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Breakinc; OL Drug Mabit
Can Ca r Frustrating Job
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SAN FRANCISCO
Why cant we solve the drug
'problem? -Mb.'
It's somehow a frustrated si
lent-majority middle-America
question.
A youth in a free clinic
Seattle replies: "What prob
lem?".
A doctor treating addicts in
San Francisco ponders a mo
ment and murmurs, "That's
good question." v
a drug cop in Washington says
defensively, "law enforcement
' can't do the whole job. But we've
made a lot of progress in the last
two years."
And a parent in New York
persists", "Why can't we solve the
curug proDiemT"
The drug problem. Tintype vi
sions of Oriental opium dens, or
young American kids with their
backs flat up against a wall and
their , heads nodding, or dark
rooms and dirty needles, or ado
lescents" with a dance in their
eyes, a faster dance then usuaL
Or the up and down escalator of
the mind, or the exciting kid in
school who gives bad habits a
good name. A kaleidoscope of
misconceptions and realities,
one worse than the other.
Not a bad question: Why can't
we solve the drug problem?
We are solving the drug prob
lem, but there are no easy an
swers.
Only the frustration of realiz
ing that you cannot have a cop on
every street corner, you cannot
stamp out every opium poppy in
the world, you cannot open every
package or frisk every tourist or
search every ship and plane that
comes to the United States. You
cannot put the heel to the throat
of every youngster who tries
marijuana.
It took a long time for drugs to
become everybody's problem.
Drugs were a buried sin, hidden
in the Negro ghetto, the beatnik
haven. They suddenly exploded
on middle class America. "Why
now the big rage about drugs?"
a federal attorney. "Is it
(because u s come trom one side
of the tracks over to the other
side? Instead of being in Harlem,
it's now on Park Avenue and
Miami, New York,- Seattle,
Phoenix, .Washington and this
hilly addict-haven comes a ge
nerality: The drug problem is
Vista Jay. People are reallyJng solved, slowly, ever so
jammed up about it now because,
their kids are involved ... Where
the hell were they IS years ago?"
Actually, explains Raymond?
Enrighl, an assistant chief of the
bureau s enforcement division,
the United States had a drug
problem in the early 1900s,
Nearly every patent medicine
and elixir contained something
for the soul. Cures all your ills
from rheumatism to cancer,
makes you a new man. More di
rect than today's sales pitch, but,
then, it was a young country in
1913. A federal survey estimated
quarter million addicts in a
nation of 100 million. That was
hard drugs, opiates, real nar
cotics. v;;-v;-:;V.''..i
Most of it came from legiti
mate supplies. In 1914 the United
States Congress passed the
Harris Act clamping controls on
narcotics. Three years later the
nation also prohibited alcoholic
beverages.
In 1933 the nation repealed al
coholic prohibition. Today there
are an estimated six million al
coholics in a nation of 200 million.
Many began drinking during
prohibition.
The all-time low in drug ad
diction came during and after
World War II. But by 1950 the
aimless society was producing a
growing number of heroin users,
and marijuana's allure was
finding its way out of the confines
of the ghetto.
At the same time tranquilizers
like Miltown joined aspirin in
common v e as much of the adult
society looked for peace in a pill.
That set the stage.' Pills, bar-
bituates, pep pills, mind-benders
exploded on the children of the
50s as they matured into the
hippies and high school students
of the '60s.
Why can't we solve the dnis
problem? Look how long it took
10 create it.
Yet, from places as diverse as
slowly. There is real tangible
hope where there was none.
There is optimism where there
was despair. It has been a long
time coming. It has a long way to
go. But the remedy is in the
making.
"I think we're going to see a
peak, or .we've already seen it, in
drug usage and in the contro
versy," says a lawyer for the
Bureau of Narcotics and Dan
gerous Drugs.
Says an exoert at the National
Institute of Mental Health: "The
real progress will come in the
1980s. The 1970s will be the action
decade, cementing what we have
discovered in the 1960s."
The experts sum it up this
way:
For the first time, through
education, there is a new gener
ation of kids coming up who are
wise on drugs, wary of drug use
and abuse. In some schools, says
NIMH, there is evidence that
marijuana use has crested.
There is also evidence that na
tionwide the use of hallucinogens
like LSD, and dangerous
stimulants are declining
The new drug law focuses on
the sellers. It reduces the penalty
for simple possession of
marijuana to a misdemeanor,
marked down from a felony.
Many states will follow. Too of
ten courts have rebelled at
throwing a 10-year sentence at a
kid for blowing pot, says a fed
eral lawyer. The new 30-day
penalty is more likely to be used,
It fits the crime.
There is a calculated risk:
that as a misdemeanor the tend
ency will be to ignore private
marijuana use or casual experi
mentation unless it is flaunted
publicly. It raises the question:
does the new law only provide a
more realistic penalty, or does it
moderate the prohibition?
'Southern Hcivi LI:::-
.1
They catch birds with
horse's tail, and shoot fish
with a dart. - , 11
Arabs to the core they ride not
camels put graceful reed boats
snd live surrounded by water not
sand,; bb-br '1bb;-:';',
They are the marsh Arabs of
southern Iraq, an unusual breed.
They dress like desert Arabs.
with flowint robes and che
quered headcloths held in place
with two strands of black rope;
but live in-a soggy marshland
covering about 6,000 : square
miles. '
The marshes of southern Iraq
re fed by the floodwaters of the
Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
They extend from about 100
miles south of Baghdad for 200
miles down to Basra at the head
of the Persian Gulf. No one
knows exactly how many Arabs
live in the marshlands, but the
area has been a sanctuary from
oppression for centuries.
' Mesopotamia the land be
tween the two rivers has seen
more than half a dozen civ
ilizations since the beginning of
recorded time. As one succeeded
the other, each with its share of
harshness and deprivation, refu
gees fled into the trackless
marshes by the thousands. . '
The Arabs were the last to
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NO CAMELS The marsh Arabs of southern Iraq don't ride camels but graceful reed boats
- instead. They live surrounded by water, not sand. At left, an Arab family stands outside of its
' reed hut. At right tire tourist cabanas made of reeds'.
... j 1
conquer Mesopotamia : mou-ern-day
Iraq and they left the
deepest imprint, me reiugees in
the marshes adopted Arab ways,
the Islamic religion, and the
Arabic language.
; They live in villages of reed
huts, fishing and hunting during
the flood, farming the land in the
dry season. It is a way of life thut
has remained basically un
changed for centuries.
The marshes abound with hun
dreds of wild boar and thousands
of; migratory birds like ducks,
cormorants, herons and geese.
The water is thick with fish for
most of the year. .
. The marsh Arabs have devel
oped unusual if efficient ways of
catching their prey. 1
To catch birds, a horse's tail is
spread on the ground and cov
ered with grain. The birds come
to feed; peck about and soon
their legs are so entangled in the
hair that they cannot fly. -. ',,
Fishermen use nets in the
deeper stretches of water. But
another way of doing it is with a
small dart attached by a string to
the fisherman's wrist As still as
a rock, the fisherman observes
his target in the shallow water
ways. A sudden lunge, a tug, ar
a wriggling fish emerges neatL
speared through the middle.
The marsh Arabs have evolved
an architectural style that is
.unique in the Middle East. 4,
A typical hut is built of reeds
on a base packed , with : mud,
papyrus plants and reeds. The !
hut and its base is attached with I
ropes to four palm trees- planted '
near each corner. When t!.;
floodwaters come, the house
floats but does not drift away,
, Entire villages are built in this
fashion, connected by narrow
waterways plied by reed canoes
that can be as long as 30 feet.
Village meeting houses are'
masterpieces of, Gothic-looking
rches, latticework windows and
spacious interiors all done
with reeds. '
The way of life of the msrsh
Arabs has given them particular
social customs. Married couples,
for instance, do not wear wed
ding rings. Instead, the husband
wears one of hit wife's dresses
over his own cloak before going
out to fish or hunt.
"This means that the man is
married and tired of other wom
en," explained a village headf
man. "It means that he considers
his wife to be the most beautiful
of all."
PERQUIMANS COUNTY BUDGET
FOR FISCAL YEAR 1971 - 1972
Appropriated for
Requirements
FUND
GENERAL FUND $ 156,753
Extension Service, Veterans Administration, Fire .
Dept, Conservation, County Accountant, Rescue Squad .... 47,295
Solid Waste, Health, Blind, Building Repair, Library 74,768
CAPITAL OUTLAY (General) .'. v 96,450
POOR FUND 11,117
DEBT SERVICE 47,588
GENERAL SCHOOL FUND 209,300
SCHOOL SUPPLEMENT FUND ;.. 54,200
CAPITAL OUTLAY (Schools) I, .. 31,300
SOCIAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION. 52,171
AID, to the AGED w 102,240
AID to FAMILIES OF DEPT. CHILDREN 158,400
AID to the DISABLED
REVALUATION RESERVE FUND
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
COURT FACILITIES FUND
SURPLUS FOOD PROGRAM
86,400
3,550
13,437
2,000
. 6,683
TOTALS $1,153,652
Anticipated from
Sources Other Than Amount ,,; .,
Ad Valorem
$107,753 49,000 20
10,545 36,750 .15
28,218 46,550 . 19
47,450 49,000 . 20
3,767 7,350 . 03
47,588 None . 00
106,400 102,900 42
5,200 49,000 . 20
6,800 24,500 10
36,246 15,925 .065
94,890 7,350 . 03
146,150 12,250 05
80,275 6,125 .025
1,100 2,450 . 01
6,087 7,350 . 03
2,000 None . 00
6,683 None . 00
$737,152 $416,500 $1.70
(a)
GENERAL FUND:
Intangible Tax ......'$ '4,000
State & County Beer & Wine Taxes .................. 14,200
State &C
. , 1 -i. . " f ? ' , . " .- I . " '- S -V ';'
ii :'1.-:V''' .'' "..V.v -'v-Y"' .' '' . -? fy. ;". ' ' ' '.'"
Marriage Licenses 175 u
Interest ;..;. f..... ' 1,200 ,
Delinquent Taxes 5,000
Surplus ... 51,007 .
Tax Commissions - 13,000 '
Fees , 8,700
Rents ., 1,140
Refunds 8,094
Local Sales Tax 40,000'
(e) GENERAL SCHOOL FUND:
, Refunds .. 47,000
Miscellaneous Taxes 5,500
Fines and Forfeitures 14,000
Transfer of Funds If500
Surplus 20,000
ABC Funds 12,000
Other Receipts 6.400
TOTAL ............................ $106,400
TOTAL
$146,516
(f) SCHOOL SUPPLEMENT FUND:
Intangible Taxes ..........................
Surplus
1,200
4,000
(b) CAPITAL OUTLAY (GEN.) ,
Contribution from General Fund 47,450
TOTAL $ 47,450
'v;.,t.;a-.,,f:Y:; v, Y Y : ' - .v j.,; ' ; l
(c) POOR FUND;
Refunds J ......... 500
. ' Rents .: ; . 800
' ( Surplus .... ... 1.617
t Interest ..............;;...:.................................. . 100
PoUTax .. .....- 250
1 Intangible Tax . 500
TOTAL ..... : $ 3,767
TOTAL $ 5,200
(g) CAPITAL OUTLAY (Schools):
Surplus Funds .. ....... , 6.000
f ntanmVilp Tav 800
. "!."'' - .
TOTAL $ 6,800
(h) WELFARE ADMINISTRATION .
State & Federal Aid . , 34,602
Surplus ......................................................... : 1,644
(d) DEBT SERVICE:
Intangible Taxes
Surplus
Delinquent Taxes ..
......M...........MMM.M" '
TOTAL ......
1,300
4,000
33,203
4.C00
. , TOTAL
(0 State & Federal Aid and Surplus ...
(j) State & Federal Aid and Surplus .,
(k) State & Federal Aid and Surplus
(1) Revalust Ion Reserve Interest
(m) Inductrld Development Fund Surplus
(n) COU?TFAaUTIESFUND:
Fees
t 36,246
94,890'
145,150
80,275
1.1C0
! 6.C37
2,000
$ 47,
(o) State Aid
TOTAL
$
$
2.CC0
6,683
Estimated Property. Valuation f cr Tex Purposes $24,500,000
Adc::lcc;ycft:
r r:-?- -1 t".'jet may be seen in the
1 - r c f D zz Is in the Courthouse. ,
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