WHAT CONGRESS MAY
AND MAY NOT DO
The powers granted by the
States to the Congress under the
Constitution are strictly defined
and limited. In brief, they in
clude the following;
1. To lay and collect taxes,
duties, imposts and excises.
2. To pay the debts and pro
vide for the common defense and
genera] welfare of the United
States.
3. To borrow money on the
credit of the United States.
4. To regulate commerce with
foreign nations and among the
several States.
6. To coin money and fix-stand
ards of weights and measures.
6 To establish nostoffices and
post roads.
7. To grant patents to invent
ors and copyrights to authors.
8. To declare war, and to raise
and support armies and a navy
and make rules for the govern
ment of military forces.
9. To call out the militia in
case of emergency.
In general, Congress has au
thority to make all laws neces
sary to carry into execution the
powers granted to the Federal
Government by the Constitution.
But throughout the document the
rights of the individual States are
carefully safeguarded.
For example, each State has the
sole right of appointing the of
ficers and prescribing the training
of its militia. Each State can
determine for itself who consti
tutes its militia. In New York
the Militia consists of every able
bodied male between the ages of
18 and 45, whether enrolled in
the National Guard or not- Con
gress has exclusive jurisdiction
over military reservations, but has
no power to establish them ex
cept by the consent of the States
in which they are located.
Congress was given power to
establish a uniform rule of natur
alization, but that does not carry
with it the right to say who may
vote in any given State. Each
State 'sets up its own qualifications
for voters and can change them at
will. At the time of the adop
tion of the Constitution practical
ly every State limited the fran
chise to taxpayers or property
holders.
Other important restrictions are
placed upon the power of Con
gress by the Constitution. It can
not enact a law retroactive in its
application—an “ex post facto”
law. That is, it cannot make il
legal any act committed before
the law prohibiting it was passed*
It cannot impose taxes or duties
upon articles exported from any
State. It cannot suspend the
writ of habeas corpus. This does
not sound so important today,
but the framers of the Consti
tution had a vivid recollection of
the custom of their British rulers
of putting people in jail and re
fusing to produce them in court.
The purpose of the Constitution
to vest supreme power in Con
gress, except for the rights reserv
ed to the States, is indicated in
the provision for the passage of
laws over the veto of the Execu
tive. An act of Congress does
not become effective until it has
been signed by the President,
with the exception that if the
President refuses to sign it, Con
gress may, by a two-thirds vote,
666
MALARIA
in 3 days
Liquid Tablota COLDS
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TONIC and
No.. Drop. LAXATIVE
repast the bill. It thereupon be
comes a law regardless of the
Prefident’a dissent.
It is also within the power of
the Congress to dismiss from of
fice any member of Executive or
Judicial branches of the Govern
ment, including the President.
This is done by the process of
imoeuchment, in which the House
of Representatives has the sole
power to indict and the Senate
the sole power to try any official
indicted or impeached by the
House. Numerous Federal Judges
have thus been impeached and.
dismissed from the public service
and one President, Andrew Jack
son, was impeached by the House
of Representatives but was ac
quitted by the Senate.
THE FUNCTIONS OF
THE PRESIDENT
No one major phase of the Con
stitution gave the delegates to
the Convention of 1787 more
trouble than that of working out
a feasible plan for the execution
of the laws adopted by the Con
gress. There had been no execu
tive authority under the Articles
of Confederation. One of the
first things the Convention decid
ed was that the new Government
should consist of three independ
ent branches, Legislative, Execu
tive and Judicial. But how should
the Executive power be set up?
Should we have a king? That
was seriously debated, and re
jected. Should there be an execu
tive committee of three to ad
minister the laws? That was con
sidered, but dismissed. It was fin
ally decided that the Executive
would consist of one man. Then
for weeks the debate went on as
bo how that one man should be
chosen and for how long. Some
delegates wanted the Executive
to be appointed by the Senate
and removable at pleasure. An
other group wanted the Executive
elected by the House of Repre
sentatives. There was a strong
element in favor of a seven-year
term for the Executive. Several
other delegates thought he should
be chosen for life.
Agreement was reached at last
upon the plan of vesting the
Executive power in one man,
with the title of President. He
must be 35 years old and a natur
al born citizen of the United
States. He is elected by the
States, for a team of four years.
A Vice President is chosen at the
same time to provide against the
President’s 'death or disability.
Under the original Constitution,
the States voted only for Presi
dent, and the candidate getting
the second highest number of
/otes became Vice-President.
Each State has as many elec
tors as it has Senators and Rep
resentatives in Congress. If a
State wants to have its Presidential
electors appointed by the Gover
nor or the Legislature, as was the
early way of doing it, it can still
do so. In practice, every State
permits all voters to vote for
Presidential electors, but the
President is not elected by the
national popular vote. The elec
tors of each State meet and vote
as State body, and the candidate
who gets the votes of the larger
number of electors—not of citi
zens—is elected President. Sev
eral Presidents have thus been
elected by a minority of voters.
The President is Commander
in-chief of the army and navy.
He has authority to pardon of
fenders against the laws of the
United States. He can make
treaties, provided two thirds of
the Senators concur, and this
same two-thirds vote of the Sen
ate is required to confirm his ap
pointment of Ambassadors and
_________________
judicial officers and others. He
is required to “report to Con
gress from time to time on the
state of the Union” and to
recommend such legislation as he
thinks necessary. He can call
Congress together in a special
session, and if they don’t agree
as to the time of adjournment,
he can declare Congress adjourn
ed. And he is required, in the
language of the Constitution to
“take care that the laws be
faithfully executed.”
Very early in our national his
tory conflicts began to develop
between the President and Con
gress. Some Presidents have act
ed upon the theory that they
were authorized to do whatever
was not forbidden by the Consti
tution and the laws of Congress.
Others have taken the opposite
.attitude, that they had no author
ity beyond that specifically grant
ed in the Constitution and stat
utes. In the course of 147 years,
however, the powers of the Exe
cutive have bean gradually en
larged by custom, statutory law
and judicial interpretations, until
the Executive is no longer mere
ly the servant of Congress for the
execution of Congressional enact
ments, but is also responsible for
the initiation of policies.
Next installment: The Supreme
Court And Its Powers.
By Dr. ALLEN G. IRELAND
Ohm or. Pkyuc*/ and Htaltb Ejatatfoa
9 /ffWI $ldti Dtpmtmtai ai Fmbltc Inilratlion
J
Preparing for School—III.
The third step I advise you to
take in preparing your child for
school is to consult your family
physician or local health depart
ment regarding tne
“tuberculin teat.”
Perhaps you know it
as the “Mantoux
Test.”
It would be sur
prising if you are
not already familiar
■ with this test ana
ts values. The story has been told
•epeatedly in all the parents’ and
sousehold magazines, in news
papers, and over the radio. Many
school districts have introduced it
js a routine measure. And, un
questionably, many more will do so
this year.
Remember what I said last week
about overconfidence? Most parents
are too sure when they think, “My
child can’t have tuberculosis.” I
•ay, “too sure” because seldom do
you really know. You are merely
guessing. The psychologist would
say you are hiding a fear. Think
that over, and see if it applies to
you.
Now, being afraid and doing
nothing about it is ridiculous.
More than that, it’s the worst kind
of neglect and inexcusable. If you
fear tuberculosis, isn’t it more sen
sible to meet it with every defense
at your disposal? Bring it out in
the open. Don’t let it work in the
dark. In short, be prepared. And
in the case of children, the “Tuber
culin Test,” is right at hand. It is
simple, harmless, and very ac
curat*.
Publicizing the total of motor
ing injuries—almost a million last
year, with 36,000 deaths—never
gets to first base in jarring the
motorist into a realization of the
appalling risks of motoring. He
does not translate dry statistics
into a reality of blood and agony.
—From Reader’s Digest for Aug
ust.
HU Alibi
First Lawyer—How did that
murder case come out—the one
where the man talked his victim
to death?
Second Lawyer—The jury de
cided that it was a case of jus
tifiable homicide. The victim was
only a brush agent.
Ruth: Do you like Bailey's
Ice Cream?
Jean: Yes. They always give
you so much.
i
i
When in Galas give the kiddies a treat—bring
them to the "Polar Bear." They won't forget.
alley’s
‘The Home of the Polar Bear"
GALAX, VA.
—
| The Family of the Late Beloved Will Rogers
NEW YORK . , . Though widely separated when word arrived that the husband and father, Will Rogers,
had been killed in an airplane crash with Wiley Post in Alaska, the members of the Rogers family met here
to start the trip home to Hollywood. Photo shows, left to right, Will Rogers, Jr., Mrs. Rogers, her son James and
daughter Mary, aa they hoarded a train for the West
Washington News
For U. S. Farmers
Items of news, recently appear
ing in the press and in official
statements, axe used this week in
the belief that farmers generally
will find them interesting.
processing tax idea
Extract from report of the cab
inet committee, appointed by the
President to study the cotton tex
tile situation, dealing with the
processing tax on cotton, which
gives the general argument for
all processing taxes r
During the economic emergency
as reflected by existing price dis
parities, we recommend against
the discontinuance of the process
ing tax, which, after due consid
eration of the alternates, we re
gard as the most practical among
the available means of securing
to the cotton farmers of the na
tion a return from cotton equiv
alent in terms of purchasing
power to that which existed in the
pre-war period and which has en
abled then! to increase their pur
chases of the products of. other
industries, including the cotton in
dustry, thereby benefiting the
workers in these industries.
FARM INCOME BETTER
The Bureau of Agricultural
Economics reports that Indiana,
Illinois and Ohio made the great
est increases of income from the
sale of principal farm products
for the first six months of this
year.
Cash receipts for the country
as a whole for the six months
were $2,585,000,000, as compared
with $2,330,000,000 for the same
period of 1934. The rental and
benefit payments for the six
months in 1935 were $285,998,000
as compared with $148,780,000 a
year, bringing the total cash farm
income for the first half of 1935
to $2,956,000,000.
The total for 1934 was $6,387,.
000,000 and the bureau said it is
expected that the income from
farm products in the second half
of the year will exceed that of
the latter part of 1934.
The greatest decline in receipts
was in North Dakota, where the
reduction in marketings of wheat
was greatest.
AAA AMENDMENTS
Amendments to the AAA have
three main points:
(1) Price-fixing has been elimi
nated in the case of all commcfdi
ties except milk.
(2) Licensing powers, as such,
have also been eliminated, though
the Secretary of Agriculture is
given limited authority to issue
certain marketing “orders.”
(3) Suits for the .recovery of
processing taxes are permitted
when it can be proved that the,
tax was neither passed forward
to the consumer nor backward to
the farmer.
hearings involve parity
AAA officials are preparing for
a series of hearings at which re
presentatives of industry and the,
consuming public as well as the
farmers will be given an oppor
tunity to voice their views on
the economic bases for the wheat,
cotton, tobacco and corn-hog ad
justment programs.
No changes in the basic AAA
scheme are involved, for the
amendments contain a mandate
from Congress for the continuance
of that plan to boost farm prices
to “parity” levels. However, they
also direct the Secretary of Agri
culture to see that the price boost,
ing is done so gradually that con
sumer interests are not injured,
and they also require him to con
sider What effect higher prices
may have in the way of curtail
ing consumption.
all time be maintained at levels
assuring “the same quantity of
food per capita as during the dec
ade of the ’20s.”
This statement followed an
nouncement that restrictions on
wheat planting for 193 G would be
loosened, restoring 5,200,00 acres
of wheat land to production, with
the result that for 1936 wheat
farmers in this country will plant
ninety-five per cent of their base
acreage instead of eighty-five per
cent as originally announced.
Mt. Zion
Piney Greek P. O., Aug. 19.—
A. J. Pugh and niece, Mary
Joines, of Clendennon, W. Va.,
Mr. and Mrs. T. E. Pugh and
children, Logene and Fred, Mr.
and Mrs. E. M. Pugh and Mrs.
George, F. Smith and grand
daughter, Edna Rae, visited in
the home of Mr. and Mrs. W. F.
Pugh Sunday.
Mi's. Moilie Atwood is ill.
Mr. and Mrs. P. C. Edwards,
Topia, spent Sunday with George
and John Black.
T. '"E. Pugh m,ade a business
trip to Sparta Friday.
Edith Rose Crouse, of Mary
land, and Opal Mae Edwards
spent last week with Edna Rae
Smith.
D. J. Grubb, Nathans Creek,
spent Thursday night with S. E.
Smith.
Mr. and Mrs. Dale Wilson and
daughter, of Welch, W. Va.,
spent the week-end with Mr. and
Mrs. Will Woodie.
Many a little cottage has given
the world a hero
GOODWILL TALE
Peter had long since given up
hope that he would ever get em
ployment at his old trade- “A
blacksmith?” he used to say,
‘‘who in this country could em
ploy a blacksmith?” In tact when
his wife, Bess, was living she of
ten remarked, “Peter, you are
doin’ the right thing to learn
something about tin-smithin.’ If
not a ‘blacksmith,’ then a tin
smith.’ ” Stubbornly, however, he
figured this “tin-smithin’ ” busi
ness sort of “sissy-work” and
what little he learned at first was
of slight value. Later on, though,
he saw the wisdom of his wife’s
counsel and did become an adept
tin-smith.
That was many years ago. Af
ter his wife’s death, the light
seemed to go out of his life. The
shock was tremendous. With all
the grief, he was glad for the
war in Culm and in that new land
under new conditions he tried to
forget. But back home again,
amid familiar scenes, he became
morose and of no earthly good to
himself or to anyone else for that
matter. He took the cue from
this experience and found a cer
tain amount of peace in travel
ing up and down the land.
Another war shattered across
the world and Peter was one of
the first to seek its doubtful glory.
He simply couldn't shake the pall
of his loneliness. To be sure
there were varying degrees of his
gloom, but he never was able to
forget.
One happy day for Peter,
though sad in its first unfolding,
he saw a way out. He had been
on the road, getting a small
here and another there. On
day he was riding a freight
he slipped while jumping off
and in a twinkling lost a
under the grinding wheelB.
he recovered consciousness in
hospital, a kindly man was
ting by his bed. No! He knew i
one in this town. No! There
no message he wanted sent,
one to send any to. And
the old flood of loneliness sur
in upon him and he broke dov
completely.
On subsequent visits, the kindly
man learned all about Peter. Up*-'
on his release from the hospital^
arrangements were made for his
convalescence and many were the1
pleasant chats together. The man ■]
wanted nothing from Peter. He
simply happened by. He was a
Goodwill Secretary and interest* i
ed in human beings. Peter wae
strangely drawn to him and the
idea of helping someone else had
never occurred to him as much
of a doctrine of life. But now—
but let Peter tell it.
“Mister, this job you’ve given
me fixin’ up ice-boxes, the many
kindnesses you’ve shown me,
everything you’ve done for me
with these good people is nothing
—not a thing to something else
you’ve given me.”
“What’s that, Peter?” asked the
oecreiary.
“Well, you’ve given me a new
idea. When my Bess died, I
died, and I just stopped doing
things for other people. That’!
why I wasn’t happy. Now I
know. Now I’ll be happy be*
cause everything you do at Good*
will is for somebody else.” J
Goodwill steps into many a
breach ,and saves desperate, hope*
less situations. It is a sound
philosophy of life to help some*
one else. You can further thia
idea by saving for your Goodwill
Industries those goods that you
no longer need. They will be «
blessing to those who seek an op*
portunity to provide for loved
ones.
About the only place now to
find “home cooking” is at the
restaurant. J
Reins - Sturdivant
Funeral Home
Ambulance Service Day or
Night
Licensed Etnbalmers
SPARTA, N. C.
Telephone 22
Welding
... the best way to make a
perfect union of two pieces
of metal is by welding
them together.
. . . and the best way to get a more
pleasing flavor and a better taste in
a cigarette is by welding together the
different types of tobacco
• • •
That is just what we do in making together you get a combined flavor
CHESTERFIELD Cigarettes—the three which is entirely different from any
types of mild ripe home-grown to- one type of tobacco,
baccos, that is tobaccos grown in this It is this welding of the right
country, are welded together. Then amounts of the right land of tobac
chey are welded with aromatic Turkish. cos that makes CHESTERFIELD a milder
When these tobaccos are welded and better-tasting cigarette.
Chesterfield ...the cigarette that* MILDER