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NO. 44
SIMPLE CEREMONIES
VOL. 17.
OF PEACE TREATY AT
Signature Affixed in Historic -Hall Where Nearly Half Century
Before, Humbled Franec Acknowledged Defeat at .
v Hands of He German Adversaries.
BECAUSE OF SHANTUNG SETTLEMENT CHINESE DO NOT SIGN
World Was is Finally Ended, Having Lasted Just Twenty
Seven Days Less Than Five Years; Conditions of 1871
Exactly Reversed; Germans Enter Protest Against
Fancied Indignities. :
Versailles. World peace wai sign
ed and aealed In the historic hall of
mirrors at Versailles, but under cir
cumstances which somewhat dimmed
the expectations of those who had
worked and fought during long years
of war and months of negotiations for
Its achievement. . . , ,
The absence of the Chinese dele
gates, whs at the last moment were
unable to reconcile themselves to the
Shantung settlement, and left , the
eastern empire outside the formal pur
views of peace, struck the first dis
cordant note In the assembly. A writ
ten protest which General Jan Chris
tian Smuts lodged with his signature
was another disappointment to the
makers of the treaty.
Hut, bulking larger, was the attitude
of Germany and the German plenipo
tentiaries, which left them, as evident
from the official program of the day
and from the expression of M. Clemen
ceau, still outside an formal recon
ciliation and made actual restoration,
to regular relations and intercourse,
with the allied nations dependent, not
noon the signature of the , "prelimi
naries of peace" today, but upon rati
fication by the national assembly.
To M. Clemenceau' stern warning
In his opening remarks that they
would be expected .and held, to ob
serve the treaty ' provisions legally
and completely, the German delegates,
through Dr. Hanlel von Haimhausen,
replied after returning to the hotel
that, had they known they would be
treated on a different status after sign
ing than the allied representatives, as
, shown by their separate exits before
the general body of the conference,
they never would have signed. .
As a contrast with the Franco-German
peace session of 1871, held In the
same hall, there were present today
grissled French veterans of the Franco-Prussian
war. They replaced the
Prussian guardsmen of the previous
ceremony and the Frenchmen today
watched the ceremony With grim sat
isfaction. , '
1871 'Condition Reversed.
The conditions of 1871 were exactly
reversed.: Today the disciples of Bis
marck sat in the seat of the lowly
while the white marble statue o! 'Min
erva, the goddess of war, looked on.
Overhead of the frescoed celling,
were scenes from France's ancient
' wars. .,....''" i ;
" Three Incidents were emphasised
by the smoothness with which the cer
emony was conducted.. The first' of
these was the failure of the' Chinese
.delegation to sign. The second was
the protest submitted by General Jan
Christian Smut, who declared the
peace unsatisfactory. The third, 'un
known to the general public, came
from the German. When the pro
gram for the ceremony was shown
to the: German delegation, Herr ton
Haimhausen, of the German delega
tion, went to Colonel Henry, French
liaison officer, and protested. He
Hid: , ;
- "We cannot admit that the Gerssan
delegate should enter the hall by a
different door than the entente dele
gate, nor that military honers should
be withheld. Had we known there
would be such arrangement before,
the delegate would not have come."
After a conference with the French
foreign minister ,lt was decided, as a
compromise, to render military .hon
ors aa the German left Otherwise,
the program was not changed.
An hour before the signing of the
' treaty, those assembled In the hall had
been' urged to take tneir eau, eut
their eagerness to see the historic cer
emony was so keen that they refused
to keep their seats, and crowded to
ward the center of the hall which Is so
.long that a good view was impossible
from the distance;. Bven with opera
glasses ,th correspondent and others
ware unable to observe satisfactorily.
The seat were In no wax elted;
consequently, there-'., wa a general
scramble for standing room.' .
MARK SIGNING
The delegate of the minor powers
made their way with dlfficu'ty through
the crowd to their places at the table.
Officers and civilians lined the walls
and filled the aisles. President Wil
son's arrival 10 minutes before the
hour tor signing was greeted by a
faint burst of applause from the few
persons who were able to see him.
The German correspondents were
ushered into the hall shortly before
8 o'clock and were given standing
room in a window at the rear of the
correspondents' section.
When Premier Lloyd George arriv
ed many of the delegates sought auto
graphs from the members of the coun
cil of four, and they busied themselves
signing copies of the official program
until the Germans entered the room. ,
At S o'clock a bush fell over the hall,
and the crowds shouted for the offi
cials who were standing to sit down,
so aa not to block the view. The del
egates showed some surprise at the
disorder, which did not cease until
all the spectators had either seated
themselves or found places against
the'waU." :.x-:',,. ':. :.; ,.' '
At seven minutes past 3 o'clock
Dr. Hermann Mueller, the German
secretary for foreign affairs, and Dr.
Bell, the - colonial secretary, were
shown Into the hall, and quietly took
their seats at the left, end of the U
shaped table. ' They showed compo
sure, and manifested none of the un
easiness which Count von Brockdorff
Ratttzan, head of the Gorman peace
delegation, displayed when banded the
treaty at Versailles.
'M. Clemenceau, as president of the
conference, made a brief speech in
viting the Germans to sign the treaty
and there was a tense pause. Wil
liam Martin, master of ceremonies, af
ter a moment's delay, escorted the
Gentian plenipotentiaries to the signa
tory table, where they signed the
treaty, the protocol and the Polish un
dertaklng. After the Germans had signed, Pres
ident Wilson, followed by the other
American delegates, made his way to
the table and he and the other speed
ily affixed their signatures. Premier
Lloyd George came next with the Eng
lish delegation. The British domin
ions followed Canada, Australia, New
Zealand, South Africa and India, In
the order named. .
A murmur of , surprise passed
around the hall 1 when It became
known that General Btnuta, represent
ing South Africa, signed ander pro
test and filed a document' declaring
that the peace was unsatisfactory.
M. Clemenceau and the French del
egate were the next In line for the
signing, and Baron Sonnlno and the
other Japanese delegates. The Ital
ians came after the Japanese, and
they. In turn, were toUowed by the
representatives of the smaller power.
During the attaching of the signa
tures of the great power and the
German a battery of moving picture
machine and camera clicked away
so audibly that they could be heard
above the general disorder. ; ,
Cannon Boom.
At 8:45 the booming of cannon In
celebration of the peace broke the
monotony in the hall of mirror, where'
the crowd had tired of the almost end
less signing. :,'(; v" ; Y.,t- .
China's failure to send ' her dele
gate to the oeremony created much
oomment The vacant seats of the
Chinese were noted early In the pro
ceedings, but It was expected that the
delegate would arrive later. Then
the report: was circulated officially
that the Chines would not sign with
out - reservation on Shantung, , and
would lwu a Statement this evening
on their position. M. Clemenceau'
announcement that th4 ceremony was
at an end made it clear that China In
tended to have no part In the day'
ceremonies nad that she most be dealt
with by letter tf the signatories are
willing to grant her the privilege of
making the reservation. ,': , .
A CUrim Coral gnawer y or All gfr Jamtlg
KINGS MOUNTAIN, N. 0.,
NEAR LANDSBERQ
Late photograph of Herr Landsberg,
secretary for publicity, art and litera
ture In Scheldemann's cabinet, who I
one of the German delegates to the
Versailles peace congress.
STIRRED OVER SIZE OF ARMY
Senator Borah Pessimistic Over Whst
Other Nations May or May Not Do
In Matter of Armament and Men.
Washington. Falling to command
the united support of opponents of
the league of nations, the proposal tor
an immediate declaration of peace by
congress was blocked In the senate
foreign relations committee.
After a long and lively discussion.
the committee voted 18 to 4 to deter
action tor the present on the resold
tion of Senator Falls, of New Mexico,
embodying the peace declaration. Five
senators opposing the league, includ
lng Chairman Lodge, Joined the league
advocates in supporting the postpone
ment motion.
Although the peace declaration pro
posal was not discussed in the senate
chamber during the day, Senator Bo
rah aroused a three-hour debate on
other Issues of the treaty fight by re
newing his attack on the league cov
enant Citing the army bill's pro
vision tor an army of 400,000 men, the
Idaho senator declared the league
would increase rather than decrease
armament v.
"Heaven only knows what we will
need It other nations do not share. It
we are going to exercise economic
pressure on other nation for every
little cause and if we're going to po
lice the world, he Is a driveling idiot
who 'links that means anything but
a stupendous army."
GEPMAN DIPLOMACY INTENDS
TO PULL PLUG OUT OF PACTT
Parls.-There has been "a wide
spread feeling that whatever Germany
might sign would be subscribed to
with, more than one mental reserva
tion. That conviction has" been
Strengthened in a most definite man
ner by events of the last few days.
The sinking of the German fleet a
Scapa Flow found blunt expression
In the threat in the note to the al
lies. In more than one French paper
attention is drawn to the contrast be
tween the Germany of a few weeks
ago, apparently struggling with acute
bolshevism, and the Germany of to
day, whose language and actions dif
fer but little it at all from those of
the old regime. , "
It la clear' beyond argument that,
Just as Admiral von Router opened
the seacocks of his fleet so in the
future German diplomacy Intends - to
pull the plug out of the peace treaty.
LAST OP I1ST DIVISION
TROOPS AT NEWPORT NEWS
Newport News, Va. Practically ev
ery city and town In North and South
Carolina was represented b ymen ar
riving here aboard the small -trans
port Montpeller, which reached this
port bringing the last units of the 81st
division. - ; .. : '''..-. '.;'-'
Said to be the last selective service
men to sail from France I officers and
470 men of the 306th supply train.
Blghty-flrst (Wild Cat) division arriv
ed In port on the U. 6. S. Montpeller.
MANY WILD CATS WILL REACH
THEIR HOMES DURING WEEK
Petersburg, Va. The 321st Infantry
regiment, 81st division, numbering 954
men under command of Lieutenant
Colonel L. E. Schucker, of Norfolk,
which arrived at Camp Lee from over
seat' tor demobilisation, will be mus
tered out of service at once by the
officer of the regiment themselves,
who It is said have volunteered to per
form the service in order that the
men may get to their home aa oon
possible. . :.r .
, n' X,' J ,""1
J ., Si t " -
."y"'"''? ''Jr -Ti'n Mr
THURSDAY, JULY 3, 1919
OF
BALKED BY
PLOT FRAMED TO FORM WITH
POLAND A REPUBLIC IN
NORTHWEST GERMANY.
SGHEIDEMANN IN SWITZERLAND
All Plans Fall Because of Jealousy
and Differences of Opinions of
Government and Army Leader.
Berlin. -The German government,
headed by Phillpp Scheldemann, had
planned to retuea to sign the peace
treaty and to permit the allied troops
to march into Germany as far as the
Elbe, where It would be attacked by
strong German forces, the Danzig cor
respondent of the Tageblatt declares
In a dispatch describing the details
of a secret plan to create a separate
state in northeastern Germany.
The plan failed because of Jealousies
and differences of opinion between
the government and the army leau-
era, tre correpondsent says.
(A report from Geneva said Herr
Scheldemann had arrived in Switzer
land after crossing the frontier on
foot)
The last proposal made by the con
spirators planning to oppose the al
lies. It is said, was to ask Poland to
combine with eastern Germany In the
formation of an Independent republic.
The offer, It is declared, was rebuffed
by the Poles, who asked why it had
not been offered 10 years ago.
MOVEMENT OF GERMAN
GIVE GREAT UNEASINESS.
Paris. Movements of the Germans
against the western Polish boidary
at three points are giving great un
easiness in conference circles, and
Ignace Jan Paderewski, Polish pre
mier, is making earnest efforts to ob
tain ammunition from the allies be
fore the Germans cut the principal
railways, which it is thought they will
attempt - .-"
Heavy artillery attacks upon Czen
stochowa from the south and west
threaten to cut the railway connect
ing Warsaw with Cracow and the
Teschen coal fields. Czenstochowa Is
a city of 40,000 persons and an Import
ant railway Junction.
QUESTION OF ENFORCEMENT
PROHIBITION UP TO HOU8E.
Washington. The whole question 0
prohibition enforcement was trans
ferred from the Judiciary committee
to the house, without promise or as
surance" of speedy consideration.
A general enforcement measure em
bracing both war-time and constitu
tional prohibition put together in
such a way as to let one stand, Inde
pendently of the other, was reported
out by a vote of 17 to t, after the com
mittee had refused to split it into
two separate and distinct parts. But
this vote did not accurately represent
the sentiment of the committee, some
members of which will send in a mi
nority report and Insist upon the
elimination of some of the draatlo
proviisons.
SENATE O. K'S INCREASE
IN SHIPBUILDING FUND.
Washington. 'Increase In the ship
ping board fund from 1276,000,000 to
$411,000,000 for completion of the
government's authorised ship building
program was approved by the senate
with but one dissenting vote at a late
session held in an effort to pass the
sundry civil appropriation bill.
AGREEMENT REACHED TO FIX
SIZE OF STANDING ARMY.
Washington. Senate and house con
ferees on the army appropriation bill
reached an agreement to fix the aver
age size of the 1930 army at 825.000
officers and men. This total Is 75,000
less than that proposed by the senate
and 25.000 more than the strength an
thorized originally by the house.,
REQUESTS SUPPRESSION
OF ARTICLE OF TREATY.
Paris. A dtopath ferom Vienna say
that Dr. Karl Rennet, head of the
Austrian peace delegation, has deliv
ered to the peace conference a not
requesting suppression of article 49
of the peace treaty, with Austria. This
article authorises the states which
formerly were part of the Auatro-Hun-garian
empire to pay their share of
the war indemnities from private Aus
trian properties Jhi those state.
Jl.RO
MRS. INA J. N. PERKINS
Mrs. Ina J. N. Perkins, as chief of
the child conservation section of the
council of national defense, directs the
activities of women's committees all
over the country In the campaign to
"Save 100,000 babies."
SUPPORT OF PROHIBITIONISTS
Ardent Prohibitionists Vote for Sec
tion Becsuse Nothing to Be Gained
by Too Drastic Law.
Washington. A man right to store
liquor in his home tor the long dry
period after July 1, stood up against
an attack on that provision of the
prohibition enforcement bill before
the house Judiciary committee.
Near the end of an all-day session
the committee voted down an amend
ment which would have made It un
hwful for cltlsen to have liquor in
his possession; struck out a section
which would have prevented "use." by
a citizen of liquor In his private dwell
ing, and decided that In the matter of
general enforcement there would be
no difference between war-time and
constitutional prohibition.
In a general consideration of the
measure the committee made a num
ber of minor changes, but the prin
cipal fight was over the question of
the right of home storage for personal
use. Representative Morgan of Okla
homa endeavored to have stricken out
the section reading that "It shall not
be unlawful to possess liquor In one's
private dwellings while the same Is
occupied and used by him only as his
dwelling. .
Ardent prohibitionists on the com
mittee voted against the Morgan pro
posal tor the roason, they said, that
nothing was to be gained by enacting
a law so drastic as to arouse the hos
tility of people who rejoiced that the
day of the saloon had ended. Prohibi
tion members supported an amend
ment eliminating the proviso that the
liquor must be obtained and placed In
storage prior to date the act would
become effective. A amended the
section reads "that such liquor need
not be reported, provided the burden
of showing that possession is legal Is
upon the possessor."
DEMOBILIZATION OF THE NAVY
PROCEEDING WITH DISPATCH
Washington. Demobilization of the
navy Is proceeding rapidly and satis
factorily, Secretary Daniels announc
ed, with the result that the total
strength will hsve been reduced to
250.000 men by the end of this week.
More than 500 men a day are being re
leased, the secretary said, most of
them being taken from the shore es
tablishment
Since the signing of the armistice
more than 265,000 men have been dis
charged from the navy or released to
inactive duty In the reserve forces.
Between July 1 and October 1, 50,000
additional men will be released In or
der to meet the reduction fixed In the
new navy bill.
TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE
LINES RESTORED JULY 81.
Washington. Agreement wad
reached by senate and house con
ferees on legislation to repeal gov
ernment control of telegraph, tele
phone and wire system. The con
feree adopted the house plan of ter
minating government control at mM-j
night on the last of the calendar ,
month In which the law 1 approved. I
Toll and local exchange telephone
rates would be continued tour months .
unless sooner changed. . I
V - vv
1 " 1
A YEAB IN ADVANCE
AGAIN IN GERMANY
ESCAPE FROM HOLLAND 18 OF
SOME SIGNIFICANCE JUST
NOW AND STIR3 PARIS.
MAY ADO TO COMPLICATIONS
Impression Prevails That Government
of the Netherlands Can Be Held
Accountable For Flight
Paris. Frederick William Hohen
zollern, the former German crown
prince, has escaped from Holland and
made his way into Germany.
News of the escape of the ex-crown
prince caused a considerable stir in
peace conference circles. While it is
not felt ho is a figure around which
the reactionaries and monarchists
would gather enthusiastically, never
theless his act is regarded as an event
of cnslderable significance.
Hints hare come from Germany
within the last few days that the
military caste there would not be
averse to bringing about a military
situation wltbin the former empire
that would embarrass the allies In
putting the peace treaty Into effect,
and It seems not improbable that the
move made by the ex-crown prince is
connected with some such plan.
The former crown prince made
his way Into Holland shortly after the
signing of the armistice last Novem
ber and was interned there by the
Dutch government taking up. his res
idence on the island of Wieringen, in
the Zuyder Zee.
Washington. The former German
crown prince was Interned by the
Dutch government on the Island of
Wieringen and if he preserves his
status as a soldier, the opinion of in
ternational law authorities here Is that
the Netherlands government may be
held accountable by the associated
powers for his escape.
It was explained the rules of war
and neutrality require the government
of any nation that affords asylum to
a fugitive soldier to Intern him for
the period of the war and that in this
Instance that period technically had
not elapsed. Officials -said one effect
of the escape undobtodly would be to
cause the authorities of Holland to
renew precautions to prevent the es
cape of the former empror.
HERMAN MUELLER AND BELL
8ELECTED TO SIGN TREATY.
While no official information ia yet
at hand with regard to the appoint
ment by the German government of
plenipotentiaries to proceed to Ver
sailles to alga the peac treaty, the
latest unofficial advices arriving In
Paris from Germany are to the effect
that Dr. Hermann Mueller, foreign
minister In the cabinet of Herr Bauer,
and Dr. Bell, the minister of colonies.
have been chosen for the duty.
The time for the signing of the
treaty also still Is In doubt
Everything seems contingent on the
actual appointment of the men who
are to act for Germany and their ar
rival in Versailles. i
No further new from any souro
ha been received regarding the re
turn to Germany of the former Ger
man crown prince who had been In
terned In Holland ' since hostilities)
ceased.
AMERICAN CASUALTIES IN
ONE DRIVE WERE 180,000.
Washington. American casualties
during the 47 day Meuse-Argonne of
fensive aggregated 120,000 men, or 10
per cent of the total of 1.200,000 en
gaged, according to a "statistical sum
mary of the war with Germany" pre-,
pared by Colonel Leonard P. Ayr,
chief of the statistical branch of the '
general staff, and published . by the
war department
"Of every 100 American soldier
and sailors who took part m the war
with Germany," the report said, "two
were killed or died of disease during,
the period of hostilities.
COMPANIES OF WOMEN
FORMED AS RED GUARDS.
Helalngfors. A terrible story Illus
trating the nature of the war waged
by the bolsheviks 1 recounted by a
traveler from Riga. Towards the end
of the bolshevlst rule, before the Let
tish red leader, Statska, fled, compan
ies of women were formed, a red
guards. Their duty was to carry oat
executions when the men refused thaj
duty. Nearly 100 executions are
to have been carried out by
murderess. .