7T1 i
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11 Trh 6T1 ;
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yOL IX.THIED SERIES
SALISBURY, 17. G, APRILS 4, 1070.
11024
SHALL WE USE GUANO.
The time is fast approaching when
everyone (farmer) must determine for
biniself or through the advice of some one
hether he will hay commercial manures
for .the preseufc cuwuu v . in
clined to listen to tho agents of guano
companies he will certainly use itlirgely..
if an the other hand he follows tho advico
uf others who know nothing of. the farm , lf from the sofa, where he had been lj
le will not use it at all. Say s the guano j inS n tears for half an hour, and with a
man you need have no fears of my brand i touch of indiguation in his voice an-
it has been-analyzed by your State chem
iat and here is his statement; none can go
wrong now, all is raado plain and easy for
every one to know what he iV buying. I
just want to say a few words on this sub
ject. There is tq-day opinions on this
very question as widely different as can
eIist on any one subject .Some contend-:
ing tlat analysis are utterly worthless to
tiie fanner, that coraraerciaband agricul
mrat values are not interchangeable terms
-"-that a ton of fertilizer whose commer
cial tabic is $50. may not be worth 5510.
to the farmer, that all depends upon the
available character of the ingredients as
plant food, that the red hot crucible of
test levels all distinctions on this subject.
jOthers there are who thirtk that these
analysis are of the highest value to the
fanner. This subject has been well dis
.cussed byDr. Pollard State chemist of
Virginia, and Dr. Elzy of Blacksburg
Academy. They are occassionally bringing
to their help Prof. Laws arid Dr. Voelcker
-and others. Without troubling your read
ers with the learned opinion of those gen
tlemen I can say that my own conclusions
are that no analysis that does not tally
well with field experiment is worth any
thing to the farmer. What can our ex
igence say in this field of enterprise,
has guano been profitable to those using
it in llowan ? I believe that those who
have used it moderately and judiciously,
cau say that they have realized a profit.
I believe that now since everything must
be of tho best quality to sell readily that
its use is of more importance. I believe
that any good fertilizer will pay some
profit on its cost by increased production,
apart from a great improvement in quality.
1 believe further that when paid for in
cotton we can and ought to use some. 1 be
lievethatevery farmeronghttoraiseall the
cotton he can after a good supply of every
thing good for family use. 1 believe every
man who raises cotton to the neglect of
these things is a fool. I believe, that the
1'iedmont guano is the best iu our market
uud the Navassa next.
... FARMER";
BEAR HUNTING.
The following singular means of captur
ing or killing the bear is said to be fre-
. quently practiced by Russian peasants
whocannot easily procure lire-arms. As
is well known, the War has a fondness for
honey, and will track his way agrc.tt dis
tance to whero the, wild bees have fillet
R01110 hollow tree. lheir stmg cannot
hurt him. and thev and their' stores arc
entirely at his mercy. In a forest known
.to contain bears, the hunters examine all
tho hollow trees, till they discover a wild
bee-hive. A branch of the tree is then
chosen, directly above the hole j if thero
is no such branch a stout pog Is driven in
to the! trunk. To this peg a strong cord
is fastened, and to the eud of the cord a
heavy stone or cannon ball is suspended,
at about half a foot from the ground. The
bear in his researches comes upon the
treasures of honey. The pendulous bar
rier obstructs and incommodes him a goot
deal. He is an irritable brute-; in such
cases one of the most irritable- as well as
stupid in the forest. Ho begins by shov
ing the weight or stono to one side ; butrj
it presses against his head, and he gives
it a slight kuock to free himself from tho
inconvenience. It recoil a. inomont and
he recites a smart tap on the ar. His
temper is roused, and ho again push
es off the hard and heavy mass, but more
violently ; he gets rather a heavy blow ou
the side of his skull, on its return. He
becomes furious, and with-a powerful jerk
sends the rock swinging away.
, The pendulum cannot tire of this,
game j and it is a game in which the blows
are felt on one side exclusively. The bear
alone suffers; and the point is that he? suf
fers as much by the blows he gives as by
those he gets. He takes double punish
ment; His very retaliations are all against
himself ; and for every furious push which
makes his skull ache, he receives au im
mediate equivalent, which makes it ache
again. At last his rage is unbounded ; he
hugs tho rock ; ho strikes it ; ho bites it ;
but whenever ho would thrust his heat:
into the hive, back ou his ear falls the ob
etruction, against which his terrible hug
.or-the blows of his paw are of no avail
The bruto is maddened. Ho faces his
strange and pertinacious tormentor, and
once more makes it rebound from his skull.
But back again it swings like a cursfe,
which returns Upon the head from which
it started. The bear falls exhausted un
der these reiterated blows, one more vio
lent than, another ; and if he-bo not dead,
the-hunters, who have watched the con -,
test from their hiding place, soon dispatch
him. Russia and the Humans.
1
The childreen of a clerevmnnV iamilv
in Aberdeen were making, themselves
happy propounding conundrums. Final
ly one of them said, "Who was the meek-
est woman 1"- The clergyman seemed
truck with a fresh thought, and replied,
quickly, "We don't read of any." But
madam made herself even with him when
she rejoined, with quito as much quick
ness: " Well, we read of only one such
man, and from the fuss that's madaaWut
him it's plain they're scarce."
Into the Sunshine.
"I wish father would come home."
The voice that Mid this had a troubled
.tone, and the face that looked up was
very saa.
"Your fatherly ill be very angry," said
an aunt who was sitting in the room with
a book iu her hand. The boy raised him
swercu :
"He'll be sorry, not angry. Father
never gets angry."
- 1 or a moment the aunt looked at the
boy half curiously, and let her' eyes fall
upon the book that was ia her hand. The
boy laid himself down upon the sofa again,
and laid his face from Ritrht. . -
"Thavs- father nqw V lie started up,
after a lapse of nearly ten mfnutes, as tle
sound of tho bell reached his ears, and
went to the room door. He stood there
for a while, and then came slowly back,
saying with a disappointed air : -
"It isn't father. I wonder what keeps
him so late. O. I wish he would come !"
"You seem anxious to get deeper into
trouble," remarked the aunt, who had
been only in the house for a week and
who was neither very amiable, nor very
sympathizing toward children. The boy's
fault had provoked her, and she consider
ed him a fit subject for punishment.
"I believe, Aunt Phebe, that you'd like
to see mo whipped," said the boy a little
warmly. "But you won't." "
"I must confess," replied Aunt Phebe,
'that I think a little wholesome discipline
ef tho kind you speak of would not be out
of place. If you were my child I am very
sure you-wouldn't escape.
'I'm not your child; I don't want to be.
Father's good and loves me."
"If your father is so good, and loves
you so well, you must io ungrateful, or
very inconsiderate boy. His goodness
doesn't seem to haveiielped you much."
"Hush, will you !" ejaculated the "boy,
excited to ansrer, by this uukmduess of
speech iu his aunt.
Phebe !" It was the boy's mother who
spoke now for the first time. In an un
dertone she added: "You are wron
Richard is suffering quite enough, and
vou are doinir him a barm rattier tliau a
good."
Again the bell rang, and again the boy
left his seat 011 the sofa, and went to the
sitting room door.
"It's father!" and he went gliding down
stairs.
"Ah, Richard !" was the kindly greet
ing, as Mr. Gordon took the hand of his
boy. "But what's the matter, my sou?
You don't look happy."
"Won't you come in heret" and Rich
aid drew his father into the library. Mr.
Gordon sat down; still holding Richard's
hand.
"You are troubled, my son. What has
1 i
The eyes of Richard filled with tears as
Ire looked into his father's face. He tried
to answer, but his lips quivered. Then
he turned away, and opening the door of
thejeabinet, brought out the fragments of
a broken satuette, which had beou sent
home 0UI3' the day beforo, and . set them
on the table before his father, over whose
countenance there came instantly a shad
ow of regret.
"Who did this, my boy t" was asked in
an even voice,
"I did it."
"How!"
"I threw my ball in there once only
once, in forgetfulness."
A littlo while Mr. Gordon sat controll
ing himself, and collecting his disturbed
thoughts. Then he said cheerfully
"What is done, Richard, can't be help
ed. Put the broken pieces away. You
have had trouble enough about it, I can
see, and reproof enough for your thought
lessness, so I shall not add a word to in
crease your pain."
"O. father !'' and the boy threw his
arms about his fatlter's neck.
Five minutes later and Richard entered
the sittinir room with his father. Aunt
Pfiebe looked up for two shadowed faces,
and did not see them. She was puzzled.
"That was very uufortunate," she said,
a littlo while alter Mr. Goudon, came.
"It was such an exquisite work of art."
Richard was leaning against his father
when his aunt said this. Mr. Gordon
only smiled and drew his arm closely a-
round his boy.
Mrs" Gordon threw upon her sister
look of warning, but it was unheeded.
"I think Richard was a very- naughty
boy."
'"We have settled all that, Phebe," was
the mild but firm answer of Mr. Gordon;
".and it i one of our rules to cet into the
sunshine as quickly as possible,"
In a thriving town in Michigan a year
or two ago, and when tho country was
full of agents, and almost everybody was
affent for something or other, a certain
infant of that town, being blessed by the
o v
advent of a -baby-brother, was very in-
qiiisitivo as to where the little stranger
p.inie from. Beins informed that Dr.
S-i had brought it, ho stood in a brown -
study for a moment, when, with the in-
tell igent look of one who has solved a
diffimilt matter, he asked : "Say. pa, is he
amit for thpni f"
CHRISTIANITY AND INFIDELITY.
Letter from an eminent Minister of the
Gospel.
;Ciiapel Hill, March 25, 1878.
1 - -
To the Editor of the News :
Sir: I have just read your editorial
on "The Spread of Infidelity." It indi
cates bo much anxiety, on your own part,
and fs so likely to ereate discouragement
in the minds of some at least, of your
readers, that I feel constrained to write
you a hasty letter on the same subject.
In the General Epistle of Jude, written
about A. D. 66, are these words : "But,
beloved, remember ye the words which
were spoken before of the Apostles of our
Lord Jesus Christ : how that they told
you there should be mockers in tho last
timc( who should walk after their own
ungodly lusts. TBcse be they who sepa
rate themselves, sensual, having not the
Spirit."
With such a prophecy of men like In-
gersoll, how can any one be surprised at
tlreir appearance. Fvcry time the blatant
infidel opens his lips to ridicule and de
fame the doctrines and devotees of Christ,
he is a plain fulfilment of prophecy, and,
iu so far, a proof of the truth of that which
he assails and denies.
But infidelity is nothing now. It has
fought Christianity in some way almost
from the night that the shepherds listen
ed the angels' song. Bishop Bascom
truly said that the enemies of Christianity
have retired from every conflict "with the
names of their conquerors and the glory
of God written ou their broken and dis
mantled shields."
While tho old arguments in proof of the
Bible stand impregnable, the old argu
ments of tho scoffers remain ouly as fallen
and scattered rubbish to remind this age
of the delusion and shame of those who
originated or advanced them.
As to the infieldity of the present thi-,
permit me to say that your picture is too
highly colored. Germany is not "almost
wholly infidel." The faith of Luther is
still dear to tho German heart. While
recluse philosophers are wasting their
lives iu transcendental dreamings, there
are also mighty intellects producing grand
evangelical works to vindicate the integ
rity of our religien, to defend the altars
of the true faith in Germauyand through
out Christendom. As to France, it has
not for centuries had enough religion to
furnish room for a "decline." - It has
long been weighed down by an effete sys
tem that is too low to fall. In England,
just as in every country that has tried the
policy of a union between Church and
State, from the days of Constautine, there
is always a tendency towards seculariza
tion in the ruling church. At the samo
time dissenting churches aro seriously
embarrassed and retarded. Many other
evils aro incident. But iu England and
Scotland the work of God is gloriously
advancing. Religion rules the Throne,
the Parliament and the Press to a great
extent. Italy has been poor, fallen Italy,
since the overthrow of the old Empire.
She cannot be counted with the failures
of this century. To-day there is more
hope for her than there has been for many
centuries.
In America the churches are growing
with great rapidity. In May, 1778, there
were only 6095 Methodist in tho U. S. To
day there are about 2,800,000. Giving
four to one, wo have over eleven millions
by predilectiou, under more or 'less in
fluence from that one church, besides the
nearly three million members. The
Methodist. growth in the South, since the
war, has beeu astonishingly great. There
lias likewise been most encouraging prog
ress in the Baptist Church throughout the
country. Other denominations of promi
nence are in vigorous activity with bo in
dications of decline. Many thousands of
converts are entering tho various church
es every year. The rising generation
arc gathered about tho sacred altars and
more faithfully instructed in religion than
ever before. The Sunday-schools alone,
are sufficient to re-assure the alarmed
friends of our faith. They give good
promises that tho next generation
will be better prepared to encounter the
assaults of infidelity, than any previous
generation has been. The secular press
even certain semi-pagan papers in New
York are rendering service to the church;
while every denomination is scattering
pure literature throughout the broad land.
Public opinion is, in tho main, favorable
to the Bible religion ; and has been great
ly elevated, during this century, towards
tho heaven-appointed standards. All
over every States in tho Union there are
thousands of comxlacent believers in "tho
old, old story," enjoying the peace of the
christian, and prayerfully pityingpooj-de-luded
skeptics. Meu and women of all
grades of intelligence the highest as well
as others aro holding the faith in its
rmritv. teaching it to their children, and
J moving towardslhe ordeal of death with
1 a comj.osure as immoveable as character
j i2ed a martyr in the days of the Apostles
I Representatives of various classes in so-
is
j ciety are daily sealing their devotion with
a faith that transforms death itself into a
messenger of mercy. Tho vain students
of science and the nresunintous lecturers
1 against the Bible, isolated, as they are
I from the great, struggling, advancing and
J determined host of Zion, are pitifully ig-
F norant of the stupendous work that the
I church of God is accomplishing around
them. The church itself " Pt alarmed. 1
It pays little attention to men like Iuger-
boh, uecause it xeeis conuucui, to iu own 1
soundness and security. It is quiet in I
the face of new scientific theories, because I
it knows that, up to date, in so far as I
those theories really conflict with chns-1
tianity, they are theories only-4nere im-1
probable speculations to be refuted ia I last year tkey captured Kash gar, thscapf
duetime. I tal, bv a coup de maul and i fix cold! blood
The Church of God was never better
prepared for a successful contest with In
fidelity than it is to-day v I admit that
there is in many parts of Christendom, a
deplorable want of vital godliness. But
has it not always been so 1 True. Chris
tianity has, here and there, yielded some- I
what to the world; but it is also true that, I
in mighty nations, the world itself has I
y ielded and is yielding much to Christian-1
ity. There are many false professors in j
all the churches, bringing reproach upon I
the religion they ought to honor; but even I
the world regards them bad only as they
iro false to their profession. They are I
the representatives of the class that have
kept up the lino of Judas Iscariots in all
the centuries of our era. They may "cru-
cify the son of God afresh," to themselves;
but they cannot crucify him again to the
church or to His own glory.
Our religion was born among ruling en
emies and heathen battalions. Theswords
of Herod marched ia vain to take the life
of the infant Savior. When he became a
man, they murderod him; but than perfect
ed his triumph and cemented with his
blood tho everlasting foundations of his
kingdom. True Christians do not expect
that the church will bo free from daring
foes before tho Mileiinium. The great
founder said "I come not to bring
but a sword." The fight has
been un-
eeasiug, and yet the church has always
been strengthened and advanced by its
conflicts. 1 believe that it needs a fiercer
conflict now. Aye, I believe that conflict
is coining. So far from fearing that our
religiou is about to be overthrown, the
leading Christian judgment of the day
concludes that we are verging upon one
of the grandest moral revolutions that
have ever shaken this sin-cursed world.
"The Lord God Omnipotent reigneth !"
Truly yours,
A. W. Mahgum.
AN EMPIRE OBLITERATED.
Kashgar Sirallowed up by China while Rus
sia is busy with lurkey.
While Russia has been so busily occu
pied in reconstructing the map of Eastern
Europe and Western Asia, the Chinese
have beeu busily and uninterruptedly at
work on some important geographical
business in Central Asia. The Celestials
have, in fact, completed the conquest of a
vast empire twice as large as France in
extent of territory, although but sparsely
inhabited. The Khanate Kashgar, which
has thus ceased to exist, is -siauated ou
tho extreme western border of China,' im
mediately east of and adjoining the recent
Russiau conquests in Turkestan. Kash
gar was formerly included in the great
Tartar kingdom ef Central Asia ; and on
its dismemberment came, with the rest of
East Turkestan, under the government of
a local Mohammedan dynasty. The nu
merous factions springing from this, dis
puted the supremacy until the middle of
tho eighteenth century, when the Chinese
conquered the country and held an unsta
ble possession of it for 108 years. ' About
18vi, howover, tho Tungauis or Dunganes,
a Mohammedan tribe of mixed Tartar and
Chinese descent, revolted, and thon fob
lowed a 1 ising of the Kirghis Tartars, and
in a few years the Chinese were elpelled,
and the provinces of Kashgar, Yarkand,
Khoteu, and Arksu were subjected by
Mahammod Yacoub Beg, a Khekaud chief
tain who became' tho sovereign of East
Turkestan, a vast ahd vaguely defined
territory, inclosed betweeu the Pamir
Steppe, the Titian Shau Mountains, and
the Hindu lvusu, Chinese lartar proper
lying between these dominions and China.
From east to west Yacoub's empire cov
ered an era 1,'iOO miles in length
The Chinese never regarded this dimin
ution of their territory as a permanent ar
rangemeut, and for fourteen years they
have been going about its conquest in
their peculiar fashion. One of the oxpe
ditions which they sent against the Troop
er King of Turkestan, as he was called,
was several years in reaching the frontier,
the troops being obliged to pauseou their
long march to plant and reap the crops
that were necessary for their sustauance.
For two vears past tho hostile armies of
tho Cile8tial Empire and the new Kash-
garian kiugdom have been within fighting
distance of each other. Numerous encoun
ters took place, the forces of Yacoub Beg
At first beinir victorious. In June of last
u
year Yacoub died, just at the time when
the tide of victory was turning in favor
of his enemies. Before his death he had
disinherited his sons, ana appointed as
his successor Hakim Khan Turah, the
sole direct roprcsentativo of the ancient
reigning dynasty of Kasghar before the
conquest of that country by the Chinese
Hakim Khan Turah took a prominent
part in assisting the late Ameer in Iris
early wars, and was always greatly trust
ed by Yacoub, Hakim Khan Turah, how
ever, refused the sceptre, whereupon the
throne was ascended iy Kuli lieg, the
eldest son of the lato Ameer. He had al
whvb been distrust! uy ins lather, in
consequence of his sympathies with Rus-
sia and hia opposition to aTBritish alliance. :
Mtjauwnuo uie isuioeae prosecuteu . uie
war with unusual vigor, and all the' re- I
eesiaayises' luaye' fa4iUed" theif ' Vapia '
advance into
fcMfa Town after (
town fell befere the victorious march of
the Celestials, and towards .the close of
ms rdered 15,000 of the Inhabitants. h Re
cently, the aBBooncement came that tho
new Ameer, Kali - Beg, -had arrived on
Russian soil, . 'a f agitive, and that the
whole Russian froatier was crowded with
refugees, white all the towns that had se-
knowledge the supremacy of Yacoub Beg
have submitted to the . Chinese, and the
Khanate of Kashgar has ceased to exist.
The Chinese; itlsrsported, continssto
perpetrate the most frightful atrocities,
and they will doubtless soon depopulate
the country and secure its permanent rc-
union to the Celestial Empire by re-peo-
pling it with their own surplus popula
tion. Russia is, of course, too busy with
tho Turks to interfere, and the British
will probably regard the wholesale butch -
eries of the Chinese as a good thing, be-
cause they will tend to erect a barrier be-
tween their own possessions in India and
those of Russia to the North.
PLANT MIND.
1.
Tlie SouTof Plants and Modern Science.
Vegetable physiology has mado but
slow progress. Although its beginning
may be traced to the period when Mal
pighi aided it with the miscroscopo, its
real origin does not date earlier than
the last century, when by his beau
tiful experiments on the nutrition and
transpiration of plants, Hales explained
some curious phenomena in the vegetable
world.
From that time naturalists began to
study attentively the -phenomena of vege
tation. The observations of Linnoms and Ilolff,
the numerous experiments of Bonnet and
Senebier, tho works of Duhamel, Ludwig,
and Mustel, the investigations of H. de
Saussure aud lied wig all theso offorts
tended toward the same end, namely, re
uniting scattered materials and forming a
regular whole. Some of these in study
ing the life of plants examine more par
ticularly the form, structure, and devel
opment of their organs; while others at
tempted to explain their play and func
tions. The result of these labors was the
birth of two new sciences vegetable ph y
siology and organography.
Modern physiologists have observed
some extraordinary phenomeua in plants,
with which they have beeu differently im
pressed. They all, it is true, recognize a
seusible analogy between theso facts and
eertaiu animal instincts; but some see in
these only isolated phenomena of second
ary importance, and propose to explain
them by altogether mechanical or physi
cal theories; while others, on the coutrary,
attracted by the singularity of these facts,
have studied them with close attention,
and as the result of their observations
hare come to the conclusion that a plant
is ah animated being. This is substan
tially admitted by Vrolik, Hedwig, Bon
net, and Ludwig in their writings upon
tho phenomena wuicn seem to reveal a
vece table instinct. They all incline' to
the belief that plants experience every or
der of sensations.
F. Edward Smith, the English botanist,
thinks that plants can feel, and are capa
ble through that faculty of a couscious
ness of well being aud felicity.
Percival believes that plants perform
voluntary actions when they turn their
branches to the light.
Among the'philosophers of the eight
teenth century who saw animated beings
in nlauts must also be ranked Dr. Ems-
mug Darwin, the grandfather of the celevj
brated naturalist, whose recent works
have thrown some light upon the vexed
question of the origin of species. In that
book, too little known, but the delight of
Goethe ("The Botanic Gardeu"), Dr.
Darwin plainly asserts that in his eyes
the plant is an animated bcing--a crea
ture capable of numerous sensations, as
of existence, of pain, and gladness.
Dr. Martins, one of tho most eminent
men of modern science, accords to plants
not only the faculty of feeling, but also
an immortal soul. To the voice of that
celebrated botanist there has been lately
added that of another, namely, Theodore
Techner, an independent thinker, and not
the least inspired among his German co
temporaries. He was one of the first to
enter into the questions which bear upon
the development ef the soul in plants.
The new ideas and original views with
which his books abounds entitle it to be
considered as the first advance towards . a
true 4 vegetable psychology; A soul in
plants was recognized by the ancients.
Empedocles, Anaxagoras, Democritus,
Pythagoras, and Plato believed plants to
be animated, and consequently ranked
them with animals.
Entire peoples the Hindoos, for exam
ple have also regarded plants as anima
ted beings. Among the laws of Mauu,
laws which in India are believed to have
emanated from God, and to be more an
cient than those of Moes, are to be
fouud doctrines and commandments
follows :
is
It is good and equitable that each fa- (
ther of a family, without prejudice to Ms
cunaren, snouia reserve one part of his
wealth for other animated beinni. to-wit . 1
plants ami tmimaia." '
" "Plants wdwimalsVave internally the
'sentiments of existence, and also of pain I
''and happiness."" ; - I
. a ' vmc
travelers. tn iii-ieata &f .sum an
. V .TV7-. 7.. .I
appiy tue law lorDioamg to mi ! not only
toymen and animals ; but also to living
pian. mjnTw&M
fruits lest their development hould h
arrested. These views are entirely ep,
posed to those whkh belong to, the
pie of the OccidenFrom earliest child
" .1
uuifu, iu our Bcuuois sua elementary uooks,
children aro taught that men and animals
have the faculty of motion aud are living
beings, aud that plants attached to the
soil live, it is true, but are not animat
ed. But, as M. Techner has observed, it
would be quite otherwise if the preceptor
said to his pupil, "Animated beings are
stw vAMocrvo vuu so wiu iuoru J
S 1 .a
uuo is composed ot
oemgs which possessnne power of trans
.0,,a..v,... ,
class we lind beings fixed in the soil where
they are boru; these are plants. The lat
ter resemble us less than auimals, yet
live and grow as we do." For these and
many other reasons we believe them
equally animated. If our children are
thus taught they will be less iudispos d
when older to deprive the plant of its soul
than we are to recognize its existence at
the present day.
Such numerous and striking analogies
in the vital functions of beings iu the two
kingdoms, animal aud vegetable, are re
vealed by physiology every day, that BO
one can refuse to reflect upon the tacts or
reject without a candid examination tho
proposition we are about to consider in a
succeeding paper, that the plant is an an
imated and sentient being.
R. C. K.
TREE WASTE AND ITS SEQUENCE.
The matter of forest tree culture and
preservation is iu rather an anomalous
state iu this country. At one eud of the
national domain, people are planting trees
and studying every means to turn denud
ed laud back into forests, at the other
woods are beiu" felled and a small war is
in progress against the government on
account of its preventive efforts. In Mas
sachusetts societies are organized to stim
ulate the preserving and renewing of for
ests; iu Louisiana, Alabama, Florida, aud
Montana, tho authorities are denounced
as interfering with the best interests of
the people, because an endeavor is made
to stop the wholesale denuding of public
lands and the sale of timber for private
benefit. With the lecal aspects of this
question of forest destruction in the South
and Wost, it is not our province to deal,
but the considerations in favor of pro
tectimr woodlands are of importance not
merely to every agriculturalist, but to
every one, and they should bo fully re
alized by all who believe that the only
value of forests lies in the amount tho
wood will fetch per cord.
If any ouo is disposed to think that our
forests are inexhaustible, at least lor a
lonsr period to come, he has ouly to cast
his eye over tho woodland map in Genera
Walker's valuable statistical atlas to pre-
ceive his delusion. Ho will seo that the
number of heavily wooded tracts having
3G0 or more acres of tiuiler to the square
milo is 8tartlingly small. The area of all
such districts is equal only to about that
of the Atlantic States, aud the remainder
of the country, fully four-fifths, has no
timber, tho map showing a uniform blank.
I Now consider the enormous amount of
1
lumber use-d yearly in manufactures
Nearly $14-1,1WO,0)0 is invested in the
sawn lumber industry alone, that is, the
productiou of laths, shingles, ami boards.
Add to this the fact stated by Professor
Brewer that wood forms tho fuel of two-
thirds of the population, and the partial
fuel of nine-tenthstheremainingthird, aud
some general idea of the enormous drain
constantly in progress upou our forests
will be reached. This, however, is only
the direct draught for tho purpose of util
ity. Immense areas of woodland are
yearly denuded by forest fires, largo tracts
aro purposely burned as a speedy way of
clearing, and thus the wooded regions are
rendered more aud more sparse If for
esU lires were prevented as far as is prao
ticable, if trees' wore coustautly being
planted, aud if tho reckless denudation of
woodlauds could be stopped by the laws
already iu existence, but apparently not
enforced, there is little doubt but that we
possess timber enough to supply indefi
nitelv all our needs either as fuel or for
manufacturing purposes; buTsave in iso
lated instances trees are not being plant
ed, we have no schools of forestry such
as exist in Europe to encourage sylvicul
ture. and as the recent proceedings m
Congress have shown, a part of the popu
Lit ion claims tho right lor private ends to
denude the woodlands now owned by the
whole county, and defenders in the Leg
islatnre are not wanting to support them.
We have already taken occasion to
point out the dangers which result from
tree d "-U nction. The ex trt relation -uf
forest and iminfall la iut An ;i 1
tied W ti -L"; Ieaai4eV
1, wV :-ww w iwwr
UmIbi V.?
planted humiditvatr
down, however by V miLJi f' V
nr t rrnmn.utl -ftJ'i
Dr. J. Croamhi RM. outi..!iti
ULUCrS WliA UAVm mtAm. t-1 " . .
i . .. ... - -
vv.jwuM muMuee oz
M"1 "jeciiat "withie their Atra ltarffk ?
and near their own borfereabr
. ,5
ataiospher thai ia obsctved b.
'ilmf .if I d ll .1 i
" , T " V. ?1?"MMT
CT ' IUUUAUI W M1U11I1M If iSI1SlHUJt.4
through the di&rseaseaa.fit la-ib
dia says Mr. RG, Northrop
address befortheo
Board of Agriculture, "three Quarters of a
uiiiituu peopie nave been starred to death
,:tt: . -' .
since the forests have been eut off. jcaas-
mg me springs to dry op"
. 1 "
It is needless to multiply warnings of
uuskiud. In the thickly settled coun
1 v - w
tries of Europe each generation is boon
by la w to leave the forests in as good con-
Uition aB it found them. Forests are pro-
ttl r.. .1 .1 . .
pnWic property. Uatil we adopt soma
mm irEaml mm..
similar course, eacS 1 succeeding genera-
tion will transmit to posterity woodlands
more and more depleted. The result is
only a question of time. The natives oT
parts of South Africa tell of giant trees
aud forests, fertile lands, and abundant
floods and showers, all existing or occur
ring in a region now little more than a
dry and arid desert; each will be the tra- '
ditions of our own descendants. As tho
soil becomes unfit for agriculture, migra
gration will follow, fevered region will
receive an overplus of population which
cannot obtain all of its supplies from the
soil, nud dependence upon other nations
for the necessaries of life, the first stop
do wb ward in a country's decadence, is
taken. Exhaustion of resources must ul
timately sueeeed, and with it the end of
national existence. Scientific American.
A Committee appointed by the Danville
Tobocco Association has issued a circular
to Tobacco raisers containing the follow
ing suggestions which are of special in
terest to those engaged ia the production
of Tobacco. .
"The Association recognizes the impor
tant fact that our interests and those of
the farmers of this section are closely
connected, aad we therefore rejoice in
your prosperity aad lament your misfor
tunes. For this reason we hone von will
pardon us for making some suggestions
in reference to your tobacco crop.
1st. We suggest that you plant less to
bacco to the hand thereby yon can give
it better attention and make it more vsl
liable.
2d. Endeavor to make it finer And better
iu every respect 1,000 lbs.$25 perewt,
is better than 3000 lbs.$5.
3d. Avoid all smoke in earring, and af
terward, and we unhesitatingly advise tite
use of flues in caring, as floe -cured stock
is far preferable, and is rapidly increasing
in public favor.
4th. Use more home-made manures,
and-less of the . countless brands of the
adulterated stuff called "fertilizers," which
promotes an unnatural growth in the
plant aud loaves the land poorer than
ever. Now the reasons for these surges-
tions are these :
Our farmers, on thin lands of this sec
tion cannot compete With Western fanu
ers in making common tobacco, because
the Western men can raise so many more
pounds to the acre at so little cost, and
the cheap Railroad freights now charged
the Western men can place tobacco ia the
Danville market for less figures than yeu
cau afford to raise it, and sell it fer . a
profit. Hence the only alternative for
our people is to make less in quantity and
better ayl finer tobacco." Raleigh Netcs'
FAMILY TROUBLES.
Was there ever a family without its
troubles ? Adam and Eve had their trou
bles iu Eden; and all families have had
their troubles. Every family has a skel
eton behind tho door; every person has a
thorn in his side. It is said that misery
loves company, so take courage, helpless
man, wearied woman. You are in the.
majority. "Man is born to trouble as the
sparks are to fly' upward." A useless
family would years be if it knew no trou
ble. Trouble is our great, teacher. It
nerves us with strength; it gives us cour
age; tetujOTs our metal; it develops our
self-coutrol; it quickens our invsstive,
towers. Troubles are to ns what the
winds are to the oak, what labor is to tho
muscle, what study is to the mind. Life,
is a school, and trouble is one of the great
lessons. Troubles aro not to be courted,
but when they come, we must get over
them the lcst way we can er bear Them
with the best fortitude we can arouse.
Take courage, therefore troubled one.
Not in vain are your trials. They make
you brave, strong, and, it is to bo hoped,
better; Bo not cast down, cheer ap; cast
aside your weeds and woes. Look the
world in tho face; do yonr doty; take
every trouble by the herns, overcome it
with the courage of a true soldier In life's
great campaign, and stoutly contend for
the victory of will aud wisdom. Pres.
Jolll Hill.