PAGE 4
THE TRIBUNAL AID
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 13,1973
You’re A Part Of The Solution, Or You’re A Part Of The Problem ’
The
:
Pointer
by Albert
A. Campbell
Meeting a
Deadline
DURHAM, N.C. — North
Carolina Central llniversitj'
has received a $3,000 un
restricted grant from Union
Carbide Corp. tlirough War
ren E. Lux, its manager of
university relation^. Chan
cellor, Albert N. Whiting,
said the grant will be used
“largely for faculty devel
opment and our university
honors program.”
ELIZABETH CITY, N.C.
— Chancellor Ms-rion D.
Thorpe, of Elizabeth City
State University, announced
that contributions to the An-
n u a 1 Fund-Raising Cam
paign continued on the up
ward swing, especially dur
ing the April 27 - May 14
period, through a $3,000
Alumni Association gift.
Total alumni contributions
exceeded $5,000 during the
period.
JACKSON, Miss. -
Twenty-six departments at
.Jackson State College are
offering more than 500
course offerings for two
. f i V e-week undergraduate
sessions and one eight-week
graduate session of summer
school at the college. Out-of-
state and activity fees have
been waived for the season.
Registration for the second
undergraduate session will
be Aug. 11 and classes will
begin Aug. 12.
SPRINGFIELD, Mass. —
Springfield College, located
in this western Massachu
setts city, has conferred the
honorary degree of Doctpr
of Humanics upon Roy Wil
kins.
The degree conferred
upon the NAACP leader at
commencement exercises
here, cited his contributions
to the struggle for human
rights.
More than a score of hon
orary degrees have been
conferred upon Wilkins by
various colleges and univer-
' sities during the past sev
eral yeara.
DOVER. Del. - Grants,
totaling $45,907. have been
awarded by the National
Science Foundation in coop
eration with DuPont Com
pany and the state, to Dela
ware State College through
the Del-Mod System for Sci
ence Education.
THE TRIBUNAL AID
Published Every Wednesday By Tri-Ad Publications. Inc.,
P.O. Box 921 Hieh Point, N.C. 27261
Telephone 919-882-3744
Mail Subscription Rate $6.00 per year, Payable In Advance
(.Add 4% N.C. Sales Tax)
ALBERT A. CAMPBELL, MANAGING EDITOR
Time is the one element we must all learn to
respect and cherish. It has no preference, and waits
for no one. When lost, it can never be regained.
While working with so many different persons and
groups, I have found that time, properly used is my
most precious commodity. I have learned to use it to
my best advantage and eventually gain the resulting
rewards. Likewise, I have witnessed the misuse of
time and gained nothing. On the other hand, working
with people who respect your time as well as their
own can be a tremendous pleasure. While this is ture,
the opposite can be most frustrating.
Setting up a newspaper and preparing it for the
press is no exception. But obviously, many people fail
to realize the importance of a schedule and a
deadline.
Now let me explain at this point before I go any
further, because I wish not to offend anyone. This
newspaper welcomes all printable news received in
adequate time. This newspaper will happily print
whatever news it receives on a first come first served
basis provided space is available. So please do not
confuse the two.
So very very often persons will discover something
that they feel should be in that week’s paper and
proceed to get it published. This is all well and good,
if time permits. However, when ever material reaches
the paper too late to be published in that particular
issue, nothing can be done to bring about the desires
of the writer. If the material is not a dated article,
you can rest assured that it will be published in the
next issue. But when it is a dated article, and can only
be used in that week’s paper then it will not appear.
The actions necessary to affect a prompt program are
not intended to harass potential news suppliers, but
simply to meet the necessary deadline.
I would like to see all news printed sent to this
newspaper, and will happily do so when space is
provided. As I stated in the first edition of this paper,
we will cater to no one because we owe no one. And
like the slogan on our banner, just below the name,
THE TRIBUNAL, service to all.
With this in mind, I would hke to appeal to the
readers of this newspaper! Give us a chance, and we’ll
serve you. Help us to help you.
Welcome To The Club, Sister
?opREPRESENTA.Tiy^
y—
REP ’K/ "5*^^ /Ilf^
O jORMN 1^ /^BUKKE
ROY WILKINS
COLUMN
Reading, A B Cs Too
One of the problems that
faces big city parents of both
races is the failure of school
children to read. A popular
book is “Why Johnny Can’t
Read?” Several years ago
some medical schools, finding
that their first year students
(mostly white) could not
muster enough English to
express themselves in themes
necessary to their medical
studies, required them to
attend courses in elementary
English.
Now, out of New York
City’s schools, it has been
found that two, one in
Brooklyn and one in Queens,
both nearly all-black, have
more than 50 per cent of
their pupils reading above the
national norm. New York and
many other cities across the
country have had dismal
pupil reading scores. At one
time the suburban schools,
nearly all-white, had such
good reading scores that even
the most rabid pro-blacks
were in despair.
They just did not believe
that color could be at fault,
yet the Negro children didn’t
seem to be able to cut the
mustard. The story was the
same for the Far West, the
Middle West, and the East,
and many places in the
South.
Black kids, not fully aware
of the dreadful effect their
failures were having on race
relations, simply would not
cooperate. They occupied
themselves with the race
problem instead of using the
schools to get an education.
Brooklyn’s P.S. 91 is in the
Crown Heights section where
poverty abounds. Not only
are the people poor, but
inspiration and motivation
from the home environment
are sadly lacking. The school
building itself is old and
crowded. But the handicaps
of an aged building, ghetto
children (80 per cent black
and 9 per cent Puerto
Rican)), family background
and ghetto community life
did not discourage Principal
Martin Shor and his teachers.
They pitched in and began
teaching the children to read
in the kindergarten. Principal
Shor has a tight organization
and requires reports on
reading from every teacher.
Teaching personnel is shifted
to make smaller classes so
that almost individual
attention can be given to
pupils. Disruptive children are
confined to one class. The
teachers have made the
difference.
The other school with a
predominantly black
enrollment that exceeds the
national norm in reading is in
the Cambria Heights district
of Queens. P.S. 176 differs
from P.S. 91 in that most of
the families are in the middle
socio-economic range. The
home background is cited by
FROM THE ‘PARADE’
There has
always been
a place in
American
journalism for the small
newspaper which reports the
news of special interest
groups in a city. One of
those groups which has de
veloped a.thriving press
is the hlack community
which has fostered 208
newspapers, most of them
weeklies.
All hut two are owned
primarily hy hlacks, and
•of the 2324 employees of
the papers, about 10 per
cent are white; 116 of the
papers have no white em
ployees, according to a
recent survey done at
Harvard University. Black
dailies are published in
Hew York City, Columbus,
Ga., Chicago and Atlanta,
the study said.
With a total circulation
of 4.1 million, the papers
appear to have a rosy fu
ture thanks to the con
tinued growth of the
suburban special interest
press, which reports local
news but leaves big, na
tional stories to the major
dailies.
PIEDMONT
PROFILE
BY CECIL BUTLER
Get Involved Now
P.S. 176 teachers as a major
factor in the high level of
reading achievement.
Hundreds of Negro parents
turn out for functions and
meetings at P.S. 176. “The
pupils come with incentive
and motivation,” said one
teacher. Success is expected,
no matter what method is
used. Apparently there is
little or none of the
sentiment among teachers
that black kids cannot be
taught. Principal Saul Grant
insists on high expectations.
Despite the success of
these two schools, the general
attitude of scientists and
educators is pessimistic. They
see successes here and there,
but no massive movement
such as is required for a
comer-turning. They say the
low reading levels of black
and Hispanic children are
inevitable and they call the
problem insoluble. A very
few see the Negro child as
inherently inferior.
However, some principals
and teachers like those at P.S.
91 and P.S. 176 refuse to
throw up their hands and quit
trying to teach black
children. In the face of the
reports of so-called experts at
Harvard, Maryland and
Stockholm, they remain
unwilling to accept defeat.
For as long as there is a single
successful ghetto school, as at
P.S. 91, there is hope for a
defmite reversal.
At this time of budget hearings, one
must wonder how the taxes are being
spent and how priorities are set, also
how evaluations are made and how
errors are corrected. This kind of natural
thought process for business and
program people has always been to me
something that is second nature.
However, to my dismay, this is not the
procedure that is adhered to in every
case of spending the community’s taxes.
People have said to me time and time
again that they would not mind paying
more taxes if the quaUty of city services
were improved and solutions to
community problems were adequately
tackled, but I see here no really fruitful
procedure in establishing budgetary
priorities.
I feel the city government should be
concerned about the beautification and
cultural and historical functions in the
community. However, while a
foundation can put such things high on
their list of priorities, a municipality has
to take care of practical things by either
throwing the item off the Ust or putting
it very low as a priority. According to
information that I have gathered, the
city has no real data from research to
substantiate the kind of things they put
their money into, and they, therefore
later have no means of evaluating the
program. The budget though is printed
up for the community to see at City
Hall, and while visiting there, it would be
a good idea to sit in on a Board of
Aldermans session to see the city
officials in action.
It, seems to me that putting
$70,250.00 into the Arts Council, Old
Salem, and the Nature Science Center,
and $48,100 into historic Bethabara,
while putting only $35,000 to aid in
conquering alcholism is a balance that
leaves a large number of Winston-Salem
citizens on the short side of the deal.
While it is fine to remember and revere
the courageous heritage of the Moravian
founders of Winston-Salem, we must not
forget the city as it now exists. These
brave founders were in the forefront of
history as they led others to the freedom
of a new country, which freedom many
now enjoy. So also we must be in the
forefront of building a better city for all
citizens. Cities have the responsibility for
conditions that exist in the community,
and we can all enjoy the heritage of
Winston-Salem better if we do not have
to stay in constant fear of attack from
the alcohol or even worse, the drug
addict. Responsibihty for safety and
good living conditions belong to each of
us just as we may all enjoy the cultural.
and historical achievements of our city.
The question of good citizen
participation and honest government can
be a reaUty only if each citizen keeps a
careful watch upon the money by his
pubUc officials as well as the law made
by these officials. At this time in history
watching the news on TV is not enough.
We have to be much more active.
Telephoning the officials is O.K.,
however we must go in person to impress
upon them that the decisions
determining our life style in this
community are of great importance to
us. Most of the time we get what we
deserve and whether that is good or bad
is determined by our own commitment,
alertness and input.
Warm weather and lee!
When the weather warms up, make
sure your feet don’t do the same. If
the shoes you’re wearing do not have
the natural cooling properties of leath
er, they can become sweat-boxes as
temperatures rise. Synthetic footwear
now in the stores, lacking leather’s
porous construction, may trap mois
ture and heat inside shoes and thus
multiply foot discomfort.
The avalanche of synthetic shoes
which have been dumped on the mar
ket are the result of recent hide short
ages, reports Leather Industries of
America. Some of these plastic shoes
masquerade under leather-sounding
names, while others are called by pol
ysyllabic tongue-twisters. However,
after wearing, no synthetic can dis
guise the fact that it does not have
leather’s advantages as a shoe mate
rial.
To shoe away summer foot cares,
make sure ^ou slip your feet into cool
leather. Bem| an animal hide, leath
er has a built-in “air conditioning”
system of millions of tiny pores. This
natural construction of leather per
mits a continuous change of air inside
the shoe, while at the same time ab
sorbing foot moisture. Such breathing
action keeps feet dry, deters chafing
and blistering, and inhibits athlete's
foot by preventing the moist environ
ment needed for the growth of the
fugi.
Since U.S. Government regulations
call for labeling when synthetic mate
rials are used for shoe uppers, inner
soles, linings or outer soles, shoppers
are advised to check inside footwear
or under the vamp for such labels. If
the name of a plastic or the word
“manmade” appears, it is not a
leather shoe.
Choosing the right leather footwear
for a super summer should pose no
problem. You can take your place in
the sun in a variety of smart comfort
able styles. Look for strippy or wide-
strap sandals in smooth, waxy, glove,
•sueded and patent leathers, some
times set on slim platforms or lay
ered bottoms. Spectator pumps and
ties have made a stimning comeback
this year and are available in a range
of leathers and colors. Also afoot are
facky casual lace-ups and moccasins
in soft durable leathers.
When footwear is lined in' smooth
porous leather as well, hosiery will
not snag and shoes will slip on and off
wUh frictmnless ease.
Norbert Rillieux invented
the revolutionary multiple-
effect vacuum evaporation
process, refining sugar whi
ter and grainier. His tech
nique became the basic
manufacturing process in
many industries.
Riilieux was born free in
New Orleans, La. His fa
ther, Vincent Rillieux. was
a white engineer whose
father had invented such
a thing as a steam-operated
cotton-baling press. Since
Norbert was so bright, his
father sent him to school in
Paris.
Rillieux showed such abil
ity in engineering that he
became an instructor of ap
plied mechanics at L’Ecole
Centrale in Paris in 18"0.
That year, he published
outstanding scicntific
papers on ste.'sr.i enaines
and efficient use of steam.
He probably developed his
theory for his invention at
this time.
Heretofore, sugar was re-
fined by the “.laniaica
train” .process, which in
volved boiling sugar cane
juice in a series of open
vats, with slaves using long
ladles to transfer the boil
ing juices from one to an
other. Much w'as lost by
evaporation in this -slow.
HISTORY
cumbersome process that
left the sugar brownish and
lumpy. A “single-effect”
vacuum pan to boil sugar
solution to grain was devel
oped in 1812. Other in
ventors sought to devise a
multiple effect process to
reuse the latent heat from
the boiling process.
Rillieux’s genius found
the solution. He enclosed
condensing coils in a vacu
um chamber, using the'
Aapor from the first cham
ber to evaporate the juice
in a second vacuum cham
ber, and so on. Unable to
interest French machinery
manufacturers, he agreed
to be chief en'/ineer of a
new refinery Edmund For-
stall was building in New
Orleans, but quit shortly
because of a dispute be
tween hia father and For-
stall.
Rillieux tried to get a
wealthy free black planter
named Durnford in Plaque
mines Parish (County) to
try out his process, but he
refused. The first test of
the system was made with
a triple-effect evaporator
Rillieux built and installed
in 1834 on the Louisiana
plantation of Zenon Ramon.
For some reason, it failed,
as did another attempt in
1811.
But in 184,5 he succeeded
with machinery built to his
specifications by Merrick
and Tow ne of Philadelphia
and installed by him on
Theodore Packwood’s
Myrtle Grove Plantation
below New Orleans. For the
next decade, he traveled
from plantation to plan
tation installing his system,
•ludah P. Benjamin,' later
Confederate Secretary of
State, hart him install it on
his Louisiana plantation,
Bellechas; e.
Since .‘■ocial custom for
bade cn'ertaining this black
engineer at home, most
planter,^ apparently pro
vided him a special house
^^'ith a staif of slave ser
vants so that they and
nei'jhboring planters could
confer and dine with him
v.hile the installation pro
ceeded.
Rillieux also worlied out a
brilliant plan for draining
the lowlands of New Or
leans. But the influential
Forstall, .no\:' his enemy,
persuaded state legislators
and city aldermen not to
aw.nrd the project to Ril-