous Cliff
Walk at Newport under several of the
gardens of summer homes there.
Funerals Are Gay Sight.
Perhaps the gayest siglu of a Mo
roccan city is tt funeral. The wife
who has been cloistered in life is paid
every Honor in death. She is borne
cloft in a great curved box of toany
colors, and behind her sing chora
societies organized to follow funerals.
A mere man is swathed In cloth and
bound to a board. He has no box.
The more pretentious homes of tez
ore built around a courtyard, with
tiny rooms opening out upon the
court, resembling the setting of a
room in some little theater. The
guest in a Moroccan home passes
through the court with its inevitable
fountain, lays off his shoes before the
dining room compartment, as be would
upon entering a Chinese temple, and
sits down upon a cushion opposite his
host. The host would commit a se
rious breach of etiquette if he touched
any food before the guest had finished
his meal. After the guest has con
cluded the host partakes of a leisurely
repast, and not until he is through Is
the food he leaves sent to the wives,
concealed, but audible, on the upper
floor.
The Moroccan wife has somewhat
less freedom of movement than un
American domestic. Friday afternoon
Is the "wives' day out" hut they ma>
only go to the cemetery then, from
which men are excluded for the after
noon. The cemetery Is not at all
grues&me, to the Moroccan waj of
thinking. Markets are held there, and
In various ways the cities of the dead
do duty for public parks.
Water wheels are as numerous In
Fez as windmills In Holland. The city
Is netted with tiny streams so that It
is almost literally trne that every
house has a waterway beneath It. Is
lam contributes to this abundant
water supply for the Mohammedan
must wash before toe enters a mosque
to pray. And he -prays, though not
always In a mosque, five times a day.
Fez touches the average American
?In a very literal sense?by virtue of
hLs pocketbqok. in Fez Moroccan
leather is cured. One of the most In
teresting industrial sights of the city
Is the hollowed out rocks, resembling
the cross section of a honeycomb, i?
which leather is dipped In a solution
of lime by natives who, strangely
enough, stand in the mixture up to
their waists without injury to their
fins.
Travelers it) French Morocco pay
[>eclal tribute to the efficiency of
renclm administration there. In south
rn Morocco lived Glacul who, next to
l&isuli, was the most daring of M?
occan bandits. He was made ad
ministrator of the region he formerly
ud plundered', and, visitors say, there
s not a kindlier, more courteous, and
aore agreeable gentleman in those
arts. Nor has there been any trouble
irith banditry simee he became an
fficial.
Country Has Four Capitals.
Theoretically Morocco has four capl
als?Fez, Tafileit, Marakesh and Ua
,at But the chief French officials re
ide at Kabat on the Atlantic coast
nd like MacGregor's seat at the table,
hat is the real head. The sultan still
,maintains his palace in the three other
lties and visits them from time to
line. j .. .
perhaps the most interesting city in
iloroooo next to Fez, te Marrakesh,
he ?id southern eapital. There the
ountrv is drier and hotter and eamels
,re ,h'e characteristic beasts of bur
ien and draft as tiny donkeys are in
he north. Both the buildings and
vails of Marrakesh are of red mud.
irhleh gives the city an aspect in
striking contrast to the brilliant wldte
dtv of Fez. These mud walls are 8W
??ears old, hut due to the dryness of the
d Inmate are well preseiwed.
Marrakesh is a contrast to Fes a so
in that It is a roomy city. Ms walls
acre built to enclose a city of a m
Hon inhabitants, but have never shel
tered more than a quarter of that
number. And today the city's popula
tion is only about 180,000 As a re-,
suit there is much unused land w thin
the walls, much of which la used fo?
FUN IKES
INTO suns REGION
FRENCH TO SEIZE BOCHUM UN
LESS GERMANS STOP POLICY
OF INTERFERENCE.
FRENCH-WILL PHY MINERS
Berlin is No Longer Sending Paper
Money .Into the Ruhr Occu
pied Area.
Dusseldorf?Bochum, the great cen
ter of the Stinnes industries, will be
occupied in a few days, hence, the
French have decided, unless the Ger
man government undergoes a change
of heart and abandons its policy of
interference and opposition, which the
French consider it has been follow
ing for the past wjeek. The French
authorities do not announce the date
of the advance, but make no secret of
the fact that they have decided to ex
tend the occupation further eastward
to coerce Germany into paying the
Ruhr industries for the coal repara
tions. deliveries and as penalties for
which they term the wilful failure of
Berlin to fulfill its undertakings.
Concerning coal deliveries, which
the Ruhr industrials have agreed to
resume, France undertakes to pay the
cost of labor and the salaries of #the
employes and miners; only the owners
must look to Berlin for other than
overhead exposure's and the items
which make up the price of coal deliv
ered f. o. b at the French frontier.
The French are prepared to assist
the owndrs in collecting from Berlin
to the extent of occupation of the
Bochum region and also further terri
tory eastward later, should Germany
fail to come to terms. They will pay
the miners' salaries from the proceeds
of the tax on coal, formerly assessed
by the Reich government, which the
French have decided to collect for
themselves. They will levy a tax on
every ton of coal shipped from the
Ruhr into Germany, Bavaria and neu
tral countries. The percentage rep
resenting the tax has not been fixed.
No tax will be assessed on coal ship
ped to the allied countries.
The occupation or Bochum also in
tended as a penalty for what the
French consider the wilful depletion
bv the Germans of food stocks, es
pecially cereals, always kept in the
Ruhr for feeding the industrial popu
lation, which the french assert they
have found at such low ebb that ar
rangements must be made immediately
to inyport wheat and other foodstuffs
into ihis area.
Above all the French are desirous of
warding ofT unemployment and famine
?if such condition arose they would
be certain to cause much trouble.
The problem of currency is giving
the French much concern, as Berlin
is no longer sending paper marks into
the Ruhr occupied area, and the pres
ent supply will become inadequate
very soon. Experts are studying a
plan whereby special Ruhr paper
wwtes, guaranteed by the mineR, plants
and other real estate security in the
Ruhr valley, would be issued and ac
cepted as currency in the Ruhr alone.
The Krupp and Thyssen works with
drew from the Essen banks two bil
lion marks for theiT payrolls; they
were informed that the banks would
be unable to snpply them similarly
next week, thus forcing the French to
resort to the issuance of special cur
rency.
rench Soldiers Greeted With "Stones.
Essen.?It is reported that French
)ldiers arriving at the small town of
uer were greeted with a shower of
ones, but nobody was btrrt. When
te French general arrived he an
Dtmced that the German police super
tendent would be punished.
A decree issued Snnday exempts
le FTench troops from the luxury tax
nd orders notification of all meetings
iree days before due, with tne names
! the organizers and probable at
sndants; forbids strikes and also pro
jssions and all persons from wear
ig uniforms .compels the posting of
rice lists in German currency in all
lops and restricts German soldiers
om entering the occupied ^territory
rom territory not occupied.
Imports Show Steady Gain.
Washington.?American imports in
ctober continued the healthy growth
rey commenced last summer, touch
ig the highest fiugre reached since
ovember, 1920, the Department of
ommerce announced.
Imports for the month totalled
)0,(HK) compared with $188,000.00? :n
le same month last year and $1333,
30,000 in October^ 1923. the last r'8
ar y?ar.
$300,000,000 Notes Oversubscribe.
Washington. ? The recent treasury
ffering of $300,000,000 in four and a
alf per cent treasury notes, matur
ig December 15, 1927, has been over
ubscribed by about' $200,000,000. ac
ording to an announcement by Sec
tary Mellon. While detailed fig
res were not yet in the hands of the
-easury officials, It was declared that
idications warranted the statement
hat subscriptions were general and
ie results of the offering "entirely
atisfactorv."
CONDENSED NEWS FROM
THE OLD NORTH STATE
short notes of INTEREST to
CAROLINIANS.
NeW: Bern.?^-With the installation of
a small municipal electric power plant
by a local firm, the progressive little
town of Vanceboro, IS miles from here
on the Washington road, will . soon
have, electric lights.
Durham.?In an efTort to fight' the
"high cost of the moves" Durham al
dermen have decided definitely to
spend several thousand dollars to
equip the local acvademy of music so
that it can be operated as a municipal
picture theatre.
Davidson.?The Phi Alpha chapter
of the Beta Theta Pi. winner of the,
Bel kfraternity cup, given by W. H.
Belk, of Charlotte, in 1911, to the fra
ternity at Davidson collefe winning the
cup the most number of times in the
past ten years.
Rutherfordton.?Rutherfordton post
office will go from a third to a second
^lafes office July 1. The gross receipts
for 1922 were $8,296.72 while they were
$7,627.28 in 1921, a gain of $669.24 over
the former year. This will mean more
clerical work, which is badly needed.
Raleigh?A correspondence course
in "Family Problems" will be ready
for distribution February 1 by the ex
tension department of the University
of North Carolina, according to' an an
nouncement by officials of the state
department of public welfare.
Lumberton.?The semi-annual meet
ing of the North Carolina Negro's Con
gress will take place at the courthouse
here on Janu^*y 23 and 24. At the
meeting will fie discussed the cam
paign against the boll weevil, and its
application to farmers of the tobacco
district.
Goldsboro.?A delegation of farmers
of Wayne and surrounding counties
will leave here on January 15 for Burke
county, Georgia, where an investiga
tion of the method used on a large
cotton farm there in conquering the
boll weevil will be made, according
to an announcement at headquarters
of the eastern North Carolina cham
ber of commerce.
Asheville.?Following daring at
tempts to escape from the Swain
county pail, George Jackson, a Chero
kee Indian, held fpr alleged murder of
George Dumas, a negro, has been
brought to the Buncombe county jail
here for same keeping. Jackson is
charged with having stalked the negro
on the streets of Bryson City and fa
tally wounding him with a pistol shot
in the back.
Wadesboro.?Ex-Jduge Walter E.
Brock has gone to Winston-Salem
where he will shortly begin the prac
tice of law. Judge Brock practiced
law here for many years, later be
coming solicitor of the thirteenth dis
trict, which position he served with
much ability. .
Asheville?Decision to keep the
schools of AsheviUe and Buncombe
county closed for another week was
reached by the city and county healtn
officers and school boards on account
of the continued prevalence of in
fluenza.
Charlotte.?General T. F. Davidson,
prominent attorney of Asheville, nna
been named as a member of the execu
tive committee of the North Carolina
Game and Fish Development League,
it was announced here by Bailey T.
Oroome, secretary of the league.
Albemarle?Suit for the recovery
of $44,202.50 has been instituted
against the board of county commis
sioners of Stanly connty by S. ,H
Hearne, the snm being the alleged bal
ance due on a note which Mr. Henrne
holds against the couaty.
Rosemary.?Fire of unknown origin
destroyed the furniture departmen* Oi
the L. G. Shell Company, Incorporated,
probably the largest department store
in Halifax county, here. The entire
stock of furniture Is a complete loss.
Lumberton.?There weTe a total of
239 marriage licenses sold in Robeson
county during the year 1932. Th s
showed a falling off of around 50 per
rent from previous ^years. Cupid i?
optimistic, however, and expects to
see matrimony pick up in this county
during the year 1923.
Sanford?Tom Cole, 23, and Henry
Lamb. 35, employes at the Green Top
filling station In this city, narrowly
escaped death when an outfit for dis
tilling water, which they were operat
ing, exploded. They were badly
burned 'about the face and body,
it is thought that they have a chance
of recovery.
Goldsboro?Directors and officers
of the Eastern Carolina Federation of
Co-operative Potato Growers, in
sion, closed a contract with the re
erated Fruit Growers* Exchange to
sell all the potatoes they now have
stored on a flat basis of so much per
cai. There are now stored and cur<?d
in the potato warehouse of eastern
North Carolina 100.000 bushels of po
lat0eS- 1 ?
? Greensboro?Virginia Dare, tue
three-year-old daughter of Mr. an
Mrs. Herbert Bridges, of the White
Oak mill community here, died from.
burn3 received while the child was
alone in the house, by an open fire
place, with a smaller child.
Lilllngton.?Failing to hear the
warning cries of other members of
the train crew.'W. W. Durham, Ra
leigh brakeman In the employ of the
Norfolk Southern railroad, was struck
In the back by two rollng freight cars
here and was fatally injured. The ao
rldent took place just after a flyin*
switch had been made.
HOW=
VARIOUS FOODS AFFECT
HEART OF HEALTHY MAN.
?Dr. M* Heitler, a German phy
sician, has conducted a series of
investigations to determine the
effects of various foods, bev
erages, condiments and spices,
as well as the effect of cooking,
chewing and digestion upon the
pulse and cardiac (heart) activ
ity, and found that all the foods,
accessory foods and spices, with
the exception of very acid sub
stances, coffee, tea and cocoa,
had a stimulating effect on the
heart. Water inhibits the de
pressive effect of stimulants
from heating.
The depressive substances be
come stimulants by their mix
ture with stimulants (in which
sugar plays an important part),
or their action is diminished.
The depressive substances be
come stimulating after they are
heated and water increases the
stimulating effect. If the sub
stance tested is applied to the
palate the effect is greater than
when applied to the mucosa (lin
ing) of the cheek. ,
Different portion* of the same
vegetables have different effects.
Acids applied to the, tongue
cause depression of the pulse;
applied to the mucosa of the
cheek and palate, they cause an
increase of the pulse, but ap
plied to the whole oral (mouth)
cavity, there is depression of the
pulse. Spices, with the excep
tion of, onion and garlic, are
stimulating when applied to the
tongue, and^mucosd of the cheek
and palate; onion and garLic are
stimulating whe;1 applied to the
tongue, depressive when applied
to the cheek and palate, and
stimulating when applied to the
whole oral cavity.
UNDERGO CHANGES OF COLOR
Hsw Nature Has Devised Scheme of
Protection for Some Smaller
^ Species of Fish.
That fish are enabled to change
their color in the same manner as
some animals has been proven by
some experiments. For the purpose
the common killiftsh or salt water min
nows' were made use of. These are
ordinarily of a jight-grny color, but
lacfd in a
upon being placed in a dish with a
dark lining they became almost
dack. Without making any ehangea
in the character of the illumination
of the room, the fish were placed in
a white porcelain dish and they im
mediately took on a much lighter
shade. That the color was under the
control of the fish was demonstrated
by severing the spinal cord of one of
them which thad already undergone
the change noted above in the nor
mal' manner, whereupon the posterior
part remained dark while the front
part underwent the anticipated
change. The light affecting the
fish's eyes was found to be responsible
for the changes of color, as these did
not occur after cutting the optic nerves
of fishes whose changes had been
normal.
How Machine Fulls Flax.
; One of the most costly and tedious
>f the processes In connection with
he manufacture of linen is the puli
ng of the flax, whDh hitherto has
lad to be done by hand. New at
empts are now being made In Eu
ope to do this raechj nically and sev
eral tests recently ha^e been made of
Afferent flax-pulling machine?. The
nost successful seem*; to be one that
s now running in Ireland. This ma
bine, like others tried in England,
rrance, Russia and Canada, funda
uentally consists of a comblike ar
rangement that grasps the flax stems
tnd by the resistance of the seed cap
lules of the fiber pluehs them from the
ground. After being pulled, the flax
s thrown onto a bin?ler arrangement
ilmilar to that used la grain harvest
ers. It is then bound and shocked,
ilso like sheaves of grain.?Popular
Mechanics Magazine.
How Phonograph Is Improved.
By controlling tlie speed of a re
volving phonograph record, an Eng
lish inventor gets twenty minutes of
music on one side of a twelve-inch
record, instead of the usual four min
utes or thereabouts, according to
Popular Mechanics Magazine. When
the record disk revolves at a uniform
angular speed, as at present, the outer
groove of the record moves more !
swiftly than any other groove that is
nearer to the center. Thus, although
the outer groove is about four times
as long as the inner one, it can con
tain no more music, making necessary
a variation in the recording speed. In,
the new method, the recording speed
is made constant, and by correspond
ingly controlling the sreed of the rec
ord, the impression upon it of a^very
much greater number of sound
tlons is made possible.*
H.ow Receptacles Affect Food.
Porcelain and glass food receptacles
are stimulating, also those of silver,
gold, iron and nickel; lead, copper aed
German silver are depressive, but
wood is indifferent. The entrance of
the substance into the stomach causes
similar changes in the pulse as their
application to the tongue or mouth re
spectively, but the change In the pulse
is greater and of short duration. The
diminution of the pulse Is associated
with lowered blood pressure.
MARY GRAHAM BONMER.
gMign it vtm** htvymt union
STAR-NOSED MOLE
"Such a strange little creature as I
am," said the Star-Nosed Mole to Bil
Iie Brownie, who had come to call.
"I have curious ways and I am dif
ferent from others. I don't like to be
the same as others, do you, Billie
Brownie?"
"Oh, dear no," said Billie Brownie.
"If I were the same as every one else
I am sure I would get quite mixed up
and confused so that I would not
know if I 'were myself or not.
"Yes, I am sure that that would hap
pen. I would be wondering whether
I were Billie Brownie or the neighbor
ing Brownie!'
"And if all other creatures were
alike?what a very dull world it would
be.
"Now, hoys and girls and ladies and
gentlemen are very nice, very nice In
deed," continued Billte Brownie. "But
if all the world were made up of boys
and girls .and ladies and gentlemen I
wouldn't find it so interesting as I do
now.
"I would feel very badly if there
were no horses and dogs and cows and
chickens, lions and tjgers, elephants
and birds, and the Star-Nosed Mole
and his family!"
The Star-Nosed Mole wiggled his
nose and chuckled.
"How polite you are, Billie Brownie,
to put me into that list too.
"But I agree with you. It would not
be a nice world if all creatures were
alike.
"Now. I like Star-Nosed Moles. I
think they're pleasant. 1 like my own
"I Have Little Feelers."
relatives and my own family. I ve
nothing against them.
"But it would be horrible if all the
world were made up of Star-Nosed
Moles?perfectly horrible.
"I don't suppose there would he any
Star-Nosed Moles after K time if there
were only Star-Nosed Moles in .the
first place."
"That is a very strange thing to
say," said Billie Brownie. "And I am
sure I do not understand it at all. I
would be ever so grateful to you. Star
Nosed Mole, if you would explain.
"Won't you, please? I beg of you
to explain."
"I'll explain," said the Star-Nosed
Mole. "You needn't beg It of me. I
will do it willingly, even eagerly, even
anxiously, even gladly!
"You see." the Star-Nosed Mole con
tinued. "I have the same ways as other
Star-Nosed Moles. We are very strong.
But in order to keep that strength we
must eat. And we must eat a great
deal.
"We would actually starve if we
didn't eat every few hours. We must
eat most of the time. That isn't he
cause we are so greedy.* It is our way.
"We have to do this to keep our
strength.
"As I said it would be awful if all
the world were made up of Star-Nosed
Moles?and you want me to explain
what I meant when I said there would
be no Star-Nosed Moles after a time If
such a thing happened.
"For we must eat insects, plenty of
Insects. So you see there must he in
sects in the world If there are to be
Star-Nosed Moles!"
"Now I understand,"- said Billie
Brownie. "I'm glad I came to call on
you. You're a most lively and inter
esting little creature."
"Thanks, thanks," said the Star
Nosed Mole. "And I suppose you'd
like to know about my name?"
Billie Brownie nodded his head.
"I have little feelers on the end of
my nose which some folks think make
me look as though my nose were star
shaped. I love my name,* don't you
Billie Brownie?"
"Indeed I do," said Billie Brownie.
"But please?when you go back and
tell my story to others?please men
tion that I do not, destroy the vege
table roots that I am accused of de
stroying. That Is the work of the field
mice who use my runways under the
ground.
"I don't sleep all winter like some
creatures. I stay awake, and enjoy
the meals I have under the surface of
the earth. I stay awake and eat," he
chuckled.
A Hint to the Hens.
Abbie, the little girl of the family,
was seated at the breakfast table one
morning. As usual eggs xvere served.
Either she was not hungry or she
had grown tired of the bill of fare, for
very earnestly and soberly she re
marked:
"I do wish hens would lay some
thing besides eggs."?The Progressiva