THE PERQUIMANS WEEELY. HERTFORD. N. CU FRIDAY. JULY 1, 1988
PAGE FIVE
LOO'duG AT I'iASIlluGTOll
By Hugo S. Sims, Washington Correspondent
Relief, Recovery and Reform Are
Still the Nation's New Three R's
The three R's, famous in educa
tional circles' not so many years ago,
have become in this year of grace,
1938, Relief, Recovery and Reform.
During President Roosevelt's first
term of office, there was constant de
bate as to whether relief and recov
ery should precede reform. The de
bate continues today, as the nation
again faces a severe economic flop,
and officials continue to study its
causes, ind, by investigation and
legislation, to find out why it hap
pened and how it cah'be prevented, in
the.future.
t moo -a fivn n.fi. observations on e
i.- 7 .liv wrnnW 'WHal capital. Here are thte writer's
in. uerMiun uuvihk'vj v i
many more have only part-time em-
activity n a s
when the special session revealed a
Congress somewhat independent of the
President, there were heavy drops in
the industrial index. The recent ses
sion, with defeats and victories for
the President interpersed, has wit
nessed continued economic decline.
Thus, it appears that some factor
other than the President's policies
underlies the present economic situa
tion. - ;'
Observations on Several. Questions'
Of Interest As Congress Adjourns
The adjournment, of Congress of
fers the. opportunity for all writers
to make a few more"or less random
observations on events at the natiOn-
ployment. Business
slumped almost to where it was in
1933. Superficially, , the condition re-
Remttlf 1933. but actually there is a.
vast difference. Then, private chari
table resources and the funds of
state and local communities were
nracticallv exhausted. There had
been no acceptance by the Federal
Government of its responsibility in
providing relief for the unemployed.
Continued unemployment, in spite
of all that has been done, is ex
plained, in part, by basic economic
conditions. According to the Public
Affairs Committee, official statistics
show that .there were only three-
fourths as many jobs in industry in
1936 as in 1920, although population
increased twenty per cent in the in
terval
Since 1929, employment in industry
has decreased one-fifth. In addition,
there has been retrenchment on many
sides, throwing thousands of profes
sional and white collar men out of
work, and large numbers of farmers,
small tradesmen and proprietors have
been forced into bankruptcy where
they are unable to support themselves
in their usual occupations.
While the spending policies of the
Administration from 1933 through
1936 had agreat deal to do with the
measure of recovery which followed,
critics point out that once the pur
chasing power of the Government
was checked the recovery movement
ceased. Advocates of spending, how
ever, declare that it stopped too
"abruptly," and was pushed too high
by the payment of the soldiers' bonus
which the President opposed, and that
the ground gained was thrown away
by over-production and the control of
prices in 1937 when the Government
was trying to step out of the picture
gradually.
Anti-New Dealers insist that per
manent recovery can be had only
through the activity of private indus
try and assert that a change in Ad
ministration or the adoption of new
policies by the present Administra
tion, would point the way toward
prosperity. They continually demand
a "changed attitude" on the part of
the President, a real "breathing
spell" and the restoration of "confi
dence." This has been the argument1
since 1933 behind the cry "recovery I
before reform."
It was repeatedly asserted that the
nation's tax laws were largely re
sponsible for the upset in business
last Fall. Congress was told by
many business leaders that if it would
revise drastically the tax laws, recov
ery would begin. However, the con
gressional revision of the tax laws,
as repeatedly suggested, has been
followed by nothing to indicate that
this was the formula for curing the
troubles of American business.
The idea that the President, in
pressing his reforms, has done so at
the cost of recovery is another wide
ly advanced theory for business's
troubles. " For this reason there have
been repeated efforts to persuade the
President-to. "stimulate confidence."
This, it is said, is to be accomplished
by hie giving up radical or experi
mental measures, taking the Govern
ment out of competition with busi
, ,nesa, and otherwise giving private
-initiative a free hand. The reader
may have asked himself the question,
whether,: in .fact, there is basis for
the belief that the President stands
between the nation end recovery.
Recently, Erwin D. Canham, Wash
ingten newspaper: writer, compared
, the industrial curve of the -past few
years witk-what might; becallei the
rr Vsrfrrt"ncttm -and national McnW
to dfap flf Jnm Wionfinwd
until August, ja&7.Yetrhereporta,
in 1935, Congress was generally obed
ient to the President and Mr. Roose
velt was in an experimental mood. V t
Even the holding company bill, with'
-.its death-sentence clause, did not stop
.;: the rise in 1935. Congress .continued
its "leftist" work but the market and
,the national Income increased in 1936;
; although the President was pursuing
bold policies" in' the , midst of na
tionat political campaign. 'Recovery
'' had reached its pinnacle in 1937, at
-the time .that ..the -President' Was
launching his drive on the Supreme
, : Court, and urging his, executive reor
ganization plan.." df
The record goes .further: ' It shows
that when the President was defeated
en his court bill, recovery and the
: market broke, too. , Last , Autumn,
One picture which ought to be in
teresting to the people of theUnited
States s that of John L. Lewis,
leader of the Committee for Indus
trial Organization, sitting in the ofice
of the Speaker of the House or Re
presentatives, to which came repre
sentatives to consult with Mr. Lewis,
who was there for the purpose of at
tempting to put over the "black list"
bill, intended to give the Secretary
of Labor power to put on a black list
the names of employees who disobey
ed orders of the National Labor Re
lations -Board and therefore, make
them ineligible to handle Government
contracts.
It should also be interesting to the
voters of the limited States and par
ticularly to those who advocate
economy and look to the establish
ment of a balanced budget, to witness
the spectacle of both houses of Con
gress rushing through, at the last
minute, spending bills which did not
have the approval of the President
This is another demonstration of the
statement often made that whatever
economy is put into effect in the
Federal Government will have to be
forced upon Congress by the Chief
Executive, whoever he may happen
to be. It is to the benefit of each
congressman to get as much money
spent in his district as possible, and
only the President has an interest in
protecting public fusrts. This obser
vation, the reader should understand,
applies not only to the present Ad
ministration but to future presidents
as well.
It is distinctly worth reporting that
President Roosevelt, in regaining
control of Congress during the mid
dle of its second term, and during the
depression, has accomplished some
thing that other second-term presi
dents have found practically impossi
ble. In the last few months, the re
port was spread throughout the coun
try that the Congress was regaining
its independence and taking charge
of legislation. It is true that the re
organization bill was defeated, but it
seems equally true that congressmen,
for some reason, gave the President
much better support towards the last
part of the session. It would seem,
ordinarily that a President, defeated
on taxes, wages-and-hours, the Su
preme Court, and reorganization,
would find his political power and
prestige shot to pieces.
Another observation, apparently
warranted by the failure of Congress
to do anything as far as the railways
of the country are concerned, is the
probability of a special session of
Congress this Fall. The carriers are
in a desperate financial condition and
many of them are expected to go into
receiverships or bankruptcy proceed
ings unless business picks up tre
mendously, more quickly than anyone
expects. The railway problem has
been before the country, off and on,
for many years. That some basic
solution is necessary in order to put
the transportation industry in sound
shape is apparent, but just what the
solution will be or how it will be ac
comphshed, remains a puzzle. Some
months ago, when Congress was as
serting its independence, the Presi
dent practically dumped the railway
prooiem into the lap of Congress.
His. action in submitting various data
and reports to Congress without re
commendations, was considered a
reply to rebucs at the hands of the
Congress.
Early tabulation of the appropria
tions authorized by Congress indi
cate that something more than
twelve billion c dollars . were made
available Jbr ordinary ' Government
purposes .and. the spendfng-tending
program. 'This sum " compares with
i,30M74,atj ppropriate!:.nt'ip37
nd 110,560,833465 1936VwluWwa8
he!previdus peaceiliimf reeorAW
Among the f actors responsible' f or
tnese appropriations was the business
depression, our international situa
tion and the expansion of the Social
Security;? program: ; Forthe flnt
time since the World War,, -'our ap
propriations i for . defense V went over
the billion-dollar ' mark, s with $459,
401,254 for the Army, and ? 546,866,
494 for the Navy. The Social Secur
ity program required ' billion.. In
dependent agencies received almost a
billion and a half dollars. . Practical
ly the same amount--went to the
Treasury-Post Office Departments and
Public Works got almost $3,000,000,-
ooo. w ' 'i ) j. .
1 While' the Agricultural Depart
ment's appropriation bill, carrying
amounts for activities designed - to
help farmers, aggregated only about
three-quarters of a billion dollars, the
total will exceed the billion-dollai
mark if we include additional expo-
ditures in behalf of farmers, which
are not included in the total.
It should also be reported, in any
general round-up of the present year,
that the Supreme Court during the
1937-38 term, has given a broad,
rather than a strjet, interpretation to
constitutional mattersr In a number
of cases, it has broken endless pre
cedents, one of which reached back
nearly one hundred years, and during
the term it did not render a single
decision adverse to the Administration
involving basic New Deal objectives.
When the Court convened last
Fall, national attention was centered
upon it as a result of the Roosevelt
reorganization fight. While the
Court had adopted a Liberal trend
during the controversy over the pro-
posalj few people were entirely per-
suadWthlt'this J would.be ..lasting.
However the term just concluded
demonstrates that the Conservative
era that found expression in a series
of New Deal defeats in 1934, 1935
and 1936, has come to en end.
One of the most interesting con
elusions drawn from the decisions of
the Court is that they point to the
elimination of tax-exempted bonds
and salaries without the obstacle of
a constitutional amendment. Ac
entirely, and whether this is the case
or not, there is considerable differ
ence of opinion. Anyway, the dis
cussion of the. subject is certain to
focus public attention upon such ex
penditures and thus tend to eliminate,
or reduce very much any tendency to
make political capital out of relief.
WHITESTON NEWS
cording to some legal observers, the
next thirty years should see the
growth of considerable new constitu
tional law, that is, based upon the
interpretations of the justices as they
attempt to apply the statutes and the
constitution to modern conditions.
Another question that looms in the
foreground is the use of relief funds
to aid the fortunes of candidates in
various states. That some political
benefit is inevitable when officials
spend vast Bums of money, is admit
ted by practically everybody. The
deliberate intention, however, to use
relief funds for the advancement of
Mrs. Bob Lee Carver and her son,
Charles, of Williamston, visited Mr.
and Mrs. Rossie Baker last week, and
attended the Carver family reunion
Sunday.
Mrs. J. C. Baker, Mrs. Walter Dail,
Rebecca Dail and Russell Baker vis
ited relatives in South Mills Sunday.
Mrs. DeWitt Winslow, Lena, Edna
and Burnette Winslow visited Mr. and
Mrs.. Archie Layden, near Suffolk,
Va., Sunday.
Mr. and Mrs. Linford Winslow and
daughters, Adalia and Mary Leland,
of Belvidere, were guests of Mrs.
Winslow's sister, Mrs. Wallace Baker,
and Mr. Baker on Sunday.
Miss Minnie Wilma Wood, of Hert
ford, spent several days last week
with Miss Esther Mae White.
Mr. and Mrs. C. T. Winslow and
family spent Sunday in Norfolk, Va.,
with their daughter, Mrs. Earle Culli
pher, and Mr. Cullipher. Mrs. Wins
low remained for a two weeks' visit
with her daughter.
Mr. and Mrs. C. E. Winslow, Ben
nie Winslow and children and Miss
Mary Winslow visited Mrs. Sallie
Stallings, at Acorn Hill, on Sunday.
Dinner guests of Mr. and Mrs. A.
N. Winslow on Sunday were: Rev.
and Mrs. R. E. Walston, of Center
Hill; Mr. and Mrs. Lindsey Winslow
and daughter, Betty Jean, of Hert
ford. Mrs. Walter Dail and daughter,
Rebecca, of Murfreesboro, are spend
ing two weeks with Mrs. Dail's par
ents, Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Baker.
Miss Annie Winslow, who under-
Hospital, Norfolk, Va., is reported to
be getting along nicely.
Miss Delia Winslow is visiting her
brothers, Asa and Edward Winslow,
in Norfolk, Va.
Week-end visitors in the home of
J. Calvin Winslow were his 6ons,
Irvin Winslow and family, of Rocky
Mount, and Ernest C. Winslow and
family, of Drivers, Va., Mrs. James
Raby and children, of Elizabeth City,
Mr. and Mrs. Walter Humphlett, of
Winfall, Mr. and Mrs. Irvin White
and children, of Hertford, Mr. and
Mrs. Sammie Winslow, of Belvidere,
Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Winslow, of
Belvidere.
Mrs. Joseph Winslow and children,
Lelia Lee and Marshall, and Miss
Frances Rogerson,. of Bagley Swamp,
visited Mrs. Winslow's mother, Mrs.
Eugene Winslow, recently.
Mr. and Mrs. Arba Winslow andi
Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Winslow visited
Mr. and Mrs. Ellis Stallings, at
.Sandy Cross, Sunday.
IN MEMORIAM
In loving memory of our deaf
grandmother, Amelia A. Winslow,
who died seven weeks ago today.
It was the thirteenth day of May
That our grandmother was taken
away.
God has taken her to Heaven ,
To be ah angel there.
No more sorrow or sickness
She will ever have to bear.
The stars watch over her grave all
night.
A dear one has left us
Though we loved her with all ouf
might.
It is lonely here without jou.
We miss your voice and sniffing rare
too.
-We hope to meet you bye and bye,
In your home up in the sky.
By her granddaughters, Mavis
Winslow and Marie Spivey;
NO MISTAKE ABOUT IT-CAMEL BUYS THE
FINER TOBACCO. THE PRICES THEY WY TO
6ET IT PROVES WHAT I SAY. WHY, TIME AFTER
TIME THEY'VE PAID ME MORE FOR MY
CHOICE LOTS. THEY WO LAST SEASOM TOO.
IVE SMOKED CAMELS EVER SINCE I LEARNED
TO GRADE TOBACCO. MEN WHO ROW
.TOBACCO 'MOST ALWAYS 60 FOR CAMELS
MARVIN L SPEIGHT know
tobacco bacauaa ho arowa It
YOU can't tell the men who grow tobtcco that H cigarette
arc alike. Year after year, grower! like Mr. Speight have seen
Camel Day more to get the best lots of their crops. And because
they kno J Camel uses CHOICER, MORE EXPENSIVE TOBAC
COS, they say: "We smoke Camels because we know finer
tobaccos make finer smoking.'' Try Camels yourself and see!
certain candidates is another matter went a major operation at General
nilfft atlAlfI! fAfVEI TOBACCO
WC 9fIVItC VHIMSW PLANTERS
BECAUSE WE KNOW TOBACCO" s"
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