DEMOCRATIC ERA ENDS
When Dwight D. Eisenhower takes the oath
of office as President of the United States
on Jan. 20, it will mark the end of two decades
of successive Democratic administrations,
those of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and of
Harry Truman.
It was 20 yaars ago that Roosevelt set out to
break the back of the economic depression with
the "New Deal." It began with a long list of
unprec< dented legislative projects. Insurance
of bank deposits was authorized. The Agricul
tural Adjustment Act was passed to give farmers
benefit payments. Millions were appropriated
to the Federal Emergency Relief Administration
and the Civilian Conservation Corps to provide
jobs. TheTVA was started. The Securities and
Exchange Commission was established to pro
tect investors. It was the period of NRA (Na
tional Recovery Act), the beginning of social
security, the REA (Rural Electrification Act)
among numerous others. Controversial as many
of the measures were, there is no doubt they
signalled a new era.
The period of peacetime economic readjust
ment was followed by the outbreak of World
Wr.r II, and the beginning of an atomic age.
With war's en<i in sight, Roosevelt died on
April 12, 1945, soon after starting his fourth
term. Vice President Truman took over. The
World War ended, but not Truman's problems:
the cold war with Russia, the hot war in Korea,
the drive to consolidate allies in a free world,
new tensions, new threats. The problems are
still there as a Republican era begins.
1. CCC: In March 1933/ Civilian Conservation Corps was created to provide
job*. Hert, city youths work in Rainier National Park.
TWO PRESIDENTS. President Roosevelt and his running mate, Harry Truman, after 1944
victory at polls. Five months later, Roosevelt was dead and Truman was new chief of state.
2. TVA: Tennessee
Valley Author ity,
whose lakes, dams
and power lines
sprawl over vast
area of upper
South, was another
creation. Here are
some linemen at
work in the Valley. JR
3. NRA: Notional Recovery Administra
tion was established to enforce codes of
"fair competition" in industry.
4. NLRB: Mrs. E'inore Herrick, a
National Labor Relations Board
director, settles 1937 dispute.
5. WPA: Works Progress Administration was
established in 1935 to create jobs through
public construction and other projects.
6. SOCIAL SECURITY: The 1935 Act
set up welfare, old-age, unemployment
insurance. Here,claimi are being certified.
7. PEACETIME DRAFT: Secretary of War Stimson
draws first number, Oct.> 1940, inaugurating start of
nation's first peacotim* draft.
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8. AID TO BRITAIN: U.S. tailors show British tars depth
charges used on the 50 over-age U.S. destroyers traded to
Britain in 1940 in return for naval and ajr bases.
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9. WORLD WAR ll; An Americon soldier forging
ahead symbolized nation's long end bloody
march to victory on two wide-flung fronts.
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19. AtOMIC AGE. First successful experiment of man-made nuclear fission in Chicago, 1942,
ushered in atomic ero# ted to development of atomic bon^bs. Here is atomic blast inBikini lagoon.
11. MARSHALL PLAN Aid to West
ern Europ* followed 1947 Trumon
Doctrine of oid to Greece, Turkey.
12. KOREAN WAR: A U.S. M?in*
rushes on toward a hard, relentless
foe in early days of Korean conflict.
II NATO: Can. Ei*enhower at SHAPE in
PtrLt, 1951, when he commanded western
Europe force* under North Atlantic poet.
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