THE BETTER WE KNOW US ...
HIGH POINT - “The basic theme of my
life is prayer and my basic philosophy is
to put love at the base of everything that I
do for everyone.”
These words are attributable to this
week’s personality - The Rev. Dr.
Frazier L. Andrews.
A native of Mobile, Alabama, and a
graduate of Alabama State College (B.S.
degree). Rev. Andrews holds the Master
of Divinity degree (M. Div.)from Virginia
Union University’s School of Religion. To
further attest to his academic prowess he
has been the recipient of several Ford
Foundation grants and has studied at the
Urban Training Center, Chicago, Illinois.
The Rev. Dr. Andrews also holds
several Honorary Degrees. Among these
is a Doctor of Divinity degree lur nis
dedication to peace.
Considered a scholar by many. Rev.
Andrews is often requested to render his
expertise on the literary achievements of
others. The latest such request was made
by Exposition Press, Inc., publishers,
Hicksville, N.Y., relative to P.O.
Benskina's latest book. “1 Thank You,
Father". P.O. Benskina is the author of
“I Have Loved You Already”, “No
Longer Defeated and Other Poems”,
“The Inflammable Desire to Rebel”.
Rev, Andrews' critique of “1 Thank You,
father” was printed, in part, on the
promotional material distributed by the
publishing house.
“Doc”, which he is affectionately
By J.M. White
called sometimes, is the pastor of the
First Baptist Church located at
Washington Drive at Hobson. During his
tenure as pastor (8 years) of High Point's
oldest Black church, he has spearheaded
the recent purchase of a fifteen-acre tract
of land as the site of a new First Baptist
Church edifice.
It has been said that ministers are
teachers, lawyers, social workers,
philosophers, entertainers and salesmen.
They visit the sick, marry people, bury
the dead and console those who sorrow.
They plan programs, appoint commit
tees, prepare sermons and preach. Then
they smile when someone says “What a
job - one day a week!”
This week's personality does all of the
aforementioned activities for his large
congregation--and more. He serves as
president of the Ministers' Conference of
High Point and Vicinity; chairman of the
High Point Business Development
Corporation; president of Brentwood
Shopping Center; member of the Legal
Aid Board and Family Service Bureau;
co-sponsor of London Woods Develop
ment (a low-middle income housing
development); treasurer of High Point
Church Housing Incorporated; founder
and president of Antil Enterprises, Inc.;
member of Head Start Policy Council
Board. Guilford County; member of
ESAA Advisory Committee, High Point
~ity Schools; member of the American
Continued on Page 3
f,
THE TRIBUNAL AID
A VIABLE, VALID REQUIREMENT
RESPONDING TO
BLACK NORTH CAROLINA
VOLUME III, NO. 37
WKDNESDaY, FEBRUAKY 4,1976
$5.00 PER YEAR
20 CENTS PRESS RUN 8,500
MEMBER: North Carolina Black Publishers Association — North Carolina Press Association, Inc.
oooooooooooooooooooooo^ ho
BICENTENNIAL
BLACK HISTORY
“Lost-Strayed-Or Stolen ”
Extracted From
THE NEGRO ALMANAC
by Fay Ashe
^ ^OCSOOCOPOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO^ ^
The 1976 Editions of THE TRIBUNAL AID
will be dedicated to America’s bicentennial
Celebration, with emphasis on contributions
our Race has made in the making of America,
&om birth to the present.
In 1976 there should not be a need to lift
these contributions from isolated sources. Our
past should be interwoven into the fabric of
our civilization, because we are, except for the
Indian, America’s oldest ethnic minority.
We have helped make America what it was,
and what It Is, since the founding of Virginia.
We have been a factor In man;^ major issues In
our history. There have been many misdeeds
Fay Ashe, Black
against us, yet we have been able to live
through them and fight back. This is living
proof of our history.
Our role In the making of America Is neither
well known or correctly known. Many positive
contributions have escaped historians and
have not found their way into the pages of
History Editor
many history books.
We will strive to give readers. Black and
white, many little-known facts about our past
and it is hoped that a proper perspective of our
history will be of value to persons who may
believe that as Black People we have an
unworthy past; and hence, no strong claims to
all rights of other Americans.
1878-1905 Tke Post-Reconstruction Period
The Post-Reconstruction
period was one of the msot
active periods ' in Black
History Blacks in the South
Black history In the Western Hemisphere most
probably begins with the discovery of the New World
by Christopher Colambns In 1942. Blacks are known to
have participated meaningfully in a number of later
explorations made by Europeans in various parts of the
United States and Spanish America. Facts such as
these at once fashion a new dimension for Black history
within the mainstream of American history. Inasmuch
as one of the primary purposes of this feature is to
record some historical achievements of the Black, It
l>eco{me8 most Important to offer the reader
chronological acconnts through which he can
conveniently familiarize himself with the broad sweep
of American Black history. The years covered here are
1492-1954.
1775: Philadelphia
General George Wash
ington, originally opposed
to the enlistment of Blacks
is alarmed by the response
to the Dunmore proclama
tion, and orders recruiting
officers to accept free
Blacks for service. The
Continental Congress later
approves Washington’s ac
tion.
1776: Philadelphia
Adoption of the amended
form of the Declaration of
Independence, which elim
inates the Jefferson propo
sal denouncing slavery.
and North seriously chal
lenged the Nations’ New
Political and Economic
Priorities. Many Black
organizations were formed
and one proposal after
another was made for
redress of wrongs. From
Black individuals, Black
organizations, conventions
and Black Newspapers
came various schemes for
migration and emigration,
plans for schools of all
kinds, strategies for deal
ing with terror in the South
and suggestions for form
ing Labor Unions. These
and other measures were
taken to battle White
oppression in the South.
In 1878 Ferdinard Lee
Barnett, editor of the
CONSERVOR, a Chicago
Newspaper demanded that
the word Negro no longer
be spelled with a small n -
He said “This breach of
orthography is the White
man’s mark of disrespect.”
For many Blacks migra
tion seemed to be the only
answer to oppression and
harshness. The late 1870’s,
was the beginning of the
first large upheaval of
Blacks. Thousands of Black
families moved from one
part of the South to
inother; from plantations
to cities; from bad States to
better States; and from
worn-out lands to richer
lands.
There were many small
movements of Blacks,
especially COWBOYS, who
had roamed the Texan
Black Congressmen From N. C.
Historical Landmarks
Of Black America
Extracted From
THE NEGRO ALMANAC
by Fay Ashe
No more substantial testimony to the role of the Black
in the growth and development of America can be
found than the numerous historical landmarks in
various regions of the country which are associated with
Black Americana. Many of these-like the Alamo and
Bunker Hili-are not conventionally known as sites
involving chapters of Negro history.
ARIZONA, Fort Apache:
“Old Fort Apache’’
Another fort at which
black units served during
the Indian Wars. The
punitive expedition led by
John Pershing in search of
Pancho Villa originated at
this point, the 10th Cavalry
in the vanguard. This unit
was stationed at the fort
beginning in 1913, after
having seen service in Cuba
and the Philippines.
ARIZONA, Fort Thomas:
“Camp Thomas”
This camp was a base of
operations from which both
Black cavalry units operat
ed in tbeir mission to keep
peace among the Apache
tribes. One Black, Sergeant
William McBryar, won the
Congressional Medal of
Honor for demonstrating
“coolness” and “bravery”
under combat stress during
the pursuit of a renegade
Apache.
* * *
BIBLIOGRAPRy
Drotning, Phillip T. A
Guide to Negro History in
America New York: Dou
bleday and Company, 1968
Katz, William Loren
Eyewitness: The Negro in
America New York: Pitt
man Publishing Corpora
tion 1967
Ploski, Harry A. Phe
Kaiser, Ernest The Negro;
Alamanac New York: Bel-
luether. Company
JOHN A. HYMAN
U.S. Congressman
from North Carolina
The first Black to
represent the state of North
Carolina in the U.S.
Congress was John A.
Hyman.
Born a slave on July 23,
1840 near Warrenton,
North Carolina, Hyman was
sold and sent to Alabama
where he was forced to
remain until the end of the
Civil War.
In 1868, Hyman, who
was self-educated, made
his first entry into politics
by participating in the
Constitutional Convention
of North Carolina. Soon
thereafter, he was selected
to the state legislature and
served there for six years.
In 1875, he won a seat in
Congress, but was not
re-elected. He remained in
Washington, D.C. in a
minor post with the
Revenue Service until his
death on September 14,
1891.
JAMES E. O’HARA
U.S. Congressman from
North Carolina
(1883-1887)
Born in New York City on
February 26, 1844, James
E. O’Hara first came to
public office as an
engrossing clerk for the
North Carolina constitu
tional convention. He then
served a single term in the
state legislature before
going on to study law at
Howard University. Admit
ted to the bar in 1873, he
became one of six Negro
delegates to the state
constitutional convention
two years later.
O’Hara first ran for
Congress in 1878, but the
seat was awarded to his
adversary, William Hodges
Kitchin. In 1882, however,
he was successful - winning
by a substantial majority.
Like most other Black
Reconstruction Congress
men, O’Hara placed the
civil rights issue in the
forefront of his legislative
program. One bill, in which
he proposed to secure for
Blacks equal access to
public dining facilities, was
shelved, but he did manage
to attach a rider to an
interstate commerce bill,
thereby sponsoring an
amendment which guaran
teed to all citizens equal
accommodations. He also
appended an anti-discrimi-
nation clause to the Pension
Appropriation Bill. In 1884,
O’Hara was renominated
for his Congressional post
and won by a margin of
6',700 votes. During this
term, he again associated
himself with programs
seeking to render equal
justice before the law to all
citizens.
That O’Hara lost in his
bid for a third term was
lareely due to partv
dissension and the resur
gence of the Democratic
vote. Withdrawing from
politics, he practiced law in
New Bern, North Carolina,
where he died on Septem
ber 15, 1905.
HENRY P. CHEATHAM
U.S. Congressman
from North Carolina
(1889-1893)
Henry Plummer Chea
tham was born in Hender
son, North Carolina on
December 27, 1857. He
won his B.A. and M.A.
degrees from Shaw Univer
sity, and later studied for
the law, although he did not
practice this profession.
Cheatham first entered
public life as Register of
Deeds for Vance County,
North Carolina, serving in
Plains and the Indian
Territory for a number of
years. In search of freedom
many COWBOYS shifted to
the Northern ranges during
the mid-seventies. The best
known of these COWBOYS
was NAT LOVE who, on
July 4, 1876, at DEAD-
WOOD in the Dakota
Territory, won the title of
DEADWOOD DICK” for
his surprising skills in
riding and marksmanship.
The 1879 “EXODUS”
was the largest movement,
the organizers of this
movement were HENRY
ADAMS of Louisiana and
Benjamin “PAP” SINGLE
TON of Tennessee. Almost
all Blacks headed for
KANSAS, partly because of
its association with mar
tyred Abolitionist JOHN
BROWN. Handbills or
posters describing oppor
tunities in “SUNNY KAN
SAS” were distributed
throughout the South by
Black railroad posters and
steamboat hands. “PAP”
SINGLETON, a persuasive
speaker roamed the South
and urged Blacks to “GET
OUT” and it was reported
that HENRY ADAMS’
COLONIZATION COUN
CIL recruited ninety-eight
thousand Blacks in Louis
iana, Mississippi, Alabama
and Texas.
There w'as much opposi
tion from Black leaders but
many Blacks headed North,
and the White Southerners
began to clamp down.
Transportation companies
refused to sell tickets to
Blacks, and vagrancy laws
were used to arrest Black
travelers. Anyone encour
aging migration was horse
whipped and driven out of
town.
The Southern Whites
accused the Northern
Republicans of enticing
Blacks away from the South
in order to strengthen
Republican voter rolls in
the North. Congress ap
pointed a committee to
investigate the charges.
Singleton and ADAMS
joined others in giving
testimony in Washington.
The question to be
answered was - WHAT
WERE THE REASONS
FOR MIGRATION? Several
thousand pages of testi
mony was taken, but the
essential reason was recor
ded in Senate Report 693 of
the FORTY-SIXTH CON
GRESS: THEY STATED
THAT THEY HAD NO
SECURITY FOR LIFE,
LIMB OR PROPERTY;
THAT THEY WORKED
YEAR IN AND YEAR OUT
AND, NOTWITHSTAND-
(Contiuued on Page 2)
Ull Colored People
iTst nr
this post trom 1884 to 1888.
Thereafter, he was princi
pal of the State Normal
School at Plymouth, which
Continued on Page 2
eo TO mm
On September 5th^ 1877^
Can do so for $5.00
^ WhbreaS, We, the colored people of Lexingtoa, Ky,. knowing that there is an
abundance of dioice lands now belonging to the Government, have assembled ourselves
together for the purpose of locating on said lands. Iherefore,
Be it Resolved, That we do* now organize ovirselves into a Colony, as follow^—
Any person wishing to become a member of thir Colony can do so by paying the sum of
one dollar ($i.oo), and this money is to be paid by the first of September, 1877, in instal
ments of twenty-five cents at a time, or otherwise as m.-iy be desired.
RESOL.VED. That this Colony has agreed to consolidate itsell with the Nicodemus
Towns, Solomon Valley, Graham County, Kansas, and can only do so by entering the va
cant lands now in their midst, which costs $5.00.
- Resolved, That this Colony shall consist of seven officers—President, Vice-Presi
dent, Secretary, Treasurer, and three Trustees. President—M. M. Bell; Vice-President
-rIsaac Talbott; Secretary—W. J. Niles; Treasurer—Daniel Clarke; Trustees—Jerry
tee, William Jones, and Abner Webster
Resoi,ve», That this Colony shall have from one to two hundred militia, more Of
ten, as the case may require, to keep peace and order, and any member failing to pay
W» dues, as aforesaid, or failing to comply with the above rules in any particular, will wit
b* recognized or protected by the Colony. ' ||
1776 Honoring America's Bicentennial 1976