Newspapers / Polk County News and … / Feb. 12, 1925, edition 1 / Page 16
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V 1 US gARZir 4 Bv JOHN DICKINSON SHERMAN ? ^ A"SHINGTONIANA of 1925 Includes these facts: I Plans for the celebration In 1932 ^Fwr I of the two-hundredth anniversary of I ? ? I the birth of George Washington are taking shape under the direction of the Sulgrave Institution, with head quarters in New York. The Colonial Daiues of America have raised a fund of $100,000 for the endowment of Sulgrave Manor, the ancestral home of the Washlngtons In Eng land, given to the United States by the English people. Mrs. Victoria Woodhull Martin of Norton Park, Worcestershire, England, has given an ancient English manor house to be used as a hotel for American visitors to Sulgrave Manor; she Is the Mrs. Victoria Wood hull who ran for President in the Grant-Greeley campaign of 1872 and ia the wealthy widow, now eighty-seven, of John BIdulph Martin, an English banker. The American Bar association visited Sulgrave Manor last summer as the guest of the Sulgrave Institution of Great Britain and deposit ed In the museum a number of historical relics of Importance. President Coolldge recalled to the recollection of his countrymen an almost forgot ten spot which should be a Washington shrine by paying an unadvertised visit last summer to the birthplace of the "Father of Ills Country." George Washington was born February 11, 1732, on Pope's Creek Farm, Westmoreland county, Vir ginia. The place is on the west bank of the Po tomac river, 97 miles from Washington by auto mobile and about 75 by boat. Alongside the road Is a small tablet with the Inscription, "This Is Wakefield." George Washington, however, never knew the place as "Wakefield." That name was given the farm by William Augustine Washington, his nephew. The visitor turns In on a well-kept road con structed by the federal government. After a mile or two he comes out Into a little clearing on a knoll among the pines. At the center of the knoll, inside a high iron fence rises a granite shaft bearing the Inscription, "George Washington's Birthplace." There is no date. This monument Is 35 feet high, of the same pattern as the Wash ington monument at the capital and was erected b> the federal government In 1896. At the same time the federal government constructed an iron boat landing on Bridge's creek, a mile away, and so restricted Its use that boats refused to land; it Is now In ruins. Pope's creek winds about the edge of the clear ing and gives Its name to the approximately thousand acres comprising what always has been known as the Washington farm. Pope's creek took It* name from Col. Nathaniel Pope, from whom John Washington, the Immigrant, bought this farm about 1652 and whose daughter, Anne Pope, he married. It is now a prosperous farm In the pos session of the Latane brothers (pronounced Lat-a ney), who apparently have come to It through In heritance. The house In which Washington was born was burned so long ago that the date has been forgot ten. In 1813 George Washington Parke Custls marked the spot with a big boulder of Potomac bluestone. Visitors chipped much of the stone away and during the C1V11 War the last fragment of It was carried off. This stone was inscribed with the date of Washington's birth and the names of his parents. John Washington of Northamptonshire, Eng land, came to the "northern neck" of Virginia as this region is known, In 1657 and bought his farm of Colonel Pope. He left it to his son Lawrence "Captain" Lawrence Washington? and he to his son, Augustine, the father of George Washington. Augustine was born on the old home place In J694, and in 1715 took as his wife Jane Butler, a Jnughter of Caleb Butler, a neighbor. From this ufcion sprang four children but only two, Augus ts and Lawrence, outlived childhood. On the ? deftth of Jane Butler-Washington In 1729 the widower married Mary Ball of Lancaster county. 'The Ball homestead, called Epplng Forest, is still ! standing. The children resulting from this mar riage were: George, Samuel, John Augustine, ?Charts, Elizabeth and Mildred. The last named died infancy. When Augustine, the father of ?Georg* died in 1743, he left the home place' on Pope'* ^reek to his son Augustine. To his sec ond sett Lawrence he bequeathed Mount Vernon. He bequeathed to George, when he should come ?qt age, the farm on the Rappahannock opposite Fredericksburg. ? # The farm on which George Washington was born passed on the death of George's brother Augustine, to the latter's son, William Augustine Washington, and next to his son, George Corbin &ZAST. XfVZlAVXD Washington. It then pussed out of the Washing ton family. In 1846 the Washington farm was bought by' John F. Wilson of Anne Arundel coun ty, Maryland, who gave the farm to his son, John E. Wilson, who had married' Betty Washington, granddaughter of William Augustine Washington. In this way the birthplace of George Washington came back to the Washington blood. Among the children of Mrs. Betty Washington- Wilson was Latane Wilson. In 1735, when George was three years old, his father removed to the so-called Ferry farm in Stafford county, across the Rappahannock river from Fredericksburg ? perhaps It was the burning of the "Wakefield" house that caused the removal. George Washington lived as boy and man on the Stafford county place until he took over Mount Vernon, which had been bequeathed him by his balf-brother, Lawrence. How does It come that February 22 Is now cele brated as Washington's birthday? In this way: In 1582 Ugo Buoncompagno, known to fame as Pope Gregory XIII, took the Julian calendar In hand for doctoring. Caesar's calendar was then ten days behind the sun. Part of the world adopt ed the Gregorian calendar and the rest stuck to the Julian calendar. It was not until 1752 that Britain made the change. The English Colpnies In America of course followed suit. George Washington was then twenty years of age and already a prominent figure. He had been commanded by Governor Dinwiddle of Virginia to go to the Ohio valley and order the French pi oneers to leave. Being young, George quite nat urally wanted to be older and promptly added 11 days to his age, fixing his birthday as February 22. The British parliament later passed an act prescribing that all births and deaths prior to Sep tember 2, 1752, should be dated according to the Julian calendar. Nevertheless, George Washing ton's birthday Is February 22. George gave evi dence early In life of .being a real "go-getter." The celebrations of Washington's birthday be gan immediately after the Revolution. The first celebration appears to have been In the form of a ball given by his neighbors and friends at Alex andria, a few miles from Mount Vernon. The principal cities of the Colonies quickly established similar social gatherings. This birthday ball was always held at the seat of government while Washington was President and he and his wife attended. February 22 was also a gala night at the theaters. Apparently Walhlngton's sixty-fifth birthday, February 22, 1797, was the first to be publicly cele brated on * large scale with day-time ceremonies. It was so celebrated at Philadelphia with much ceremony. The ships In the harbor were decorat ed. The church bells rang peals every half hour. (The diplomatic corps, members of congress and citizens called at his house to offer congratula tions. In the evening a ball was given In bis honor In the amphitheater. The building was floored for dancing and gaily decorated. The President and his wife, upon entering, were conducted to an ele vated platform, on which was a sofa and a can opy. There were at least 500 ladies present and a larger number of gentlemen. The President did not use the sofa much, but moved about, convers ing with the company. "The President and Mrs. Washington," wrote an eye-witness, "were In very good Bplrlts and, I am persuaded, have not spent so agreeable an evening for a long time. Every countenance bespoke pleasure and approbation; even Democrats forgot for a moment their en mity, and seemed to Join heartily In the festivity." No wonder the Washlngtons were "In good spir its." Washington's second term as President was almost at an end and they were looking forward to a resumption of their old happy life at their beloved Mtmnt Vernoh. "far from the madding crowd" and free from the cares of, state. Wash ington, of course, could have had a third term for the asking. Every statesman In Europe ex K&SjzHVGTOTT %>6u9j-6 Tbr6rai6 Jrt friak Co/Iectkxrx, gency found him. Any man who successfu y rled a fight to the American Indian In his o wilds had to know his business. So Washlngto would be as amused as astonished at the boa oa here pictured. However, It Is an Improvemen the famous painting In the Boston museum y Thomas Sully (1783-1872), which It much re sembles. While the picture may be laughed at, the cross ing Itself on that Christmas night of 1776 must be reckoned as a vital factor In the outcome of the Revolution. Before that crossing the cause of the Colonists seemed hopeless. Washington was their one hope. And Cornwallls had Just chased Washington clear across New Jersey and driven him to the Pennsylvania side of the Delaware, leaving Rail with 1,650 Hessians at Trenton to gobble him up as soon as the river should freeze over or boats be secured. Congress was Ineffi cient. Jealousies had created dissensions among j the officers. The Colonial forces were melting away by desertion. No lew than 2,700 of the New Jersey people had turned Tories to save their necks and estates and had applied to Rail for "protection papers." 'Cornwallls was so sure of immediate victory that he had arranged for pass age home that he might carry the news in per son. In Trenton the Hessian hirelings were cele brating by a glorious drunk. So It was that fate ful Christmas night. rw , Behold the transformation by noon of the next day? Washington in possession of Trenton; Rail and his surv iving Hessians prisoners I And when Washington marched his captured Hessians through the streets of Philadelphia all the world marveled at the "Fablus of America" and the Colonies passed from despair to Jubilation. President Washington was inaugurated April 30, 1780, in "Federal hall," Wall street, New York. December 6, 1790, the seat of government was moved to Philadelphia. During the next ten years Washington came Into being as the federal capi tal and In October of 1800 John Marshall, secre tary of state, Oliver Wolcott, secretary of the treasury, Samuel Dexter, secretary of war and Benjamin Stoddert, secretary of the navy ? brave in cocked hats, powdered wigs, broadcloth coats and small-clothes ? arrived and took possession of the little brick offices clustered about the White Houfee. President John Adams and his family arrived in November. Thereupon the Sixth con gress assembled in the one little wing of the Capi tol that was ready for it. The government of the United States of Ameri ca was at home in Its own capital at last. Never theless, the new capital was a good deal of a Joke. New York, Philadelphia and other cities called It the "national bantling, a rlcketty Infant unable to go alone." That there was anything at all re sembling a capital was largely due to the activi ties of President Washington, to whom congress had delegated the task of selecting and develop ing the site. The act of 1790 was passed when the n?rw nation's treasury was empty and It had , no credit; therefore there was no appropriation. A list of the "counterfeit presentments" of George Washington ? portraits, replicas, copies, statues, busts, medallions, etc.? would fill several of these columns. Every now and then a new one? or one stored away and forgotten ? comes to light. The portrait reproduced Is the well-known painting by Gilbert Stuart in the Henry C. Frick collection. Last year what appears to be a rep lica of this portrait on a circular Iron panel was * purchased by a New York collector at a price said torbev $100,000. Last yeaV Walter L. Ehrlck of New York exhib ited in the Chicago Art institute one of the four "Lansdowne" portrait^ painted by Stuart of Wash ington. Thereupon 500,000 school children, with help from their elders, bought the picture by pen ny contributions for $75,000. , The bust here pictured has had a most amas> ing history. It is said to be ? and probably Is ? the bust made In 1832 by Pierre Jean David. Thli bust was presented to the United States by France. Fire destroyed the Congressional library In 1851. The bust was supposed to be burned. In New York, not long ago, Mitchell Kennerley, president of the Anderson Galleries, announced that he had Just sold the missing bust for $10,000 to Henry E. Huntington, retired railroad man and art col lector. According to Kennerley the bust wat rescued from a Junk yard. Civilization Goes Back to Land of Sphinx It is vo the land of the sphinx that civilization Is carried back, writes Margaret Sherwood In the North American Review. Possibly this may account for some of its mysteries at the present day. Here was Invented the copper chisel which, with Its stimulation of the crafts of carpenter and stone worker, meant a vast step forward in human development Here, from studying the habits of the Nile, men found out the method of Irriga tion; here flourished workers In gold, makers of pottery, inventors of weav ing; here the first calendar was de vised. Mind and imagination are chal lenged and, stimulated as we follow the trade routes of these early adven turers, enkindling civilization through out the world: Crote, whence sprang the culture of Oreece; Italy, Spain, France, Britain^ Phoenicia, Carthage, India, the East < Indian archipelago, Polynesia, the Caroline Islands, South America ? so runs the breath-taking tale of archaic civilization. > Worse Than a Cross-Word The following note was left on the desk of asocial settlement worker In Cleveland. It Is Intended to be Eng lish. It is a message which was taken down just as It sounded to this for eigner, who did not know how to write English correctly: ? > "Mrs. Goltmsus galtop and seset suns jukom hom pllt galerop sez no mer howlyt agonbl set galerop." The meaning of this la: "Jlrs. Golt meus called up, and says that soon as you, come (jukom) home 'please call her up. Says no matter how late It's going to be, says call her up." ? The Christian Evangelist (St Louis).. Livd Long. in Sam ? Houm At Wimbledon, Eng., Mrs. Bridget EL Richardson died in the same houM where she was born, having. lived there 107 years. Montreal I [of ' ? pected'him 'to make him- j self a king 111 fact if Dot; In name. Men like Aaron Burr considered him a tool for giving up the Presidency. Had Wash ington felt It his duty, he would undoubtedly have taken a third term. But he saw no such duty and set the precedent which has prevailed to this day. The picture of Wash ington crossing the Dela ware is from the mbvlng picture, "Janice Mere dith." Could Washington himself see It, he would laugh? and he seldom did more than smile. For Washington knew his way about ? In canoe and batteau and river craft of all kinds, just as he did on horseback and on foot through the forest and anywhere the emer Exports Exceed Thpte of Combined United States . -Rivals. Washington.? For | the fourth anc cessive year Montreal announces Us supremacy as the greate?t wheat ex porting city In North America. So great Is the yellow flow through Mont real that Its shipments abroad ex ceeded the combined exports of Its seven ' chief rivals Lin the United States, New York, Galveston, New Or ? *l ? I o.. i > i mnPa Nor Baltimore, Nor to September of of wbteat land leans, Philadelphia, folk and Boston, up! lastvyear. I ? - ? ,4The staff of life has been a magic wand for the Canadian metropolis, says a bulletin of the National Geo graphic society from Its headquarters at Washington. "Waving It, Montreal raises an other skyscraper oh her w^ter front Take an elevator to the, fifteenth floor of No. . St< Lawrence river, Montreal's chief wh^at 'office,' look out a wiadow^to thb west, and the story Qf Montreal andrits part Id sop plying that grain lies Revealed. "At one's feet an ocean liner rests snugly against a whai*f, beside a long gallery which sprout^ below like a root of tbe Bkyscrapel- itself. Within that gallery huge, wide, running belts are man-made creek beds for a stream, bank full of wheat. The liner Is re ceiving in Its hold jth$ prpjjtict ?* more than ten acres every minute. "Close under the protecting shadow of the liner lies aiamaller steamship. It has lines like S German dachshund; much open deck lies between the su perstructures fore and ***? Beneath the hatches which cut the deck into a gridiron is more yellow wheat from Port Colborne, Ontario! waiting to be stored In the- grain elevator. In the open water of this harbor sector fret ting tugs line up at appointed places like cavalry horses. Now and then, with a snort of white steam and a puff of black smoke, they dart from their 'company front' on double qulctf to push some ocean leviathan in or oat of its berth. Neck of Grain Bottle. "At the right of the tug line Is the main neck of North America's wheat , bottle, the end of the Lachlne canal. Montreal is the queeu of wheat ports , and more than 60 per cent of her 'yel low gold' comes down the St Law ?rence by water. Over to the left the 8iyi catches the glint of ;whlte water on the Lachlne rapids, head of navi gation of the 1, 000-mile nature-made canal which Is this bottle's mouth. Braving the rapids Is the spidery blac*-| line of the Victoria bridge, with trains shunting across It almost constantly. To the right under wooded , Mount Royal. Is tjie city, founded by Cheva lier Maisonneuve, but biillt as much as anything by wheat "Westward the canal and railroad blend with the smoky mist through which one seems to see the winding j miles n* river, the blue of the Great Lakes and the breadth of the valleys of the Red river and Mississippi ? flat plains where the sky Is a cover pressed to earth at the horizon and wheat Is filling between the crusts. Montreal's life springs are In Manito ba, Saskatchewan, .Minnesota and tbe Dakotas, where winter White gives way to green In spring, golden in sum mer, brown stubble In fall end back to white again. "Most things most be viewed from the bottom up, bat not B Montreal grain elevator; it works from the top down. As soon as a boat j or train Is emptied the wheat goes by conveyors to the top, finding lodging In huge bins. On tbe next floor below It la weighed. Stationed at a battery of huge containers dusty workmen let In a flood of wbeat from a bore. They can estimate a ton to a fraction of a pound. Released by a lever, the grain falls a floor to a five- foot moving belt Almost before It can Settle down to a pleasant ride It r reaches a big steel cart <on rails which precipitately dumps It lnlo.whM looks like a bot tomless pit, but isn't. Later the wheat will emerge from the pit for another belt ride, through galleries stretching a inile and a quarter along the water front, to, be dumped summarily into an ocean liner or tramp; "Receiving grain is" more compli cated than dispatching It. At Duluth or Port Arthur or Fort William biy lake freighters take wheat from boi cars and bring It to Port Colborne, at the head of the Wellington canal, or to Buffalo or Cleveland If It goes out through the United States. At Port Colborne steamers that . can Just squeeze through the locks of the St. Lawrence canals take on the wheat. At Montreal, finally, huge bucket con veyors are lowered ^rom the elevator through the hatches and start the grain to \\% ^ gvn\u iy,^. v W\\ -trase tt**\ ^ \S ltv.*?-h?*<\ \r, th<> w-.rkm;m \iiu_ the sv Vt tv V'ij^ or ii t i*u.tv. ??t qvi\n-'l t<> fi\\ an i,? "Autoumttc t \nst:vU'-<l In &)Z*\ VlcU'.r.s r.\) a W, t\\ey V'^1 to ^ Us ??nwj^ p\t un-\ vt i \i ^ the r?\" <?! ia? \*| \esb ? '?lTl ',n ntoltt S;i i i m? .hi ' . - stnj ' ? 1 1 8ch<"'i niiuli 8<1k hit:l. v. . . sever;:. | Teach | , -K, ' -1 )>?. : ' ' "r-litg - fllMjj ' ' tli? ?:iS ,i Or:t Fren< :. been r er-iiiiin were in work I I. to ton 'value. \ ?'. . .-V, "itf-d : ':? Rh ': ^ am t ? " : '? :?rti ?'?'?y r- La Yanks Make Life Secure in Nine Years of Rule Trans forms Conditions in Republic. Port-Au-Prince, Haiti!? The accom plishments of the United States during, the occupation of the Island of Haiti that has extended over nine years are worthy of note. All the activities nec essary to the rehabilitation of the coun try have been supervised and directed by Americans, with distinct benefit to the republic. The one great outstanding result of this work is the knowledge of all Hai tians and especially the peasant work ing class, that they are free of the menace of confiscation of their prop erty and that their lives are safe. The poorest man In the Island knows he will be protected In his home, that he will be able to enjoy the fruits of his labors and that he Is free to go and come and carry his possessions with him. Anarchy reigned in Haiti In July, 1915, and American marines were land ed for the protection of the lives and property of American and foreign citi zens. Two months later the United States made a treaty with Haiti by which the former country pledged itself to remedy the financial situation and to develop the economic possibili ties of the republic. Big Improvement In Finances. . At this time Haiti was bankrupt, with a national debt of S32.0UO.OOO. Also she had no credit Today the na tional debt Is slightly under I23.000.00U, the currency is at par In the world's markets, a modern budget system has been established and a cash reserve of $1,306,586 has been *uillt up. When the American marines landed in the summer of 1915 sanitation was medieval In character and disease was rampant. Today ten hospitals are in operation and dispensaries are main tained In areas outside the hospital zones. Clinics are held In remote places and sanitary inspection main tained In all the cities and towna and the most stringent regulations are en forced and carried out It took years of patient effort to overcome r r>. and tin; "//'? voodoo doctors, are flocking to ti,fc 'A^H men for relief. checked ;inil native In 1'jlo public wortiM ceased to f unctUi^. ] wretched and w.: ' n fl lighthouses in.iij,, number of harbors t-S coast. Todav tiJW J miles of good ^rave^-M bridges, 800 miles of telegraph lines an-i t -? system In Port-auPriSftB now encircled bjachivM and, automatical fl make nuvi^ation Into the harbors eusvts/J 6,000 Bandtim^H It Is estimated that - J of 1915 C.uju Haiti. Llfftand and travel ou public had ceased. For -lie oiB Haiti has had peace ?-B Peasants have returre: or built new ones isd ,1 foreigner Is perfectly of Haiti. ? A native gendariLer.* missioned ollicers aid j men has been trained tr:a der the guidance of otlicers. They have e::.i the policing of the isiujii tloned in every section. This financial and etoM the Island has been acccq ly through Haitian reson friendly co-operation 0! j government with Brig. G& Itussell, United States u the American high cozu hla staff of \merlcan trw? While much has been; there la a long road aiad tlon of the laws and the;* Judiciary on a high plat*! cupying the attention ofofe ern agriculture is unkDuni of experts from agrir- 2 from the United Stares j a schools and iliodel farm?? are to be taught both sc. 1 Industry. HAIR CUTTING AND IRON WORK TAUGHT IN ALASKA , A U? School Chiefs Lay Groundwork for Course of Home Education for Eskimos. j j Anchorage, Alaska.? While public schools, universities and ^colleges In the United States are forging ahead into the winter term's work, a widely scattered little band of pioneering ed ucators in isolated sections of Alaska Is laying the groundwork for the home education of Eskimos. Scarcity > of manual training mate* rial has resulted in the Introduction of the teaching of hair cutting, Ivory carving and iron work, such as the making of dog chains, skates from old sled shoes and knives from "old files. Under a plan worked put i by J. EL Wagner, chief of the Alaska bureau of the United States bureau of educa> tion, with headquarters at Seattle, artl approved by Dr. J. Tlgert, commission er of education, industrial schools are French Savant Finds Much in Madagascar Paris.? M. Barrabe, a geologist and member ol the French Ecole Nor male, who wag seM on an official geological mission t( Madagascar, has returned to France after spending three months on the island. He traveled extensive ly in the Majunga region and brought back numerous samples from the car boniferous lands. The coal beds do not appear to be as Important as those of Indo-Chlna, and 'it woulcl i appear that the bituminous sands and pe troleum fields of , Madagascar are much more Important than the coal beds. T| Parliament Building in London Crumbling Away hofidon. ? Following the ? discovery thar the dome of St Paul's cathedral Is In danger of collapsing, it has been found that the house of parliament is crumbling away. . Parliament Is not unsafe structurally, but the stone of which It Is bnllt is unsuitable for the London climate and all the ornaments srt fiat disappearing, to be established at Kanakanak, Bris tol Bay, White Mountain, Seward Pe ninsula. and Eklunta, 28 miles north of here. Courses to be taught Include: Animal husbandry? Study of reW deer problems, with special , attention devoted to methods of slaughter and preparation of meat for cold storage andjnarket Wishing ? Operation of a small can nery, curing, smoking, salting and dry lngof^fisb. ivory Industry? M akin? buttons, beads and curios such as butter knives and napkin rings. Tannery ? Curing of skins and man ufacture of leather. Boat building ? Construction of boats and operation of gasoline engines. Tailoring ? Particular attention to fur garments. Commercial ? Training of typists, stenographers and managers and HINT FOR PUZZLE FANS Harry Kahne, mental wizard, work ing a cross-word pusxle backward, whlla ha wag hanging bur his feat up clerks for native co-opw* Cerpentry. nursing household management ':: j Ing and music Hnd folk special attention given'"1? lng. Line of Horses Kept One Family Sifl Manhattan, Kas.-K.-ff Kas., boasts a horse el.?* bershlp In the Sous of if Revolution. The anlnjal's proud H'# saved Its life In the veter.y" of the Kansas !>tate Agrirt? lege here. The horse rt to the hospital with an disease, and veterinarian-' ed killing It. The farm? objected to parting 1 He said his own grandfat!)* In the war of the re^13 | ridden an ancestor of ; that his line hud reca-* family ever since. 1 The horse has gone retirement In the hospIt*JJJ side down on one of tEt * buildings In Washing^ thus for 13 mi nil tea L?efor* * the puzzle. Civil War Vet's M Cleared After 6(J Kalamuzoo, Mich.? After | tending over 00 years, mon has succeeded it' ma of desertion entered wj husband stricken from the War department and receive a widow's pension Harmon, a resldcDt ^ _ to the United States * the Union army In tli" <-'* , was wounded In was sent home on ^irlotP he recovered the et he never reported ' *lis ^ W*? listed as a de^ rter. An affidavit wa* o!,,!1"It^ Harmon, showing 'hat *" husband was an*'ru* 10 " army, he was retrained fr? by his physician. Tiie tee on military affairs >< affidavit and Harmon* 19 cUarsd. . , ^ . j
Polk County News and The Tryon Bee (Tryon, N.C.)
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Feb. 12, 1925, edition 1
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