J&-7CsSVZ& 76YTB&&
to Vi 'jr/&ncC
Due Hundred Years of
Immigratiantu America
CeIeI] rated in Twin Cities
JOHN DICKINSON JSHERMAN
ID Leif Ericsson land on American soil
In A. D. 1000?
Did Adam of Bremen write a book In
1075, telling about VInland, "the new
land to the west"?
Was Eric UpsI In 1112 appointed by
the Vatican bishop of Iceland, Green
land and VInland?
Did King Christian of Norwdy and
Denmark send an expedition to the
mouth of the St. Lawrence In 1472 un
des Admiral Didrik Pining?
Did Christopher Columbus visit Ice
land in 1477, there learn of the existence of the
land to the west and rediscover that land In 1402?
Did Norsemen cross the American continent from
Hudson bay to Puget sound almost 500 years be
fore Columbus landed on San Salvador?
Very likely. Certainly a greaf many Norse-Amer
icans believe that the answer to the foregoing
historical questions is "Yes."
These Norse- Americans, however, for the pur
poses of the Norse-American centennial to be held
June 6 to 9 in the Twin Cities, ^reckon the Norse
immigration to the United States to have begun
with the arrival of the Norwegian sloop Restaura
tlonen In New York harbor October 9, 1825.
Minnesota thinks well of her citizens of Norse
blood, as may be seen by a concurrent resolution
adopted by its legislature, which is in part:
Whereas the year 1925 marks the one hundredth
anniversary of the real beginning of Norse immi
gration to this country and of the coming of the
Norwegian sloop Restaurationen, which brought
the first large group of Norwegian immigrants to
our shores; and
Whereas in commemoration of this event a cele
bration of national and International scope is now
being arranged by the Norse- Americans of this
country, to be held on the Minnesota State Pair
grounds, June 6, 7, 8 and 9, this year; and
Whereas Minnesota has a larger number of
people of Norse descent than any other state, and
It Is recognized that these people braved the hard
ships of frontier settlements from our territorial
days and up through the first decades of our state
hood and thus played an important part In trans
forming this and other northwestern states from
a wilderness to one of the best developed and most
progressive sections of our great country, and
1 that they and their descendants have ever distin
guished themselves as a frugal, industrious and
thrifty people; have taken a deep Interest th our
social, religious and political activities; have been
prominent in educational lines, in science, in art
and literature, and in every branch of Industry,
but above all have shown themselves to be public
spirited and most loyal American citizens: Now,
therefore, be it resolved. That we do hereby extend
to the President and the people of the United
States; the governor general, the premier and the
people of the Dominion of Canada; his majesty
the king, the government, the storthing and the
people of Norway; the primate and the people
of Iceland a most cordial invitation to attend and
participate in the said celebration.
It appears that Secretary of State Hughes sent
out Invitations In conformity with this action of
the Minnesota legislature. Anyway, the guest list
of the celebration carries at the Its head the names
of President Coolldge and Mrs. Coolldge, Prince
Olaf of Norway, Secretary of State Frank B. Kel
?*>g g and Mrs. Kellogg, Lord Byng, governor gen
eral of Canada, and Lady Byng; MacKenzle King,
premier of Canada; H. H. Brysn, Norwegian min
ister to the United States; Lauritz S. Swenson,
American minister to Norway; Bishop Johan
Lunde of Oslo, Kristine Bonnevle, Norway's great
est woman scientist, and delegations from the Nor
wegian storthing and from both houses of the
.American congress.
President Coolldge has tentatively accepted the
Invitation and his address has been scheduled as
the feature of "America Day," June 8. That day
a living Norwegian flag, formed by 500 children of
St. Paul, will at a signal transform itself Into the
Stars and Stripes of America.
The centenary will open on Saturday, June G,
with conventions of the thirty-two Norwegian clans
or "Bygdelags." There will be a reception at the
state capltol In St. Paul, with six Norse- American
governors and their wives In the receiving line.
Eellglous services on June 7 will take on the as
pects of a great musical festival, when Norwegian
choruses from Canada, Norway and the many Nor
wegian colleges and singing societies of the United
States will combine in the singing of hymns.
Representative O. J. Kvale of the Seventh Min
nesota district delivered the invitation to congress
In an address In the last session. He's the man
who defeated A. J. Volstead for the Sixty-eighth
congress. He's an "Independent," a minister and
aft A. M. of the University of Chicago. He was
P/tO&M m
?Js/iSlSar McnrzA. iXkyofiek. su/ Tarsner 3esia.toj~
JftzfrrizS c&zrrscy*.
born in Iowa, as were his father and grandfather.
He is a member of the board of education of the
Norwegian Lutheran Church of America. Here
are some of the things he said about the celebra
tion :
The hundredth anniversary of the real beginning
of Norse Immigration to the United States will
this year be observed in many places: It will be
celebrated In every community In the United States
where the Incoming Norwegians have settled and
established themselves and where their descend
ants are now to be found In numbers, notably In
Chicago and New York city. The largest and the
principal one, however, Is the celebration which
will be held at the Minnesota State Fair grounds,
officially known as the lTorse-Amerlcan centennial.
Informed and impartial observers declare It will
be the greatest celebrathn in the history of the
Northwest.
Representatives chosen from each Norwegian
organization ? ethnic, religious, fraternal, social,
civic ? organized the corporation which has ar
ranged for the event. It has gained In popularity
and appeal away and beyond the original plans of
Its promoters and sponsors. Five neighboring
states have also, through their executive depart
ments, urged support and co-operation on the part
of their citizens. Civic bodies stand solidly behind
the event; church denominations are indorsing It;
Norwegian organizations In foreign countries will
participate and Will send delegates and representa
tives to the centennial.
Notables In large numbers will address the as
sembled gatherings; prominent merT will stress the
important achievements of the Norse-Americans
in all activities; exhibits and pageants will graph
ically describe thero; musical organizations will
at the same time exhibit and entertain.
I am well aware that to some of you gentlemen*
the prefix "Norse," or any prefix, may seem to
Indicate something not purely and truly Amer
ican. If the prefix In this case implied anything
even faintly suggesting such a possibility, I would
be the first to repudiate it In the most emphatic
and unqualified terms. And I know that In mak
ing this statement I do so with the unanimous
approval of all the people here concerned. Amer
icans who trace their ancestry to the Vikings of
old are proud of their lineage, but doubly proud
of their American citizenship; and they claim as
pure and as unadulterated an American patriotism
as that possessed by any other group of citizens
of this country, It matters not what European
land Is designated by them as the mother country.
Without apologising, we are this year celebrating
the Norse-American centennial, and we do so In
grateful remembrance of our forefathers and in
recognition of what these Immigrants have done
for us and for our country.
The Restaurationen brought 53 Norwegian im:
migrants. This was the first shipload of Norse
people to emigrate to the new land of the free
across the Atlantic. The project was arranged by
Kleng Peerson ? sometimes known as Cleng Pear
son ? that romantic frontier figure, the Daniel
Boone of the Norwegians. He had been in the
United States and had covered the primeval West
in his wanderings; he returned to Norway with
his wonderful tajes of the possibilities and the
opportunities that awaited his fellow countrymen
In America, organized the expedition, and assisted
in the purchase of the little sailing vessel. The
sloop sailed from Stavanger harbor, Norway, July
4, 1825, and reached New York after a long and
stormy passage.
This single event marks the beginning of the
steady and swelling stream of Immigration from
Norway. Norway has sent to America a larger
proportion of her population than any other coun
try with the exception of Ireland; her sons and
daughters here total In excess of 2,500,000. That
is equal to the actual population of Norway, which,
according to thexlast census, was 2,649,775.
It was Kleng Peerson who arranged for the re
ception of the Restauratlonen's passengers by pro
viding for them the settlement at Kendall, N. Y.,
the colony which he founded. His work in estab
lishing colonies in the Northwest and the South
west was interrupted by three return voyages to
Norway. He died at the ripe age of eighty- three
years, in Bosque county, Texas, in 1865; and he
lies today in Norse, the heart of the last settle
ment founded by him. The story of his life and his
work is a true epic.
Others were ready to carry on the work he had
prairie, near Belolt From this time on. In ever
increasing numbers, these early Norwegian set
tlers crossed the sea, tramped ont through the
Ft range country and founded their settlements, on
Rock prairie and Koshkonong In Wisconsin, In
Winneshiek county in Iowa, and later In southern
Minnesota and the two Dakotas.
Kleng Peerson and his sturdy countrymen will
live again at the centennial celebration. Col.
Hans C. Heg, commander of the Fifteenth Wis
consin Regiment of Volunteers, a Clvil^war regi
ment made up almost entirely of Norwegians, will
once more carry Into battle the flag that bore on
one side the Red, White and Blue of America and
on the other the Red, White and Blue of Norway.
For on "Norse American Day," the closing day
of the gathering, the beloved heroes and heroines
of Norwegian pioneer days will take part in a
great historical pageant In which the Norwegian
love of the dramatic and the picturesque will em
bellish the story of frontier days.
Dr. Knut GJerset of Luther college heads the
exhibits committee and has planned to dlvftfe the
exhibit into twenty-two departments as follows >
Pioneer life, church, schools, farming, press lit
erature. men In public service, art, charity and
mnfual aid, wdmen's department, societies and or
ganizations, music, engineering and architecture,
trade and commerce. Norwegian ski sport In
America; men In the medical profession, labor,
sons of Norway, daughters of Norway, Industries,
builders and benefactors and Norse-Canadian ex
hibits.
In recognition of the nation-wide observance of
the centenary, the federal government has author
ized the Issue of special stamps, to be printed In
two colors, a 2-cent stamp bearing the picture of
the sloop Restauratlonen and a 5-cent stamp dec
orated with a Viking ship. A Norse-American cen
tennial medal, the first commemorative medal to
be Issued In the history of the mint, has also been
authorized by the government. ~ \
The Norse-Americans, because their large prop
erty holdings and common Interests gave them the
Incentive for group action) have elected public
officials of their choice in Rational as well as In
state and local offices. Of the large number of
public servants ? state legislators, Judges, gover
nors, representatives, and senators ? without ques
tion the best known Is the late Knute Nelson of
Minnesota, that rugged, sincere, determined, faith
ful figure whom everyone grew to love and ad
mire In his many years of honest service in the
house and In the senate. He was born in Norway.
Henrlk Shlpstead, the Farmer-Labor senator from
Minnesota is a "native son," having been born In
1881 in Kandiyohi county. -He was elected In
1922, receiving 325,372 votes against 241,883 for
Frank B. Kellogg, Republican, now secretary of
state. Magnus Johnson, the Farmer-Labor senator
from Minnesota, who was so often In the lime
light during his short term of office, was born In
Varmland, Sweden. He was elected In 1923 to fill
the vacancy caused by the death of Senator Knute
Nelson, defeating Gov. J. A. O. Preus. Theodore
Christlanson succeeds Preus as governor.
"I am not willing to concede even the sugges
tion of a superior brand of Americanism to him
who may trace his ancestry to the Europeans who
first drove the Indians back from the Atlantic
seaboard," said Representative Kvale. "At best.
It Is merely a question of a Jfew generations. And
true Americanism is no more a matter of years,
and centuries, nor of language and customs, than
Is true Christianity a matter of latitude and longi
tude. Both are a state of the heart and of the
Inmost soul. I claim, without the slightest fear
of successful contradiction, that of all the peoples
that have contributed their quota to the making
of this nation, no more law-abiding men and wom
en have set foot on American soil than those who
during the past century embarked for these shores
from the rock-bound coast of the northwest penin
sula of Europe."
begun. In the first year*
nearly all Incoming
groups came first to the
Kendall settlement and
then pushed onward. Of
these one group estab
lished themselves in the
Fox River settlement In
Illinois, founded In 1834
bj Peeraon. This was the
first permanent Norse
settlement In the Middle
West. Another group set
tled In 1838 on Jefferson
Growth Affected by Periodic Sun Spots
Many million miles separate the
spot 8 on the sun from a. rabbit, but
scientists declare that there Is a con
nection between tbem and that the
periodic changes in the number of
dark masses on the sun's surface
partly explain certain facts concern
ing the growth of plants and animals.
Records of the spots have been kept
for ISO years and it has been found
that they Increase to # a maximum
about every 11 years, says Popular
Mechanics Magazine.
This high point Is accompanied by
a low-temperature period on the earth,
It is said, while fluctuations In atmos
pheric pressures, rainfall, tracks of
storms In North America and the rate
of growth of the redwood trees are all
declared to correspond td the changes
In the sun-spot numbers.
Records kept by the Hudson's Bay
company since 1845 are said to show
that the ifumber of rabbit skins re
ceived reaches a high mark at a time
when the sun spots are at a minimum.
The sunlight is believed to have' a di
rect Influence on one of the vltamlnea
In the food the animals eat and thus
affects their numbers. Due to a cli
mate fluctuation of unknown cause,
every three and one-half years, a
small arctic animal, known as the
lemming, attains vast numbers and
hordes of them migrate to the low
lands and even Into the sea, dying by
\
the thousands as they plunge frantical
ly Into the water.
Forgot Their "Tool*"
The bad habit that plumbers have,
or are said to have, of forgetting their
tools when they go out on a job Is no
doubt responsible for the following
news note: "In a California Industrial
league a baseball game scheduled
between two teams composed of
plumbers had to be postponed because
the players forgot to bring their bats
and balls." ? Youth's Companion.
MODERN TREND IS ; F
ALL FdR SHORTNESS
Abbreviation Seems the Or ? ?
der of the Day.
Longer days mean "shorter- wom
en. For there Is an epidemic of ab
breviation abroad. ..
Women have shortened their hair,
their skirts, their sleeves, In fact ev
erything that could be shortened in
their modes.
Their manners have been subjected
to the same process. Engagements
are shorter and marriages also.
Social life is a succession of brief
functions. P Inner is the merest snap
shot before a short dance in one place'
and a short drive to the next, Petrie
Townshend writes In the continental
edition of the London Mail. >
"Life1 Is short and art cannot be
long," Is the modern woman's motto.
She will not look at a picture unless
Its effect is obvious and can. be seized
in a glance. She prefers short to long
stories, and evdb her novels are ar
rangements of epigrams. Her letters
are reduced to brief notes.
Absence of brevity means presence
of boredohi to women, who prefer
even their proposals to be made by
telephone. It is quicker to cut off a
rejected suitor than to dismiss him.
There is also an Idea abroad Just
now that quickness means sllmness.
The short meal means the perfect fig
ure and the short skirt enables plenty
of strenuous exercise to be taken even
In London. Even stockings are turn
ing into socks for the tennis player,
and gloves must end at the wrist.
Shovt^fialr means a short way with
maids and a quick dressing time.
If ^brevity Is the soul of wit the
shortened dinner table of today (It Is
rarely made to sea< more than eight
persons) should scintillate with spar
kling conversation. Modern women's
remarks, however, are so short that
they tend to be monosyllabic. It is
the fashion to omit all pronouns and
as many verbs as possible and to rely
on allusion for the rest
Conversation is carried on in a so
ciety cipher and those who hold the
key do not appear to find the expand
ed form particularly enlivening. Still,
shorter small talk is probably a boon.
Shorter engagements mean more
marriages. The finding-out process
takes a little longer than the conven
tional six weeks, which is all that can
elapse between the curt circular noti
fication and the wedding day.
With every occupation cut short the
hours should be long, but the most
frequeEft complaint of the modern
woman is that she Is so terribly busy:
"The days are so short 1"
The Change
"Well, how's everything been going
on yuraboats whilst I've been away 7"
asked a citizen who had been over in
Oklahomy for a number of years. "Any
changes took place?"
"You betcha 1" returned Gap Johnson
of Rumpus Ridge. "Three new houses
have been built, the whole Hocker
smlth and Hellbender families have
wiped thelrselves plumb out with their
feuds, 'most everybody it could hurt
has been killed off by bone-dry ilcker.
Lem Lirmmocks has married ag*ln ?
you know, his first wife had a wart
right yur on the p'lnt of her chin;
well, his new wife has got one on the
back of her neck? and I'm down in
tuther side of the fccck from what I
used to be. Aw, there's a heap o'
changes took place whilst you've bee^
gone." ? Kangas City Times. (
Electricity in Homes
There is now approximately a billion
dollars worth of electric labor savera
and cooking appliances in use in the
electrified homes of the United States.
Of these appliances the most popular
is the iron, of which there are now
8,350,000 in household use. The next
most popular of electrical appliances
is the cleaner with 4,575,000 in use
while the third place is held by the
electric washer of which 3,460,000 are
now being used by the nation*! house
wives. Likewise, the electric fan is
very popular Indeed. The country
over there are now about 4*150,000
of them in domestic and commercial
use.
Rural Mail-Box Stand
In order to do away with unsightly
rows of individual mail boxes set on
posts at crossroads, groups of farmers
in many communities fix their mail
boxes to large discarded wagon
wheels set on the ends of fence posts.
A newly invented metal stand serves
the same purpose and helps to keep
the highway more attractive. The
sides of the devlce-^fttn be used for
posting small local notices. Mounted
at the top of the ceijter post on which
the supporting frame revolves ig a
small road sign In the form of - an
arrow.
SadK but True
Most listeners have remarked . the
fact that the broadcaster speaks slow
ly and distinctly at the outset and
frequently pauses ? ahem ? between
words.
Then suddenly he changes his pace
and we know that the official in
charge of the station has nodded to
him that his time is almost up and he
will havetogosomeifhewantstogetinail
of his scheduled address within the pre
scribed tlmellmlt.? J udge.
' Airmen Kills Antelope
George Pomeroy, an airplane mall
pilot, who runs between Omaha and
Cheyenne, having made good time on
the early part of his trip, spotted aa
antelope from his high point of van
tage while flying over Nebraska and
descending, shot it He crammed^ the
antelope info his plane and continued
his journey, only later to be appre
hended and fined $156 for lilt sport by
the game warden at Lincoln. * /
Rather Expensive *
A grocer In North Illinois street had
scribbled on his front window: "Fresh
Eggs ? 85c Dos." Someone with a
sense of humor had done a little eras
ing, which left the sign like this:
"Fish Egg*? 35c Dos." It pooled
?tany.? Indianapolis Newt.
V
Capital Establishes a New Tr
WASHINGTON, ? 'lliis city's
new code of trnffl^ regulations
Is a composite of the best
methods adopted by other
cities throughout the country. The
new rules, which are built around the
idea of the greatest speed possible
commensurate with the greatest safe
ty, are expected to serve as a model
for the rest of the country.
To facilitate the movement of traf
fic, the speed limit has been raised
from 18 to 22 miles an hour. Through
streets are to be designated and plainly
marked on which greater speeds will
be permitted, running up as high as
35 miles an hour on certain arterial
thoroughfares leading to trunk high
ways in the outlying sections.
No speed Is specified for motorists
crossing Intersections or rounding
curves, the cate being left to the judg
ment of the driver, depending upon
conditions of traffic. The rules do not
mean a motorist may travel at a 22
miie rate speed anywhere. This may
be cut down to as low as 12 miles an
hour in the business section. The heed
less driver is curbed by general regula
tions which will be enforced in the dis
cretion of the arresting officer and the
Judge.
-UN. \M
riiins urt
way ?t -a*' InUT^rv^.u m
the ri^'t ->t w.iy
Left tnm> :tr?
W'l tUtUs '4 rt^
At int?rr?*?-V."Us,
"f ?'?*> *?>' siuiyij
arm mul i>> "?irtmtin ^
\\W wimt' us if H ir.ity
gUvt\? ...???< I t <"'?
t" "r?\y v ^
rear ?t ? -?l!l,'"Lh ^-h-\ 1-4}^
fwt.
In sU'"^ "?"? ???"?
loiuUnv: ..'S.ruis,
\iftss a '* ' ' ' ;ir- '??
moving
TU?* '?''V"r',^u I
tv t>? si "i ;?.'.> ? '.?r m m^{
its \>r-.iV.?? . 1 it (-is, y
t\H' Citl - W. ? ' I *' S" 'it i
mill's nn t.-ur. <;.n 1+
f ( m ?t i?r.tV.?' wiU'.'.tt a ?Vic>q[
nn<l wl,v *???*'
't\u. ,\r.v?T -a ii\ r.-x.
in:vy \>< ;u?" *'?
PUSS H t*N Lj
JfraiitHl iN t? ?v.'
include i, .v!<: t(| v'?, <**?
talily. ami
Washington Has New Advisorv fJ
THE *?gldents of Washington,
through their regularly consti
tuted Federation of Citizens'
Associations, have elected
Charles A. Baker, George C. Hav
enner, Harry N. Stull, William S.
Torbett, W. I. Swanton and George
R. Wales as a Citizens' Advisory
Council to the commissioners of
the District of Columbia.- This
action was taken in -response to a sug
gestion from the District commission
ers and is for the purpose of bringing
public sentiment to bear upon the op
en district government.
to be representative of the best ele
ments of the District of Columbia.
They are public-spirited workers for
the welfare of the municipality, and
in their several sections of the city
have already accomplished much. Their
acquaintance with District needs is
thorough, and their fcdvice should be
valuable in promoting the solution of
the many problems that arise in city
administration. It is noticeable that
the advisory council was elected with
out friction. Associated with them as
advisers will be Jesse C. Suter, presi
dent of the Federation of Citizens'
Associations, and Dr. George H.
Richardson and George Reason, repre
named are believed
sent inn t !.??
COtllU'il nf | r
Is <*??nsii' :ii (j
every s**ft i< ? ti. ?
every ii..n .,f j|?. !i;^
every "f t!1(. ^
An ?-ii..riti?.iis :i!:.?;irij ,
before the I 'isrrif-T
brinjrinL' tin- n.unl?i|.ai^j |
standards exju-rt,..] ?{ a ^
tropolis. Tin* s< lit* >is ^
pavements. m w. rs. a
anil recreations. iin^j (
bathing facilities, jlav;p?
extensions, suliurlmn ^
many other qucsti'ns c,
which cnll fur tin- {?xwlwf,
Judgment in d?-v?-!<?|?ing to 4(
vantage the I'ity that i>
crowning glory (,f A:;>m
rival <>f the world's tnoj
capitals" The citizens
selected from sinn-nzst tteirl
best qunli1:e.| t? :t<lvls? 4
commissioners should iavfO
and wlioleln-anH sqpiru
citizens' associations arvlyj
organizations, tn the end
teamwork si. nil In* wi.p':^#
in^ up Washington as \ n
due regard f<v>r the wi-Lai
payers who sli"ii!der srt
portion of the luirden of act
eminent.
New Maps Useful to the Average (J
FOUR new topographic mups, cov
ing areas In West Virginia and
Pennsylvania, have been Issued by
the Department of the Interior
through the geological survey. The
West Virginia maps represent the
White Sulphur Springs and Hanging
Rock quadrangles and the Pennsyl
vania maps the Milton and the Wil
liamsport quadrangles. They are pub
lished on the scale of one mile to one
Inch and printed In four colors. Be
sides showing the relief or topography
of the areas by means of the brown
contour lines, as In the ordinary topo
graphic map, these maps show the
hills, mountains and slopes by shading
In light olive-drab, which to the lay
men's eye brings out the topographic
features In clear relief, the effect being
like that obtained from a view of a
colored plaster-cast model. Although
tMs shading Is probably of no ad
vantage to the engineer, It Is undoubt
edly a great help to the average map
usar, such as the automobillst, the
hiker, and the camper, for it gives him
a genuine picture of the country rep
resented. The sha.]ir.j.
not obscure the <?? .Rtf.ur*.
experience*! eye *!.?* t* g
every natural feature ?.f fr
well as its altitude
Kacii run j> is really a vridi
ary of altitudes.
These four mnjs are x
great topotrraphlc atlas of i
States that tin- ;vn!upri! I
making, which is ren.pjtii
ing a basic, p-neralpurp*
the country. Iti areas tUti
ioal survey has iii?pf*U!*i
whatever mny he I, is [rytf
need for trial or preliniM.7
The topographic map s?-r9
pose and can he M'tawdl
geological survey at the a?i
of ten cents. This low fCi
does net Indicate that *t?i
Inexpensive pr"<]urt.
and the copper-plate Wi:n?K
one of the f??ur mapsjrtl
cost t<> SS.frty vdi
the kind could he fi?*
greater engineering MJf?
Work Closes Up 39 Local Land (fl
MAY 1 the government began to
conduct its public land busi
ness with 45 instead of 84 lo
cal land offices iibthe various
states and Alaska. Reductions in the
annual appropriations approximating
$617,000 by congress and a survey In
augurated by Secretary Work of
the Interior department Is respon
sible for discontinuing these offices.
This survey shows that not only
has the public domain been dimin
ishing at an average rate of 10,000,000
acres annually, but that receipts had
fallen off approximately 85 per cent
during Yhe last 20 years. The survey
further showed that the government
had been maintaining the same number
of local land offices.
It was also found that many local
land offices did not Justify the expense
of their future operation. This situa
tion was reflected in the general de
cline of applications for homestead
entries of every character, auctions of
public lands, filings and applications
on the public domain. A compilation
of figures revealed the fact that orlgi
nal homestond entries a;
from 48J32 in 193 > to 11#
8tock-rulsinn entries fnw J
1920 to T.ixM) in m: deel?
tries from l.f'L'G in I'/JJuGm
public land itucib'tis ft?*
1920 to 4l'.'{ in HC'4;
abandoned militiirv
160 in HO) t? H in Ml
Id ouch ruse where i
office was uhnlishftl, iM^t
and arc/iives were tiwf
nearby office In the
the Inconvenience t<>
reduced to die minima*,
states in the I'nion. "dJ '
local luml i>t!icr* nrlflsto1
rltory ??f Alaska
are maintained. The W
land oflices ucre <liwcti*
states of K.msa*. ?
consin, Hljere [inirtirsft 4H
J)Uf)JJc land i.-.'i- f"*E
business of these '
ferred to the general ?l|J'
Washington. It is eijtffy
additional office* "ill '<*
after tlie reor/aHta'fc'11
Pensions for Indians in the
THE task of identifying the In
dian scouts who served with the
United States army in the Apache
war of 1885 and 1886 so that
they can be paid pensions due them
from the government is proving a diffi
cult problem the Interior department
finds. All of these Indians are between
the ages of sixty-three and eighty years.
They live on the Pueblo Bonito Indian
reservation in New Mexico. Recently
the bureau of Indian affairs Instructed
the superintendent of this agency to
search out the Indians who served as
scouts with General Miles when he
chased Qeronimo and his band over
the southwest and Into Mexico. The
old Indians appeared from every part
of the reservation when the superin
tendent sent out a call for all the
Indians claiming to have served with
either the infantry or the cavalry. But
an' Immediate entanglement ensued.
Out of the entire number who came
to1 the ageacy's headquarters and de
clared that; they were former scouts,
only four were able to present their
discharge paper* from the army.
Others hud thn>?u
papers nv ;y thinking '<*
wMJe st'tur Imil destfoftf
Majority, /mwever, had &
gotten the names ond" 1
enlisted as well af '
?f the uilx-up. nn effort'
made to r/jerfc up the i#
aged Indians in the hop*
ing their Identities. 0
four have already he#1
sloos, the hark ^
as $1,800. which upon t*
checks fryr\ the I*0*"1
invested In docks of she*
also two pension claims1*
Dow pending.
A few of the Indian**
to show ui'iinds,
were received in the ra^
tlte Apaches, one. 0
named Jtierlto Gob
Onger throuph which ht
claims to have set**
meats. Most of the*'
serving In the Aptcbt
Navajos and enlisted
New Mexico.