Newspapers / The Farmer and Mechanic … / July 13, 1909, edition 1 / Page 12
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THE FARMER AND MECHANIC MmOLEOODS Also Cheaper Hosiery and Women's Gloves CONFRONT THE CONFEREES Bid Fair to Be Stubbornly Fought Questions The First by Public, the Second by Senate Two Sessions Held Yesterday Amendments Con sidered in Numerical Order. (By the Associated Press.) Washington, D. C, July 10. Cheaper cotton and woolen goods and cheap hosiery and women's gloves the former demanded by the public and the later by the Senate promise to be among the most stubbornly fought questions in the congressional conference of the tariff. At least that is the way things appeared at the close of the first day's session. There was a great deal of specula tion today among leaders in Congress, ,who are not parties to the conference as to what will be done with these items. Many members expressed the opinion that the House would yield on cotton and woolens and the Senate in gloves and hosiery in compliance with the "protectionists idea of "stand patism." If this should be the outcome it is predicted that vigorous protests would be heard in both the Senate and House from advocates of downward revision. Some members went so far as to say that an effort would be made to ject the conference reports in event of "such a glaring instance upward revision." The effect of amendments to cotton and woolen schedules in re- the of the the House was a very material reduction of the existing duties. The Senate re stored these by a decisive vote. On the other hand the House advanced tbo rates on hosiery and women's gloves far above the duties fixed by the Dingley law. the Senate declined to accept the increases. Two sessions of the conferee3 were held today. The first session began at 10 a. m. 'A recess was taken for luncheon last ing from 1 until 2:30 o'clock wlvm the afternoon session was begun. It was agreed that these hours shall con tinue through the conference. No hour has been fixed for the adjourn ment of the afternoon sessions nor has the evening: sessions Deen deter mined upon. Amendments were considered today in their numerical order. When the session adjourned until Monday the conferees had passed through the chemical and earthenware schedules and more than half way through the metal schedule. All of the items in these schedules, however, were not settled. Nevertheless, the conferees representing both branches of Con gress, expressed satisTaction with the progress made. The adjustment of the difference between the ouse and Senate will not prove so serious a task as is indicated 7jy the large number of amendments. "More than two hundred of the amend ments consist of mere phraseology. There are 4 03 amendments that repre sent opposing views. Few members of the conference committee are willing to place the time necessary for the completion of the bill in conference at less than ten days. The corporation tax amendment has not been .considered by the conferees in any way. Nevertheless it was pre dicted in Congressional circles tonight that the proposed tax on the net earn ings of corporations would be reduced in conference from two per cent to one per cent. That has been suggested, said Senator Aldrich. when asked concern ing the report that a reduction would be made In the tax. Ho said he could not say what would be done. It was reported also that the corporation tax provision may be eliminated and the House inheritance tax provision restor ed to the bill, but no confirmation of this story could be had, nor could its origin be traced. SUMMERING HOGS AND PIGS. Our people do not realize the pro fit to be made in the pork producing business in the South, else there would be more men engaged in the business. We find no class of ani mals pay us a greater net profit than the pigs we sell each fall and winter. There is a first-class -market in the vi cinity of nearly iVn our cotton mill towns for good fresh pork, and what, my friends, is the sense of letting the Western farmers, through the packer supply the market when we can grow the meat at one-half what it costs the Western farmer to produce it, and get the price the Western man secures for his product with the. packer's pro fit and the freight added. Some people seem think because we have not a strictly corn growing section as yet that we are not in posi tion to grow pork profitably. A great er mistake was never made. Three fourths of the feed of our hogs comes from other than corn plants. What an array of pork producing plants we have. There is blus-grass, Burmuda, timothy, herds grass, crimson clover, rye, oats, vetch, white clover, cowpeas, soja beans, and corn. All these we may have on any of our Piedmont farms if .we will. On our place we have abundance of all except the Burmuda and vetch, and could have these if we thought we needed them. We are running seventy shoats on the liitle place at this time at a cost for pur chased food (shipstuff) of forty cents per day. Thepigs way from twenty five to sixty pounds each. The bal ance of their food is picked on the farm and the majority of it is pro ducts that would otherwise be wasted white clover, plantain, Japan clover, etc. We let them right out into our laige clover fields and pastures. They do no damage to the hay when they have a large territory to run over, and the feed they secure in this way fit practically no cost keeps them growing right along. Later, when the field of cowpeas is beginning to show pods they will bury themselves in the vines and their purchased food will be practically nothing. When the com gets in the wasting ear stage we will start them off on a small feed of snapped ears. These will be taken from the ensilage fieldv Then when the main crop is ready to husk, they will be getting all the soft and short corn they will use fed on a late pea field. When the peas are all gone an early sown field of crimson clover and oats will be ready for them. But chering will have begun before this time, the older hogs being killed as the fresh meat trade calls for them. Succuince will be continued for the later killers, the small pigs and sows, by the use of good, rich corn silage. The last of the spring pigs will be gone by February, then the early fall pigs will help out until warm weather arrives, when the fresh meat trade will stop until fall. By October anoth er lot ill be ready and we will try to make soja bean meal take the place of the purchased shipstuff hereafter, as we believ in growing all the feed we use when possible to do so. We have been growing hogs in the above manner on our Piedmont farm for eight jears, producing from forty to one hundred and fifty head per year, and having lost only two hogs by di sease during that time, we conclude that such a life suits the hog nature. We spray the pigs evehy two weeks with cattle dip, one to forty, with some coal oil added to the .mixture. Calling the whole 'bunch into box stalls, the spraying may be done in ten minutes at very little expense. Our pigs are fed their slop in large flat bottomed troughs behind a creep where the sows cannot interfere with them. The slop bein gdistributed evenly in the wide troughs, the pigs are obliged to take their feed slowly and all have an equal show. We constrate the boar pigs at about, three weeks of age. Have a good, sharp knife, and a bucket of dip to immerse the wounds in and no at tention need be paid to the "sign," whether it be in the heart, the toe, or the end of the tail. We have con strated more than one thousand pigs using the above disinfectant method, have yet to lose the first one, and sel dom have one to be off his feed for an hour, so we have lost 'faith in the "sign". The "sign" will be wrong the pigs are kept in filthy yards or pens, when fed on corn alone in a dry lot, or when7 the operator uses a germ infected knife, and the only sign we cna be sure of in the above cases is that the hogs are being kept under unsanitary, unprofitable conditions, and that the hog grower should change his methods or get out of the hog business. A. Li. FRENCH. Rockingham, county. HOW TO RAISK MOKE CORN. If the Southern farmer will stop clearing up new land and apply his energies to the upbuilding of the worn out soils on the intensive plan in a few years he can double his bank account. In the South we have one of the greatest foundations for soil upbuild ing of any section of the country. Why? Because (1) the subsoil in a lare area is red clay with a foundation up on which we can build in solid form and which prevents the material which we place upon the soil from leaching away; (2) by supplying the soil with plenty of humus we can make it loose and mellow and so re tain moisture for the making of the crops, and by rotation of crops and the growing of the legumes we can keep the soil. wen supplied with nit rogen from the air. Every farmer who has 100 acres of land in cultivation should cut it down to fifty acres for cultivation and place the other fifty acres in pastures and supply it with live stocky making a sufficient feed on the fifty acres in cul tivation to feed his stock through the winter he should carefully house his stock and bed them. By doings so he can make from three to five tons of manure-per head, and also make a profit on his stock on the market. I wish here to give my experience in the improvement of six,r acres thisplat..g gfourh, .. ..L etaoint which I began in the year 189S. I planted this plat in 1896 in corn and it made twelve bushels to the acre. I became disgusted and left it vacant the next year. In 1898 I determined to do something with that land, and having a herd of about forty, head of cattle, some hogs and mules,, carefully housing them and littering the stalls, I made a fine lot of good old manure land spread broadcast in the early spring twenty loads per acre. Flowed it in with a heavy two-horse plow about ten inches deep, afterwards har rowed with a good harrow. Before planting I harrowed again and plant ed the cohn with a planter twenty in ches apart. I only got to plow it once owing to a storm which tangled it aad prevented further cultivation. I had the corn at maturity cut and soaked. When husking time came caaried a sealed bushel tub to the field and measured the corn, which yielded sixty-five bushels per acre, or 390 bushels that year against only seventy-two but two years before. This piece of land has been in rota tion since then and in 1906 I made twenty-four bushels of fine wheat to the acre. I sow red clovery in m wheat so as to. keep up the land. " I have continued to build up my land along this line and the returns are fine. No farmer can build up his land permanently without good old barn yard manure. A. CANAON. Henderson county. r-fr-c i f AVIiy are Provisions So High. One reason is that there are so many consumers than producers. But many more eaters than workers consumers than producers. But few are doin gthe labor. Thousands are doing the eating and spending. If a baseball is held hundreds of thousands will visit that, and lose their time, spend some money,and not be profi ted one cent by such folly; so with numbers of other ways of wasting time and spending money. Instead of farmers preparing wheat land in time and sowing wheat they will spend their time in going to town and neglect farm work, and say their land will not produce wheat. When I was a youth a farmer that bought his flour, pork, etc., was counted a worthless farmer. If. our farmers would raise their own provisions at home speculators might get a corner on wheat or pork but that would not hurt them. If we would use common sense and re gard Bible teaching about what far mers should cultivate, high tariff and gambling would not hurt us. It. looks like we might learn to do better. Experience teaches a dear school, but fools will learn in no other. Where is the vigor and manliness that once marked and distinguished our farmers? Just after the war of 1861. it was said by the farmers, "kill out your hogs, raise cotton and compel labor ers ta pay a higher price for meat, The advice was followed by too many. TNow they say they cannot grow wheat. Let us grow cotton and to bacco and buy breadstuff s.- Behold the effect of such silly advice. We never gain by leaving the old Bible paths of prudence and wisdom Elder P. D. Gold in Zion's Landmark. Object Lessons in Tuberculosis. The authorities of New York have adopted the Wisconsin plan of the public slaughtering of tuberculosis cat tle and calling In the faremrs to see for themselves just what the disease is and what it does. Speaking of a demonstration of the bacteria of the awful disease of this kind at the Delaware county Fair in Delhi, the New York Farmer says in part: "The farmers, who watched the slaughtering and inspected the dis eased parts of the carcasses, for the first time understood what is implied in tuberculosos in dairy herds.A sight of the broken down tissues and the swarming colonies impressed them with the dire possibilities involved In the use of milk from diseased cows. Similar slaughtering of tuberculosis cows in every county and State fair in the country would in a year ac complish more in the way of convinc ing farmers of the need of great care to keep their cows free from the dis ease, than will be accomplished in the ordinary way for twenty years.There are farmers who refuse to believe that there are tuberculosis bacteria. The sight of the bacteria at work would compel them to believe. There are others who insist that bovine tuberc ulosis is no menace to human beings. The sight of the diseased intestines, lungs, and organs would at least sug gest to them that the milk and meat of such animals are unpleasant to con template, if not unwholesome to con sume." Good Work of the Farmers Union. (Atlanta Constitution.) The presence in Atlanta during the past week of the business represen tatives of-the Farmers' Union from the largest part, of the southern states, met hereto discuss plans for advanc ing anr1 strengthening the work of that oreder, focuses attention on that remarkable organization of bona fide producers. . Within leas time than the wtp of a decade, the Farmers, Union has grown from scattering local bodies U the state of Texas until today it num bers approximately three million members,. distributed throughout America, and mainly in the southern states. The scope of the conference first held is admirably illustrative of the manner in which the mission of the organization has evolved, and the practical style in which it is adapting itself to the trying exingencies of mod ern industrial regulations and prob lems. Many of the southern state presi dents are among the delegates, but in addition there are managers of large and small commercial enterprises, co operative ventures, warehousing con cerns, tobacco agents and business agents. These latter, constituting a unique departure in farmers' organi zation work, have played no small part in materializing the purpose of their people. It has heretofore been one of the fundamental failings of the farmer that, whereas he was long on honor and industry, he was short on business acumen. The partial and complete isolation of long standing has produc ed its legitimate results. So that in his average dealings with the world of commerce, the untaught farmer was at a radical disadvantage. The business agents first put for ward with the idea of equalizing the handicap. Members were supposed to rely upon them in those thousand regular details that constitute trade interchange, and the agents were sup posed, in turn, to encourage coopera tive dealing between the farmers and to give the members the benefit of his trained intelligence in buying and the selling of their commodities. The discussion on business agents led naturalally to the consideration of the condition which brought him into existance, and its present status. Ask and southerner possessed' of judgment, ordinary powers of obser vation and the facilities for broad travel. He will tell you that in the last few years the farmers of the southern states have appreciated won derfully in those qualities that go to make up the succesful man of affairs, fully capable of managing his own business and of safeguarding his in terests. In a recent interview in the Con stitution, National President Barrett declared that this one fact stood out as the most vivid of his impressions after a protracted national tour. He declared that the farmer was learn ing wisdom of experience, gathering ability to win now pretense from per formance, the false from the true, the friend from the mercenary advisor, and there are to be one or two of the He showed that farmers are now less influenced by the fatal personal equation, and they are beginning to choose as leaders and codnsellers on the basis of merit and proved achieve ment rather than from individual lik ing. More important still, ne expressed the opinion that emotion and preju dice were playing less powerful roles in influencing the attitude of the far mer than at any time in the pasi. Where once the farmer measured the strength of a leader by the latter's ability to sway his passions and ap peal to his class-hostility, evidences of a radical change in the opposite direction are now apparent. The substance of President Barrett's expression was that the farmer, whether in business or politics, was cultivating, slowly but with surenes. the art and habit of doing his own thinking. He forecasted the speedy approach of the day when demago guery, commercial or political, would lose power to harm or mislead the man of the acres, since the latter was rapid ly arming himself with knowledge to penetrate such baneful disguises. These shifts in the attitude of the rural population are explainable from two angles: First, the gradual dissemination of education and educative contact with the nakedness of modern business con ditions. Second, the powerful, quiet, but persistent, propaganda of the organi zation whose representatives are now. gathered in Atlanta. From the lirsz day of its natural exisence, represent atives of the Union have preached the doctrines of independence, of coopera tion between farmers, of the vital necessity of business methods and oZ discretion and analysis in the daily affairs of trade and traffic. Wonderful as have been the accom plishments of the Union in the past, the mostmagniftcent achievements lie in the future, and since these latter must be predicted on the awakening of the most important class of our population, prophecy in that direc tion staggers imagination. y i Big Crop of Figs. (Concord Tribune.) Only a few years ago a green fig in this section of the country was held in derision nobody wanted them and nobody ate them with a relish, t.h fruit being a sort of offcast. It is now quite different. A fig tree is found in a great many yards in vari ous parts of the city and the demand for them on the market is great, al most surprising1. Figs are now eaten by a very large percentage of th population throughout the country, and in this particular belt fig industry would thrive if taken in hand by some landlord who would devote a portion, of his land to the culture of tho fruit. The crop is unusually large.
The Farmer and Mechanic (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
July 13, 1909, edition 1
12
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