Newspapers / Jones County Journal (Trenton, … / June 4, 1964, edition 1 / Page 5
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e Economist Contrasts U. S., Russian Farms ►? , _l prob ably say “it-is sort of on the sorry side.” Khrushchev has expressed about the same opinion, but for different reasons, of course. Communists like to explain away their, farm shortages in terms of such things as weathdr problems and war losses. Americans say Communist agriculture is a flop be. cause the lack of modem technol ogy in production and marketing and the lack of farmer incentives. But what is Russian agriculture really like? How does it differ from Amreican agriculture? Charles Brooks, an agricultural economist at State College, has made some comparisons. The con trasts are sharp. First, Russia has about 6S0 mil lion acres of crop and hay land. This is 190 mlilion more than the United States. But despite their larger acreage, Russian farmers use only about one-third.as much fertilizer as U. S. farmers. Labor is a different story. In 1959 there were 48 million people work ing on Russian farms. This was' about 45 per cent of the total labor' force. In the U. S., the job is done by 11 per cent of the total labor force. Use of machinery helps explain part of the difference. American farmers were using 4.7 million tractors in 1962; Russian farmers had only 1.2 million. Brooks said the structure of farm organization is very different be tween the U. S. and Russia. The U. S. has about 3.5 million farms. The majority of these farms are family-owned and the decisions are , made by tjie operator. In 1962, Rus sia had 40,600 collective farms and 8,600 state farms. Brooks explained that collective farms were formed by forcing * small peasants to give up their individual holdings. The state de termines what will be grown, who will grow it and how much they will receive for growing it. The average collective farm in 1962 had about 7,000 acres in cul tivation, which were worked by about 400 families. Brooks points out that the state farms are “considered the highest form of socialized agricultural pro duction carried out on such farms. In 1962, the average state farm contained about 25,000 acres and was cultivated by about 800 work ers. These workers were paid "fac tory-like’’ wages. In addition to the collective and state farms, there are almost 26 million private plots in Russia. These plots, averaging about two thirds acre each, are considered the property of individual farmers. Farmers can work the plots as they wish and have what they make. Although these plots amounted to only about 3 per cent of aH land cultivated in Russia in 1962, they accounted for one-third of the tptal agricultural oytput. What do Russian farmers grow? Brooks found some information on that too. \ ' Wheat, rye, barley, oats and po tatoes are the main crops. In the U. S. it would be corn, wheit, soy^ beans and oats. Russia has put heavy emphasis on livestock production in recent years. Meat output increased 100 per cent during the ’50’s, but pro duction of most meat is still far below production in the U. S. For eaxmple, in 1961, per capita meat production in Russia was 37 per cent of that in the U. S. Her milk production was-,77- per cent of the U. S. average when put on a per person basis. Egg production was only 40 per cent. These difference in_ agricultural production show up in the diets of Americans and Russians, Brooks said. Three-fourths of the calorie Supply for communist countries, for example, comes from grains, roots, and tubers. These items accouut for only one-fourth of the U. S. diet. Americans, on the Other hand, get almost one-third of their cal orie supply from livestock products. People in communist countries get only 7 per cent. / The Editor Lenoir County News 403 West Vernon Avenue Kinston, N. C. Dear Sir: The members of the Lenoir Greene-Jones Counties Medical So ciety deeply appreciate the cooper ation of so many people who helped our Sabin Oral Polio Vaccine pro gram succeed. Individuals who participated' futt time, part time or spontaneously as occasion demanded, overflowed our records so that many acts of generosity never can be known or properly acknowledged. For this reason, we would like to use this means of thanking one and all, and not the least, those who tried to ‘“Stop Polio” by tak ing the vaccine. Sincerely yours, P. M. Dunning, M.D. Chairman, Immunization Committee Lenoir-Greene-Jones Medical Society SENATOR SAM Continued from Page 4 many feel are already bumping high levels. The paring down of proposed medical benefits and the necessity of increased social security taxes to meet the cost renews the ques tion, among others, of the feasibil ity of the plan. As the session reaches the half way point, the important questions LOANS on Diamonds, Watches, Jew elry, Silver, Typewriters, Old Coins, Musical Instruments, and Guns. PHILLIPS LOAN & JEWELERS 401 N. QUEEN ST. Uc«Md Pawn Broker No Mew — No Waiting — Our Ready-Mixed Concrete Is on the Job When You Need It. , Also Sand, Gravel and Crushed Stone, 7'.'.;, N, C, ARM DEFENSE—Wide-eyed visitor to Washington, D.C., Russell F. Forte, watches a Agriculture Department specialist thrust his arm into a cage full of mosquitoes. After spraying with a new repellent, mosquitoes shunned his arm instead of Hinging to it Cattlemen Asking Cuts In Imports of Beef Approximately 1,750,000,000 pounds (carcass weight) of beef and veal were imported into the United States in 1963. This is 20 percent more than in 1962 and 360 percent more than in 1956. This was the equivalent of more than 2,916,000 carcasses of 600 pounds each, and is equal to 6 weeks capacity of all the federally inspected cattle slaughtering estab lishments in the country. before Congress continue to be how to meet the needs of society with out submerging individual person ality and freedom, how to keep a proper balance in the delicate structure of constitutional govern ment, and how to cope with ever mounting costs of government. These are the constant tasks of the Congress. The answers are complex. They are not cut and dried. They continue to constitute the real decisions that engage the Congress and the country from day to day, and from session to session. Cattle producers and feeders are asking with even louder voices when the Federal government is going to assert i t ? constitutional authority “to regulate commerce with foreign nations” in the mat ter of excessive beef imports. The Summer issue of Farm Quarterly magazine notes that the United States is today the world's largest producer of beef; the world’s largest importer of beef; and the only major beef market without any quantitative restric tions and with only a very nominal fixed import duty. Cattle prices have reflected this situation for the past year and a half. Exactly how much imports have affected the domestic price struc ture is very hard to determine. Many market men are saying that the imports have depressed prices $1 to $3 per hundred. REAL HOME MADE CAKES, PIES AND PASTRIES Donut*, Glazed, Chocolate, Jelly and Cream — Good Variety of Breakfast Buns — Fresh Daily Special Orders for Wedding, Birthday and Party Cakes. Aunt Jennie’s Bake Shop 813 N. Queen St. Kinston, N. C. Phone JA 3*4611 Frosty Mom Meats Inc. “Helping to build a better Livestock Market for Eastern North Carolina” Top prices paid for Hogs & Cattle Daily No Commission Charge No Waiting Phone JA 3-5103 Kinston, N. C. life":...-, '
Jones County Journal (Trenton, N.C.)
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June 4, 1964, edition 1
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