Newspapers / The Cherokee Scout (Murphy, … / March 30, 1934, edition 1 / Page 2
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Page Two News Review ( Events tl President Roosevelt Asks C Banks to Help Small TradeFascist Era in 60 Years? PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT, in n letter to the senate and house hanking committees, asked congress to set up twelve Industrial credit banks which he had been told would safeguard the Jobs of 34<i.<*?0 persons and create work for 378,000 more. Immediately after the President's wishes were known legislation was Introduced Id both houses giving the federal reserve system authority to create the hanks, financing them by selling $140.of stock to the treasury. Cxh pijg t of the "small or medium y**" li'du.' rialist was stressed by the I Fre6idf 'it, nd he cited results of a survey In< ^ njj that such Industry was badly 0 L ed of $700,000,000 working ??piti . Tb pr? ilent asked f<?r "early conalder aon of his proposal, pointing out t e situation called for "iuite r? ief." ? - Pr ident's letter to Chairmen Flee : n(j steagall of the senate and onto hanking committees said tiopo>ed banks would he controll* | bv directorates a majority of whic i w themselves be industrinlIsts. jir Roosevelt said: *'I have been deeply concerned with itua' i"? in our small industries. In : Jmberless cases their working capital has been lost or seriously depleted. JFt ha.e afforded much aid in the Tet*very < f agriculture, commerce, our larg * Industries and our financial In tltiyon* and our improved condition naioQgih furnishes full Justification these efforts. We must continue la IH|U' f of the medium size man in 1?' Atrj .i rid commerce." 1 it .lit hnnL-c .fi.m.c.wl ln ?!.? WI-*4 j)tr< duced would be chartered by tfi*1 ex is ins Federal Reserve banks T < be- operated subject to the regulutlo i 0f ?. reserve board. They would ci br inches. C* MAKING before an assembly of | ^ 4K> cheering chief Fascists Pr*t. r Mussolini outlined a GO year prcvrain of internal and external expnnsion which, lie I'r,,,licted. would In P the Twenty-first cenf tury give Italy the :: JS Mp r i rr a c y of the ^Ja world." That century, yjr IjQf lie said, will be a ^ "b'ack shirt era." "In this age of plans," II Dtice dell^ W clared, "I want to lay before you a plan not tfor five years or ten " Mussolini J(,ars but for ntl years carrying on to the Twenty-first century, at which time Italy will have the primacy of the world. "Italy has no future in the West and North. Her future lies to the Kast and South in Asia and Africa. The vast resources of Africa must be .?.?. .lirn <11in urougm wiinin the civilized circle. "I do not refer to conquest of territory but to natural expansion. We demand tliat nations which have already arrived in Africa do not block at every step Italian expansion.*' Here, it was said, he was referring particularly to France. Internally, Mussolini said, Immediate objectives are completion of swamp reclamation by 1940. new aqueducts and highways, plans to recreate Italian municipalities, complete rebuilding of 500.000 rural houses and repairs to 930,000 rural houses, a work of 30 years. "Every rural person will have a clean and healthy house," he asserted. "Only in this way can tne rush to the city be combated." In the midst of a pandemonium ot applause Mussolini said Fascism "became universal in 1929." "But in this phenomenon," he continued, "it is necessary to distinguish positive from negative Fascism. Positive Fascism knows how to destroy the old and rebuild the new, whereas negative Fascism knows only how to destroy." SECRETARY MORGENTHAU reported to President Roosevelt that Income tax receipts for the first quarter of the year were well above estimates and far more than a year ago. Payments to the close of business March 15, the day when all returns were due, were $147,794,000. In announcing this figure on the basis of telegraphic reports from collectors, the treasury said corresponding collections last year were $99,847,000. iln 1933, however, the date for filing returns was extended from March 15 to March 31, after the bank holiday. Treasury estimates of Income tax payments for Msrch are $250,000,000 as compared with $174,000,000 last March. The CI )f Current le World Over Congress to Provide for 12 ?Mussolini Predicts World Rickenbacker Causes Stir. TRACTS urging the public to donate cash to promote the sport of flying in Germany were circulated In Berlin Sunuay. t'nder the Versailles treaty public funds are not permitted to be used r** to stimulate aviation, ^ but the leaflet points J out that t lie treaty does not refer to pri|| vate initiative, and I ^ i adds: * "We are unable to ^construct military tiie devel2?gt?' opment of the sport n of flying and training Premier Goerin German people as flyring ^rg js entirely dependent upon ourselves and our readiness to make sacrifices." The demand for a German air force was also emphasized by Gen. Hermann Wilhelm Goerlnp, premier of Prussia and relchsminister of aviation, in speaking at a flying exhibition at tht Kssen airport. Goering declared that Germany can enjoy no security, no peace, no equality until she Is granted the right to defend herself In the air. This demand cannot he altered, the air minister proclaimed. "If other countries are permitted nit- in-aviesi weapons or artncK in me air. Hernia ny at least must he given the right of defense." he said. A DEMAND by Col. Edward V. Itickenhacker, famous war ace. that President Roosevelt "purge his official family of traitorous members" who advised hirn to cancel air mail contracts, threw the senate post office committee into an uproar Saturday. Chairman McKeller charged Itickenhacker with making a "political speech" and accused liim of "attacking the President." Itickenhacker replied: "1 am not attacking the President. It is my confidence In him that I do not want destroyed." Itickenhacker's statements came extemporaneously after reading a prepared statement denouncing cancellation of contracts as "unfair and unAmerican," and after cross-examination. arising from the witness chair, he declared cancellation had "caused doubt in the minds of millions of Americans." He continued: "It Is the doubt In the minds of millions whether all the President has so ably accomplished, such as the NIIA, OVA, gold content and others, has been proven or has had time to he proven, or whether they are us big a mistake as the cancellation of the airmail contracts; whether tomorrow that also may he questionable." lui-KeimucKer agreed witn unabergh and Clinmberlin that a federal aviation commission should be named to take charge of the industry at once and that the proiioscd bill is "destrucI tive to industry." SAMUEL IXSULL, fugitive utilities magnate, is, at this writing, some| where on the high seas aboard his chartered freighter Maiotis, bound for an unknown asylum. The Maiotis is the boat on which Insull made his secret escape from Greece, and which | was ordered to return by the authorlI ties when his absence from his hotel in Athens was discovered. Later he ' was given permission to-depart. Reports are vague as to his destination. Some say lie is bound for Abyssinia and that he would find refuge there from the indictments returned against him in Chicago. An Athens lawver who has renre- I sented Insull denied that Abyssinia was the g?al, but he would not suggest any alternative. His reticence was attributed to fears that a kidnap plot was being laid to snatch Insull from his slow-moving ship on the high seas. On the other hand, friends of the fugitive in his seventeen-month fight against extradition to the United States said that the Maiotis might remain at sea until April 20 "or perhaps longer." THE Bankhead compulsory cotton control bill, designed to stabilize cotton prices, passed the house Monday. This measure would limit production in the coming cotton year to 10.000,000 bales and levy a tax of 50 per cent of the market value on staple produced in excess of quotas allocated to producers. A FTER being grounded for eight ** days following a series of crashes that killed ten men in twenty-two days. United States army pilots took to the air again with the mail on ModPrecautions to put planes and men into safest possible condition have herokee Scout. Murphy, been taken by army officials. Blind and night flying equipment has been installed in planes. Two-way radio facilities have been put into planes on transcontinental routes, and soon will lie in all planes in mail service. Under the new setup the army will cover about 40 per cent of the route mileage formerly flown by the commercial lines, according to Maj. (Jen. Benjamin D. Foulois, chief of the air corps. CBEAKER R A INKY, irked by so ^ many old-time regular-; breaking away from the administration on veterans' legislation, has ordered a detailed check to show which house Democrats voted "wrong on -1 different occasions. I: i : <\v and other leaders are unwilling to admit that they plan any actios against the outstanding Irregulars. They say that nothing tangible can be done. "But we'll have the Information showing how many men have voted against us and on what occasions," the speaker said. I N A new revolt against administra* tion policy the house insisted on adding roore than &:<?MKJO.OOd in veterans* benefits and government pay to the federal outlays in the next fiscal year. However, this was a compromise, for the amendment adopted by the house involves a total annual expenditure of aproximntoh $!?0.000.fl00 for veterans as compared with the $118.000.000 called for un br the veterans' amendment adopted b\ ne senate. Briefly summarized, the house measure as sent to conference provides: 1. That all Spanish-American war veterans be restored to the pension rolls on a basis of To per cent of what thc?v rocol vt?.l nriup to ?>ri:i<-tinont of the economy bill last session. 2. That all World war veterans with service connected disabilities be restored to the rolls on a full basis. 3. That World war veterans with presumptive disabilities be returned to the rolls on a 75 per cent basis. In addition, it eliminates pensions for emergency officers, pensions for the widows of the men lost In uirship disasters, and knocks out the so-called Borah amendment limiting the restoration of the federal pay cut to persons receiving less than $0,000 a year. SENATOR WAGNER of New York, chairman of the national labor board, has put forth a warning that unless "misconstruction" and "evasion" of the collective bargaining provisions of the National Industrial Recovery Act are checked %,we may expect to witness a vast swelling of industrial unrest with the coming of spring." Secretary of Labor Perkins joined with Wagner and other witnesses before the hoard in urging the passage of Wagner's bill which would create a permanent ahor b??ard and outlaw employer Influence over the organization of employees. Representatives of the American Federation of Labor demand that employers be forced to recognize the unions and predict general strikes especially in the automobile Industry unless prompt action Is taken to satisfy the men. ESP1TE the fact that President Roosevelt phoned personally to a number of senators of both parties seeking to persuade them to vote for ^ ratification of the St Lawrence waterway \ treaty, the pact was defeated In the senate by a vote of 46 to 42? Thus the aftirmaff live vote was far beA. low the required two jt . ; > thirds of those voting ij Party lines were dls&L ^ M regarded. Twentyfljf two Democrats voted against ratification, Senator Lewie a,0[)g wUh ^ Repub. Ucans. In favor of the pact were 31 Democrats, 14 Republicans and 1 Farmer-La borite. Mr. Roosevelt, It was said in Wash lngton, was decidedly vexed by thit defeat of a major administration measure, and he began preparations tc resubmit the treaty at a future sessior of congress. Senator James Hamiltor Lewis of Illinois, Democratic whip ol the senate and one of the leading op ponents of the rejected treaty, pre dieted that Canada would soon offei the United States a substitute treaty This may be true, but dispatches re veal that in Montreal, at least, the de feat of the pact was hailed with J03 because business men there think th< project too expensive to be undertak en at this time. The President's warn ing that Canada would, on its owi lnitative, build an all-Canadian water way seems to be met by this new from Montreal. Chicago and the Mississippi valle; are blamed by Mr. Roosevelt for th< rejection of the treaty, and there Is ? doubt that their arguments agains the proposed restriction of dlversloi of water from Lake Michigan to 1,50 cubic feet a second were potent. Thl amount, according to Senator Lewi and other Middle West senators, wouli be wholly Inadequate to maintain nai lgatlon on the Mississippi waterwaj The Atlantic seaboard senators, toe were almost solidly against the treatj #by Wcaters Niwcp>m Pstos. N. C., Friday, March 30, 1' FifrRM ! Chinese Foot-Power I Prepared Oy National Geoeraj-hic Society. e Washington. i? C-?WNt* Service. CHINA has its lean years and fat, its serious famines in some sections, but on tiie whole it per- 8 forms pretty well its stupendous r job of feeding a quarter of the human c race. And it has carried on success- 1 fully for thousands of years, although x it has had none of the advantages of 1 scientific bureaus for tnc study of } soils, crops, arid weather conditions. t This enviable position China owes t to tiie note of permanent agriculture , struck by Its husbandmen when our ' ancestors were skin-clad nomads. In no other country od earth is It so true that "ail trade, as all life, rests upon t the farmer's primitive activity.*' I In < hina this is all the more slg- . nlflcant, for its soil nas been cultivated since the days of Noah, and has supported the densest population in thu ( world through millenniums of history t longer and more checkered than our ( own. , It is difficult to determine at exactly what period the Chinese settled In the "Middle Kingdom," but the latest arche* 1 ological discoveries seem to prove | that their first home on the Great ( Plain of northern China, near the Yel- t low river, was made so early that they | may, perhaps, be counted as the aborigines of the northwest China provinces. The Chinese themselves attribute to the Emperor Slien Nung, who is supposed to have lived about 2700 B. C., the arts of husbandry nnd the invention of the plow. Tills mythical personage stiil remains the patron of farmers and was, until the abolition of the monarchy, in 1011, worshiped | yearly at the season of the spring sow- I ing by the emperor In l'eiping, and by I his delegates in every province. To this sovereign are also credited j the original arrangements with re- ; gard to landed property in China. As i n matter of fact, it seems probable | that the early settlers separated Into i clans or family groups, that these clans came naturally to vest authority in elders, and that the latter in the course of nge3 became the rulers and, finally, the owners of the land. Vast Areas Not Cultivated. Despite the density of the rural population in China, where, in some provinces, there are sections having | 3.S00 i>eople, 3S4 donkeys, and 3S4 pigs j to the square mile, er 24U people, 24 I <lAnb... ? ...wl Ot -I uwuot <o, <imi *.-* |ii|;3 iu uue ui our 40-acre farms, there remain vast areas of uncultivated, because uncuUivatable. mountain land in China proper. , The Chinese are able to live on their | small holdings only by reason of favor! able climatic conditions, the fertility . of the soil, effective agricultural methods, extreme personal economy, and the small taxes taken by the . state. I That wise old Emperor K'ang lis!, In honor of the fifty years' jubilee of his reign, in 1711 A. D.. issued a decree saying that "as the population of the I empire increased, the amount of arable land did not increase," and that the land tax should therefore, be estii mated on the census of that year and ! j should never be increased. It never > t was. { i In 1753 the total revenue from the ! land tax stood at taels 29,000.000, or !> ; about $22,000,000 In gold, and In 1900 . taels 27,000.000 were collected from . I the same source, the decrease being . accounted for bv the rnInmiUo? ~t preceding years. If the week end traveler In China gets the Idea from looking out of train windows that he Is In a land of continuous farms and vegetable gardens; his Impressions are largely due to the fact that wherever cultivation la possible It Is highly Intensive, and that not an Inch which might be used Is wasted. Ona Family to the Farm. The working of a Chinese farm depends entirely upon personal human labor and generally upon that of one family. Tradition, custom, and economic con dltlona do not encourage the Invest ment of capital for large-scale farming The llelda of China, as already j pointed out, have been cultivated for several thousand years by the same , method without overtaxing their re ^ sources. This remarkable fact la dee to certain peculiarities of the ami Itself, plus very careful working, gutd I I Irrigation Whtel. % d by the experience of centuries. ' When we reflect upon the depleted ertility of our own older farin lands," s i'rof. F. H. King remarks, "com>arntlvely few of which have seen a entury's service, and upon the enornous quantity of mineral fertilizers vhich are being annually to hem In order to secure paying yields, ve cannot but admire how the Chinese lave managed to maintain so well s he first condition of farming?soil ferility?and to solve the problem of j soil exhaustion, one of the most fundamental, diflicult. and vital problems j >f nil civilized people." Perhaps the greatest agricultural I riumph of the Chinese farmer is his knowledge and use of natural fer- i ilizers. He cannot afford?nor, la j many places, could he obtain them, 1 even were he able to pay the price? [ expensive phosphates and nitrates i commercially prepared. The chief aids j ic can enlist In his everlasting battle igainst soil exhaustion are human and SQlmdl manure. In the West, and more especially In the United States, "man," to quote Professor King again. "is the most extravagant accelerator if waste the world has ever endured. His withering blight has fallen upon every living thing within his reach, himself not excepted, and his besom of destruction in the uncontrolled hands of a generation has swept into the sea soil fertility which only centuries of life could accumulate. . . . Fertilizer Carefully Saved. "On the basis of the data of Wolff, Kellner, and of Carpenter, or of Hall, the people of the United Stntes nnd of Kurope are (yearly) pouring into the sea, takes, nnd rivers, and into the underground waters, from 5.79-4 ,:UX) to 12,000.000 pounds of nitrogen. 1.SS1,900 to 4.151,000 pounds of potassium, and 777,200 to 3.057,000 pounds of phosphorus per million of adult population. and this waste we esteem one of the great achievements of our civilization. Whereas in China all this is saved nnd returned to the fields." Near every farmhouse, and often in a proximity to the living rooms that shock our olfactory nerves, stand potter jars for storing this precious fertilizer, later to be diluted with water before it Is "fed to the crops." Household waste, stubble, roughage from the fields, ashea, and the droppings from passing caravans, carefully collected by small boys with baskets and scoops, are all made Into compost by being mixed with earth. Agriculture In China fails naturally Into two great divisions?the "wet farming" of the canal, or rice growing, country, and the "dry farming" of the northern plains, or grain-growing se^. tion. The outstanding feature of Chinese agriculture is the amount of human labor expended upon It. Fields are prepared by hand, often watered by hand. Seeds are sown and crops tertill zed and reaped by hand. From dawn to dusk the farmer's family and animals work on the land, often conning the midday meal?* mess of millet?on an improvised mad stove and using as a manger for their beasts the cart that has carried out compost and will bring home the ripe crop. Though groups of villagers sometimes work together, hired help is rare. Consequently, the Chinese farmer and his family work their own lands unaided. Tills means, of course, phenomenal energy on the part of alL How Rico Is Grown, Nowhere Is the Industry of the Chinese farmer better Illustrated than In tho cnntliorn a* riAA.iTPAirlnc nrOV Inces, where climatic conditions permit of several (sometimes as many as four) crops a year from the same soil Since rice Is not only the staple, but the favorite food of the people, from the highest to the lowest. It Is not surprising that paddy fields form an eighth of the total area of cultivated land In tltina. Yet, notwithstanding the enormous acreage of rice planted each yea' since 8000 a C, this crop Is all set out In clumps and every spear transplanted by hand. The double operation allows the farmers to *onorolse their land and save In many ways except la labor, the one thing they base In superabundance. I
The Cherokee Scout (Murphy, N.C.)
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March 30, 1934, edition 1
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