Newspapers / The News-Herald (Ahoskie, N.C.) / Feb. 23, 1917, edition 1 / Page 7
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DAMA6E CAUSED BY CLOVER LEAF HOPPERS i ?i CONSTRUCTION OF FRAME FOR HOPPEROOZER. , The clover Imfhopper doen far more damage than la umumII.v realized. In a publication of the ('lilted States de partment of agriculture (Farmer#* Bul letin TH7) hy Kdmunil II. <ilbson. it Ik stated tlint the loss from (UIk cause to the clover and alfalfa hay crop# of the country la frequently attributed to j#*>r aoll and climatic condition#. For till# the minute sizc'of the pent, which frequently enable# It to escape obser vatlon. I# largely responsible. A# a matter of fact, continued attack# hy the Iqpfhopper. especially In some of ibe central states, often result In the foe# of a considerable )#?rceiitage of a single cutting. Crowd Together. It I# characteristic of leafhoppor# to crowd together In great numbers, u# many lis 000 having been counted upon one plant. In feeding upon the j plant the Insects make tiny punctures. ; Around these the tissue gradually be come* yellow, the s|s?t enlarging and becoming more pronounced until the leaflets ultimately curl up and the fol iage wllta. The female also force# her eggs Into the stem and leaf tissue, j frequently causing a gall-like forma tion. Alfulfa, clover, cowpea* and 1 vetch are among the principal plants attacked, but the pest Is common In meadow and [pasture lands and feed# ?m a number of cultivated ns well as 1 native grasses throughout practically the entire country. The clover lettfhop|pemia_4ibout one eighth of an Inch In length ami half as wide, and Is marked In a manner to distinguish It from many other kinds of clover and alfalfa. The funiier will distinguish leafhop|?er* from other la sects hy their habit of jumping, their quick movements, and their minute size. In certain respects they resem ble diminutive grasshoppers. Where It Spends Winter. As the clover lenfhopper spends the wjnter under clump# of grass, weeds < and trash, the burning of .rubbish and vegetation during winter months in waste places and along fence rows and roadsides will do much to prevent the ^ pest attaining destructive numbers the following year. This precaution will ^ destroy great numtpcr of other hiber nating Insects ms well a# the leafhop- ' per* During the growing season close cutting or [pasturing of grass land# 1# recommended. Cutting alfalfa crop# from a week to ten days earlier than usual will often 'check the ravages of ' the Insects and may 1m? advisable when there |# evidence that the leafhopper* (' are causing sufficient Injury to Justify the risk of loss through premature ' cutting. Kach year thla lenfhopper, hy less ening thewltallty of It# food plants. ? wcnslons more or less damage over ? ' Its entire range of distribution, caus ing n positive, although not easily estimated, decrease in the clover and ntfulfp hay crops of the country. ' Continued nttneks often result In the loss of a considerable ]percentage of a single cutting: especially is this true In wane of the central Ktate#. The lenfhopper causes the greatest dam- j age during the spring and early sum- j mcr months, as the foliage Is then most succulent and the tissues very . , I ! ? Favorite Food of Leafhopper. inracr, ruui'im* Ctrl! Hie iuihmiuic i leafhoppers readily to pierce the akin ! of leaf, and stem and auck the Juices. The incessant drain from concentrated utui'ckH causes the clover plants to wither, and although they may not die, the new growth which Is put forth Is very apt to be thin and spindling. With alfalfa it is the first two crops which appear to suffer most. The drain upon nlfalfa plants does not i show as markedly as with clover, es pecially during a drought, since the alfalfa roots go deeper into the ground and the plant Is better able to with stand adverse conditions. Known as Flies. In many localities these leofhop pcrs ore commonly known as "files." but In reality they resemble files only in having wings, nnd because they are about the size of many small flies seen in the fields. The adult or pa rent insects are light gray in color, but Success With Corn Crop. While corn culture under droughty conditions Is largely n matter of tak ing chances with seasonal conditions, certain controllable conditions of soli and seed often determine the success or failure of the crop Improves Qrads of Butter, If fanners will Improve the grade of their butter, or the cream that Is made Into butter, they will get a bet ter price for the output of their cow department lave numerous dark markings whlfk five them a mottled appearance. They ire about one-eighth of an loch In engUi and liulf as wide. The inunner In which they Jump roni plant to plant la much like tluit if grasshopper*. The primary Injury l* produced by he direct feeding of the leafhopiier*. ( 1'he single tiny feeding puncture la taelf Inconsequential, and Injury re mit* only when a treat number of eafhopiier* attack the mine plant. The clover leafliopiier la --distributed generally throughout the United States, record* ahowlug it* occurrence n every section of the country. Ita *ange also Includes southern Canada ind Mexico. The number of generations of the ealhopper produced annually In a giv ui locality varies from year to year. lojM'ndlng on weather conditions, and t also varies lh different latitudes and 'llinate*. For sou?hern Missouri and lorthern Arkansas there are usually three distinct broods, covering ap proximately (1) April and May, (2) Tune and July, and (3) August and September. Farther south or undej uilitroplcal conditions It Is prtthahle hut there are four or more. Merely Hide in South. In the northern states the clover j leafhopper hibernates In the adult j rtage. at the base of clumps of grass ind weeds and under dried leaves and I trash. Throughout the central and 1 x A i i Clover Leaf hopper?a. Adult; b. Nymph, Side View; c, Nymph, Dor- i ?al View; d, Face; e, Elytron. voutlieru stale* it could hardly In* said to hibernate; Instead, the adults mere- , ly keep In hiding and under cover dur- ' ng cold weather, coming out on warm [lays to husk In the sun and feed u|>on 1 inch green foliage as ran he found. In Missouri, for example, the adult In jects have been observed feeding upon wheat during January and February, but not In any abundance. Nymphs rarinbt long survive cold weftther. and it is not probable that eggs survive ' over winter. In the extreme South- ] west, where conditions are radically different, the lenfhopper Is active | throughout the entire year. The adults are quick of movement and Jump from plant to plant when disturbed. When strong winds pre- ' vail they remain In hiding, as they ' seem to dislike windy weather. Their most characteristic habit Is that of | congregating in great numbers on one s plant, frequently to sueh an extent ] that they crowd one another. This Is what causes the concentrated attacks j In "spots" throughout a field. The clover lenfhopper does not seem to seek shady or damp places, rather pre ferring the heat of the midday sun. Nymphs Not Active. The nyinphs are much less active than the adults and are not easily dis turbed. When one brushes against 1 the plants they cling fast to the stems 4 and leaves instead of jumping to an other plant. For direct control the hopperdozer Is recommended. Any form of this de- , vice that suitable for grasshoppers will do for the clover lenfhopper as well, but a much lighter and less ex- \ pensive one can he made for the small er insects by stretching canvas over a | wooden frame. This can be made of such light weight that It will not In- i jure the alfalfa and clover plant when I it is pulled over a field. Two horses, one hitched at either end, are used, i for drawing It. On the Inside of the < canvas n thin coat of a sticky sub stance made of tree tanglefoot which \ has been thinned with cheap castor oil Is spread with a paddle or shingle. As j the leafhoppers and other insects alight on the surface of this substance they are held fast. Such substances as cheap sorghum have been tried In place of tree tanglefoot. The sorghum, , however, dries out too quickly and fre- | quent application* of It have to he . made. It Is best to draw the hopper dozer through the fields when the crop ( is about half grown. PREVENT SCAB OF POTATOES , Treatment With Disinfecting Solution la Recommended to Guard Against Fungous Diseases. Treating seed potatoes with a (Unin fecting solution to prevent scab and other fungous diseases Is but little trou ble, and the expense Is smnll. An hour's time and a half-dollar expended for the purpose will often add $23 to $30 to the value of the crop from an acre of potntoes. I Good Place for Harness. Provide a good place for the harness. Falling from hooks behind the horses lyid being tramped In the mnnure Is carelessness. Mud Hole Unnecessary. A mud hole la not a necessity lot the pigs. The sanitary wallow that disinfects them Is by far the best. Beat Producing Cows. Comfortable, contented cows are the beat producers. lIYE-ST0CK-FRUIT-DAIRYIHB-8ARDEMN8-FIELD CROPS-SI. Of- ICS 0 v~r Hrm WH-klaa FARM r Maklrtf th# I | AND - c,""w j .Bok.new I Agriculture FIELD Areflubl* TOLD m id IKTERESTIK8 MAKIER EXPRESSLY FOR OUR ANDERS SELECTING BEST HERD BOAR iVhy It It Important for Breeder to Chooee Animal With Much Care? Some Suggestions. By W. T. WA8EL, Colorado Agricultural College, Fort1 Collins.) The time is approaching when the nog breeder must .select and mate his breeding herd. It is of prime impor tance that the hoar be selected with rare. The expression "The mule is urn of the herd," is often quoted. This t>y experience has been found true. There is a uniform prepotency in both lexes; thus, the influence of the two Duroc-Jersey Boar. parent* on the offspring is theoretical ly equal. However, the boar has the greater influence on the herd. Each pig in the herd is sired by the one boat, hut there are several dams. A well-selected male used on a herd inferior sows will make a great im provement in the offspring. However, the use of an inferior boar on wellbred sows will have a correspondingly bad result. The breeder should select his herd boar at an early date, and get him accustomed to his ifbw surroundings. The system of feeding and manage ment is very important in getting the male into the best condition before mating. PROBLEM OF WARMING FEED Resourceful Farmer Makes Use of Two Barrels and Fresh Manure to Heat Slop for Hogs. fBy R. C. ASHBY. University Farm. St. Paul.) A resourceful Minnesota farmer re ports that he has solved the problem i?f warming the slop-feed for his hogs. Two barrels are placed near the feed ing troughs and a day's supply of feed Is placed in each. The barrels are Heavily banked with fresh manure from the horse barn. The heating of the [die warms the feed in the barrels, us each day's supply stands for 24 Hours before using. ? Whenever neces sary the banking is hauled away and it new supply packed about the bar rels. Opinions differ as to the relative ef ficiency of slop-feeding and dry-feed ing. but disregarding the matter of ef ficiency, some hog raisers prefer slop feeding for brood sows in winter for another reason. In winter hogs do not drink enough water unless the wa ter is warm or supplied at frequent intervals. By mixing water with the erraln the feeder controls tbs amount of water consumed by his hogs. MAKING USE OF ROUGH LAND Acre* Not Suitable for Regular Farm Cropa Will Support Sheep With Little Expense. Every farmer with a few acres of pasture has a good chance to raise sheep. On msny farms there are a few acres of rough lands not suitable lor regulur farm crops. Tills land with the proper attention would support a few sheep, perhaps with very little nvtra oTtiutwp for fotw1 GARDEN WASTES ARE USEFUL Pig It Primary Waste-User and Must Be Kept in Its Plane?Avoid Buying Feeds. The pig that has to live exclusively :>n bought foods will cost more than Its pork Is worth, uuless It Is given t special valuation for home use. The pig Is primarily a waste user, and It must be kept in Its place. Make It use the garden wastes. \LFALFA IS CHEAPEST FEED Profitable to Have Rack Filled With Third or Fourth Cutting Avail able All the Time. It Is without doubt profitable to have a rack filled with good third or fourth cutting of alfalfa available all the time so every bunch of hogs on the farm can eat this hay at their pleasure. It Is the cheapest feed we have. Overworked Horse. When a horse won't eat Just afte^ coming In from a day's work, you have stuck to your Job too lpng. Doesn't pay you nor the I torse, either. Salt for Horse. A brick of salt should be In every horse stall. There Is no danger then Of oversaltlng, and the horses always have what they need. Salt Is Sheep Medicine. Salt Is medicine to a sheep, and It Is cheap medicine at that. j HELP SWAYING YOUNG TREES Much Injury Can Bsi Prevented by Employing 8takes ae Shown in II luatratlon Herewith. t ? Many young trees, through the ac tion of the wind, weave about and wear an opening In the soil at tlielr base, thus admitting water and air to their detriment. One can keep a close watch and straighten up these loos ened. swaying trees, filling In around thein as necessary, especially after strong winds, wh'ch usually accom-. pany a rain that has made the ground soft and yielding, but sometimes this is not done till Incalculable damage has been done the trees. The prevent ives Illustrated are preferable to the "cure," writes M. Coverdell of Iowa in Farm and Home. In Fig. 1 four stakes are driven firmly In the ground and soft strings, a, run from stakes to tree trunk, al lowing only slight movement of trees. In Fig. 2 one stake Is driven on the north side of tree Jind one on west side. Stiff sticks, a a. are securely tied to stakes and trunk of tree. Sticks must be wrapped with cloth** I ... i I n$.i ngu | where they come in contact with tree. This also la a fine method of straight ening up a tree with a crooked trunk, one of the stiff sticks being bound to the trunk at a point considerably high er than the other, and a third stick at tached to the stake, lower down on the trunk. The length of these sticks will be determined by the crook of the tree, they being arranged so as to pull It struight. Sticks should be forked, to facilitate fastening to truuk of tree. MANURE NEEDS FOR ORCHARD Where Soil Was Originally Thin Dress ing May Be Required to Keep Trees Growing. After fruit trees bear a few years, i if the soil was originally thin, a dress- j ing of barnyard manure way be need ed to keep the trees in growing condi tion and to insure the formution of fruit buds. It will be require!! that the trees grow every year in order that they may form fruit buds. Since growth is necessary, nitrogen In the soil will be necessary also. Warm soil may lack available nitrogen, hence the need of barnyard manure or commer cial nitrogen. Old orchard soils may need organic matter. This the barnyard manure will also supply. There is no other fertility thut will stimulate growth on trees better than barnyard manure, for It affords both organic matter and i nitrogen. In applying manure to large trees do not muke the mlstuke of applying ! the manure close to the tree, around the trunk. The young roots where the plant food is to be obtained for old trees may be considerable distance from the trunk of the tree. It is a good practice to spread the manure as far away from the trunk as the branches extend, possibly farther. This will provide that the manure is above many of the roots that are to absorb plant food. WINTER WORK IN ORCHARDS ?i? Cut Away Dead Limbs and Use for Fuel?Remote Dying Tree* and Destroy Insects. Any time during the winter when we have time we cun cut away all the dead limbs in the orchard and cut them up Into fuel for the cook stove. The chances are we will be getting rid of a number of bugs and worms that are lying dormant, waiting for spring to begin destroying tree or fruit. Dead or dying trees can be removed and the ground made Into line condi tion to receive a young free. Dynamite out the old tree and leave the hole exposed during the winter and the Insects around there will be de stroyed. TIME TO PRUNE GRAPEVINES, In Cold Climates It Is Well to Wait Until Severe Cold Weather la Practically Over. In mild climates November Is the time to prune grapevines; but I it very cold localities It Is safer to delay the pruning until severe cold Is practically over?say the latter part of February. Cut back new wood so as to leave only two or three buds on ench cane. 8mall Bush Fruits. Currants and gooseberries produce fruit on the wood that Is two and three years old. Raspberries, black berries and dewberries produce their fruit on wood of the previous year's growth and the old canes should be discarded at once., Exhibit Good Fruit. If yon have any good fruit, exhibit It at yonr nearest fair. The reputa tion a man gets In this way Is worth money, even If he never takes a single premium. [ MISSOURI TRAP NEST IS SATISFACTORY " tliy T K QCIHKNISKRRY. MUwM.rl I a Siat? Poultry Ktpcrimtnt Station.) ! |, There are many kinds of home ,, made trap heats, but none have proved no satisfactory with ux ax tlilx one. The nests are of goixl xlzv, 1- by IS ^ Inches Inside Measure ami 12 to 1."? |( Inehex high. A lamrd 3 inches high j, is put uerosx the nest 12 Inches from j the buek, which makes a nest 12 t, incties square, and this laiard holds j, the nesting material in place. The w nestx should be built In pair*. This n makes a next in which a good larife j, hen can be comfortable either sitting 3 or standing. which is a desirable quid- j, Ity in a trap nest. This d<a?r and trig'- j, ger can be umimI on any sort of next or box you care to use. a The laxly of the nest is built of light j h material, one-half or five-eighths Inch u lumber. The trigger and front door w should be made of seven-eighths or si Inch material. Nestx which are to la* d placed under tight droppings platform d or underneath any object which will s< prevent the fowls from roosting on tl them need he covered only with one- ci u> i r# -/~i baehitely prevent the trigger from. itulintr against tilt' side. Free action t this trigger Is positively required. Setting the Trigger. The trigger must be set in such a , osltlon that when tlie dour is swung/ itwnrd ami rest* on the notch It wllr e Invitingly open niul at the name fine this opening must he small nough to prevent the hen walking ito the neat without touching the door 1 ith her hack. As she steps into tlie : est and slightly raise* the door, the rigger Is released and falls backward. I 'he d?W>r then swings down and the olnted end of the trigger rises be- < lud It. effectually locking It. Sec that the nesting material dews of interfere with the trigger. Long i ay or straw may eventually get piled ( p In audi a .manner a* to interfere j Itli Its action. To remove the hen. > imply turn the button and swing the ( is?r outward, or if you prefer, turn. ' own the point of the trigger and wing the door in toward the top of I ie nest, thus permitting the bird to 1 >ine out. Of course the nest can lw? j ! > ? I LEFT INSIDE WALL OF NEST AS IT FACES YOU. inch mesh pdultry netting. Otherwise make the top of the nest tight. It is h good idea to leave an inch opening in the back or sides of the nests for ventilation. Wire Door Favored. I'se n door consisting of a frame over which small mesh wire has been racked. We like the wire door better than a solid wooden d<>or. because of the fart that It affords ample ventila tion. the lack jot which is one of the main fault* of the average trap nest. The door is hung on screw eyes/ which fasten in the upper edge of the frame. With a gimlet or small bit make holes in sides ami partition for heavy wire near top entrance, from which suspend the doors by screw eye*. This permits the doors to swing buck and forth freely, and makes a cheap hinge. The door Is checked by means of thumb buttons, which are placed on the front of the center partition and act as a stop for both doors. If you should be troubled with the buttons working loose, tighten them. The trigger can be uttuched to the side of the nest box by using a long screw, but In every case It must work freely. The screw must lie set squarely into the side of the box to HOME-MADE INSECT KILLERS Get Chicken Houses and Floors Cleared of Dust and Dirt Before Applying ^ -'--fectants. With the Increased price of drttgs, . It behooves us to make every drop count, by Kitting the chicken house and the floors cleaned of dust and dirt j before applying. The first step 5s to remove all movable furniture, clear j out the litter from the floor, taking j with it, if a dirt floor, the first two or i three Inches. Then sweep down walls, ceilings and rafters. A hot spray of ! soapsuds or salt water will kill \Vhere- ! ever it reaches; but the mites hide In I corners, under slivers, and in knot-j holes, where it is hard to get to them. , An ounce of carbolic add to a gallon of whitewash will smother the mites, and lighten up the house. No treat ment will rid a house of mites on the ? first trial; It Is necessary to treat three 1 ! times, at Intervals of ten days. A gal-1 Ion of kerosene, to which has been add-1 ed a pound of naphthaline, makes a good paint for going over the wood work hard to reach with the spray, and also is good for the roosts. Shake well each time before using. DAMAGED FEED FOR POULTRY At Present Prices Poultryman May Find It Economical to Buy Good Grade of Salvage. In buying salvage wheat the factor of whether or not the chickens will eat it is very Important. There are two kinds of salvage wheat. One is ? water soaked, which when it comes through a fire smellR very strong and hag n bad taste. The hen will turn Lthis down every time. Fires occurring in elevators where there are no fire-fighting facilities leave I the wheat In n better condition. There may be a little charred wheal In It, hut the fiery and water-soaked "odor is not present; consequently the paln tabllity of the grain is not much af fected. At the present prices one may find It paying to feed a good grade of salvage. FEEDS FOR BREEDING STOCK Keep In Mind Importance of Material! Carrying Proper Proportion of Protein and Fata. tn feeding your breeding slock, keep well In inlnd the Importance of bal anced fK-da, those cnrrylng the proper proportion of protein, carbohydrate* and fata. Make regular uae of hopper* to con tain ma*h feed* and beef scrap, either of which poultry can have acee?a to at all times; also the grit, oyster shell and charcoal. The hens are wiser than many give them credit for, and will. If given this chance, do their own "bal inrtng " set In h partition with a back door < through which flie hen may he re moved. It is necessary to drive a nail Into the side of the Ih>x In such a manner as to cneck the failing trigger, when the sharp end rises to a point where it safely looks the door. The point of ( the trigger should rest near the hot- , torn of the door when it Is closed. The , trigger resting on the back of the door prevents any hen on the outside from coming In and the door closing against the button prevents the hen In the nest from releasing herself. Prefer Secluded Spot. The hens prefer to lay in some se cluded spot. Don't put the nest down on the floor or out where It Is too light. The hens see the soft shelled eggs and the broken eggs, and they often develop the habit of egg eating. The nests should be simple and constructed so they may he euslly removed. We prefer to pi ce the nests under the droppings platform. This Is a convenient place, and the nests do not occupy any o: the valuable floor or wall space. \'ou should have one nest to every lour hens. Keep the nests absolutely clean and remove the nesting material quite often. BAD TRAITS ARE INHERITED While Chicken Are Maturing, Watch DiStingu'r ilr" Characteristics and ul Undesirables. Ii has been proved that criminal tendencies arc inherited, and that crime runs in families. If it were not true that the laws of heredity "were evident In the culture of chickens, there would lie no possibility of breed ing with any assurance of obtaining a desired color, size or shape. While, then, the chickens are maturing and their distinguishing characteristics are asserting themselves positively, be on the lookout for bad characters ami weed out the undesirables. The bunrr is pressing a tendency that was born in her. She interferes with the con tentment of the flock, and keeps the rest in a continual state of excite ment. This in turn affects their lay ing, their appearance and their health, and she should be dealt with dras tically. The feather-puller and. egg cater are in the same class, and they should all go the same road?to the market.?-Clemson College Bulletin. KANSAS RATION FOR WINTER ? Dry Mash Made of Cornmeal, Mid dlings, Meat Scraps, Linseed Oil Meat and Alfalfa.. The ration used In winter feeding on the poultry farm of the Kansas State Agricultural college Is a dry mash made according to the following formula: 00 pounds of cornmeal. 00 pounds of wheat middlings or shorts, 50 pounds of meat scraps. 30 pounds of wheat bran, 10 pounds of linseed oil meal, 10 pounds of milled alfalfa, and 11 pounds of salt. This Is fed In connection with a scratching feed thrown Into the litter and consisting of three parts of wheat, two parts of corn and one part of oats, all by weight, fIrit. oyster shell and charcoal are kept before the birds all the time, and they are fed once a day all the green fond they will eat clean In half an hour. * If skim milk Is fed. the meat scrap in the dry mash Is cut one-half. In i order to Induce the hens to drink I i enough of the milk, they should he i given no water. PREVENT BIG POULTRY LOSS Much Money Can Be Saved Poultry man by Keeping Moueea Com fortable?Clean Up Now. Half the chicken* hntched In the United State* die of the white diar rhea ; 75 per cent of the chicken rais er* In the country have loose* from rotlp. ? The way td prevent these losses ts by keeping the poultry cotnfortuhle and clean. The time to overhaul the poultry yards nod house* is uoW. pAlgy Facts ro OBTAIN HEALTHFUL MILK Jowl, Barns and Yards Must Bs Kept Clean?Small Top Pails Keep Out Foreign Matter. By V R. JONKt? Dairy Husbandry De partment, South Dakota 8tate College.) Cow* must be healthy and kept .?lean. Hams should be kept clean, well ighted and ventilated. The barnyard should be kept clean ind pro|?erly drained. Utensils should be thoroughly cashed and sculded or steamed and ;ept in a clean room. Cows should be fed good wholesome ood and pure water. Milkers and attendants who come n contact with the milk should be lealthy and clean. Ootys should ?not be fed at milking inie or immediately before. Dust from eed falls into the mP.k and contain uates It with germs. Wipe the udder and side of cow vith a damp cloth and milk with ?lean, dry hand. Use small-topped milking pail. This ie!ps to keep foreign matter from the nilk. Remove the rallli immediately after nilking to a separate roon from the mm to be strained and cooled. Cool nilk to as low a temperature as pos sible without freezing. Forty or fifty legrees F. retards growth of most terms, and particularly those that a use ndlk to sour quickly. SCRUB COWS AND DAUGHTERS Iowa Collegw Makes Interesting and Instructive Comparison?-Record of Holstein Grade. A very interesting and Instructive comparison is made between the rec ords of individual scrub cows aud their own grade daughters us shown by ex|>erlments at the Iowa college. The best monthly record of one Hol stein grade shows un increase of 07 per cent in amount of milk and S3 per cent in the amount* of butterfat as com pared wltl^the best monthly record of her dam, this being the best monthly record for these two cows during three lactation periods for each one. The average for the three lactation pe Holstein Dairy Cow. rlods shows thut the ilolsteln cross had an increased production of 101 per cent in milk and 53*4 per cent in fat as compared with her mother whicli was oue of the original scrubs. One Guernsey cnVss showed an In crease of 110 per cent In milk and 107 per cent iu quantify of butterfat as compared to the corresponding best montl\ of her mother; whereas her av erage Increuse, that is, her increase io total ahiouut of milk and butter for the entire period of lactution, showed an inciyase of 131 per cent in milk and 130 per cent of butterfat as com pared with her mother. EARLY AND GENTLE TRAINING Task of Halter-Breaking Heifer Calvea Cannot Be Begun Too Early? Handle Them Daily. Hnlter-brcnk all tlie heifer calves before they get very large. Can't do it too soon. No matter whether you ever lead your cows or not you wunt them broke to lead. Handle the calves dully as they grow. Hub them, fool around their hind quarters so that they will not be scared or ticklish the first time they are milked. FOR PURE DAIRY PRODUCTS Clean Milk, Quick Cooling and Prompt Delivery Are Factors of Much Importance. The number of bacteria in milk de pends largely upon clennliQess ut milk ing and handling, tempera ttfre at which milk is kept and age of milk. Therefore, clean milk, quick cooling, and prompt delivery are very impor tant factors in producing pure dairy products. PRODUCT OF IMPROVED COW W.ld Animal Gave Only Enough Milk to Nourish Its Young?30,000 Pounds Yearly Now. The wild cow gave only enough milk to support its young. Proof of whut man hus been able to do in im proving dairy cattft* Is found in the fact that production is more than 30, 000 pounds, the present world's record for milk per year. Temperature of Water. Wash-water used 121 the churn should be approximately the same tempera ture as the buttermilk, or within two degrees of It. Stool Facilitates Milking. A mllklng-stool of proper height will enable most milkers to handle fully one-third more cows without fatlguu than If It Is too low. It is impossible to make sweet, clean-flavored butter from old, un even cream.
The News-Herald (Ahoskie, N.C.)
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Feb. 23, 1917, edition 1
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