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THE KHWS jI) OBSEKVEB. SUNDAY, FEBUITARY 23.. CIVILIAN:: LEADERS -OF.; THE. i J. U 1L CPftl In this article I 'propose to Intro- i duce the name of -a great Alabamlan, Jabez Lamar M. Curry, distinguished j tas orator' and publicists He , was ! " born in ; Lincoln county, Ga.. June 5.' i 1825. His father afterwards removed j to; TaUidearo, county, Alabama. - Dr. Curry "fcraduated from the University of. Georgia in 1844. and from Howard Law school, in 1845. He was a vol unteer, in the War with Mexico, a rep resentative In the State Legislature in 1847,1252 and 1856, was presidential elector In 1856. , . . Representative in ' ths Thirty-fifth, .and .Thirty-sixth Con-( greases of the .United States and a i repreaeniailve' la the Provisional Con gress .of ,tha Confederate. States,, and to' the first Congress under the per-' roaitMrt Ooasatution. , .In 1864 he was aide So Ganeral Joseph ; E. Johnston, and was Usutenant-colonel of Cavalry in the commands . .of . Wheeler, and j 'Forrest. - . . . J.-EDnseed ih .Ministry. ' In 186 S he entered the Baptist min istry, bui dscllned. to become a pastor of any chci-cu. He was president of Howard Collsga, Alabama, in 1866, ; and was connected with Richmond : College at different times as profes- i. sor of Sasttm. philosophy, constltu tiondi aad International law, and was t president of tha board of trustees. He . n:-M . ffaneral agent of the Peabody Flotation! Fund. He was also ap- j I Mated agent of the Slater . Pond and jriidred valuable service la behalf of centennial celebration of the dls- core.T ol America by Columbus. A ajsat of the . Peabody Educational Iftxad and the Slater Fund he delivered addresses throughout the country on tha subject f education, which " were cJT7ays listened to with great interest ar pleasure. ; ' "'.f '- 3a served as moderator : and as ; president of various Baptist associa "t!cas and conventions. He received ; "icr degree of A. M. from1 the Unl-;-72rsity of Georgia-In 1848, and LI D. K'iowl Mercer: University in 1867 and i'Jhi 'tfarversity of Georgia in 4.886. .'zaoag - other- - publication he has 'vrltten a work on the constitutional I .cvernment of Spaing on -the life and character . of William E. X Gladstone, I . 3 Southern " States of the American ' U.ilon' and the history of the Peabody j .'Siujeational .Fund. ' He served as j ; American Minister ' to Spain during ' Mr. Cleveland's first term. :Cn a series of articles entitled "Legal X stlncatlon of the South .( in Seces-. wlDn," .e'tc; Mr. Curry has placed the rxlloa of the Southern States on a ili-ni and impregnable basis. In the rimt article, entitled "Legal Justifica tion of .the South : in Secession,", he " The Southern States have shared the fate of all conquered peoples. The conquerors write their history. Power in the ascendant not only makes laws, but; controls public opinion.-This pre- "cedent should- make- the-late Confed erates: the.mosr. anxious to keep before . the public the facts- of their history, that impartial writers may weigh, and properly estimate them in making up the verdict of an unbiased posterity; Besides ,as, they have' been the ob jects of persistent 'mterepresentatlon, 9n& authentic' records have been,ier verted to theiT ireladlce, their des- cendants '.are liable ' to receive and t hold opinions hostile and derogatory 'to their fathera" , Right tp. Slave. Property. 7 ; "In r the serjes Qf .volumes pertaln--ing to,the bltpry, of, the .Confederate States,, all concerned wish, to 'disclaim 4 Jn advance 'any wish or purpose. . to reverse the arbitrament of war, to re- t peal the late amendments,. to thet Con stitution, to. revive African slavery, or recession as a &tate frjlghi pr remedy; I or to organize any party, or. cultivate j an opinion, which, directly or indirect ly. . shall inculcate disloyalty to the fUnlpn, or affect the allegiance of clti I sens to' ' the ? Federal " government. (Let It be stated, once for all, that this argument as to the right of the South I to be ; protected in property In slavfs and in the exclusive right of a State (to be the final judge of the powers of the general ' government and to apply suitable .remedies, is based "on the Con stitution; and the rights of the States as they existed in I860.4. . In .1 his i second, .article, ' entitled "Equality and Sovereignty; of the States . he says: among other things: "In . forming the . Constitution of the United States, f rem whose ratification our 'more perfect union resulted, did the States surrender their equality and Uoveralamty and transfer : to a certain jjjovernmeat the . powers and rights fwhlch in all previous history had been )o carefully maintained? This is the erudal .qiaastion determining the right jf the Southern States- In 1860 and 11861 to secede. from the Union and to 1 V A i r 9 I (JXTlien you lie on a "Royal Elastic Felt Mattress you do not have to hunt a com f o rta bl e spot. Qlts found as soon as you stretchout. CJIf there was nothing else to recommend the Royal , Felt hut this, jrovld , you pay the price, $15,00? v. v. :: SURE! A M!::i;-::rti;rs (or Mattresses & Furniture CCLDCOOnO establish for their own defense and i welfare t a new Federal union. h Ob viously this question ' should j be ap proached and considered and decided, not by prejudice, or passion, J or sec tionalism, or interest, or expediency, or wishes of men; but by the! Consti tution. : In its proper meanlng as to rights and powers delegated 'and rights powers reserved. Whether secession was Avlse or unwise, expedient or in expedient; approved or disapproved by a majority of the States, or of ! the in- habitantshas . no. .relevancy, nothing whatever to, do with this discussion. The naked matter is one of right Was there a supremacy In Congress, or in any other department of the governh ment ot .the Union, or did the States assert 'and retain their sovereignty as against the world ?" . : j j States and Tlie j Union. ! In. his; third, article,, entitled "Rela tion of the States ' to the Union Un der the Contsitution, he says; ! "We are now prepared to consider the action of the South which; rested upon the relation which the! States and the, Federal government bore to each other. What the South! main tained was that the Union, or general government, emanated from the peo ple or the several States,-acting in their separate and sovereign capacity, as distinct political communities; that the Constitution being a compact. tp which each State was a party, for the purpose of good, government and the protection of life, liberty and property! the several States had the right to judge of the infractions of ?th Con4 stltutlon, or of the failure of he com mon government to subserve its cov enanted ends, and to Interpose j by se cession or otherwise for protecting the great, residuary mass of undelegated powers, for maintaining within their; respective limits the authorities, rights and ; liberties appertaining to them. The third Virginia resolution of 1789,! drawn by Madison, puts this; very clearly. ;; That , this assembly, doth ex-? plicitly and peremptorily declare that It .views the. powers of the Federal government as resulting from pHhe compact to which the States areVpar ties, as limited by the plain senseyind intention, ef. the Instrument constitut ing that compact; as no furthervalid than they are authorized by thegrants enumerated in the compactand that in case of a deliberate, palpable and dangerous exercise of other powers not granted by the said ! compact, the States, who are parties thereto, have the right, and are in duty bound, to interpose for arresting the (progress of the evil, ; and for maintaining within their respective limits the authorities, rights and liberties appertaining to them.-ijW' a-:-?..; f -: t.i.-.n s-U ; Trtc South. Clung to Constitution. In' the fifth article enUtled "Why the South Resisted Federal Encroach ments," he says: " 4 -fit can now . be clearly seen why the South,, being a minority sectn, with agriculture as the chief occupa tlon, and with the peculiar I nsti tui tion of African 'i slavery ' fastened on her by old England adhered to the State rights or Jeff ersonian . school o politics. - Those doctrines ' contain '. the only principles or policy truly! con servative f the Constitution. Anart from them checks ahd limitations are of little avail, and the Federal gov ernmertt ican Increase its powers lni- definitely. Without some adequate tlon, the whole government : : is restraJntor . interpos character of the ? changed, .and forms. if retained, will be, as they have been In other coun tries, merely the disguise of accom plishlng what selfishness or: ambi tion mays dictate. The truest friends of the Republic ihave been those who have Insisted upon . Obedience to i con stitutional; requirements. The real enemies," ' the true " disuhionlsts, .have been those who, under the disguise of a deceptive name, have perverted the name and ,true functions of the govl ernment and haYe usurped, for self iKh or partisan ends, or at the de- mand- of crazy fanaticism, powers which States never surrendered. ' , TIe Union's Real Irtends. '.Those who contend most strenu ously for the rights of the States, and for the strict construction of the Con stitution ": aro the genuine lovers and friends of the Union. Their princi ples conserve law,, good order, justice, established authority; and their un selfish purpose has been to preserve and transmit our free Institution as they came from the fathers, sincerely believing that their course and doc trines were necessary to preserve' for them and - posterity the blessings of good government. The States have no motive to encroach on the Federal government, and no power to do so, if so Inclined, while the Federal gov ernment has always the inclination and always the means to go beyond mm ami re TT?TY DURHAM CONFEDERACY ByJohn Goode what has been - granted to it. NO higher encomium could be rendered to the South than the. fact, sustained by her whole history, that she -never violated the Constitution, that she committed no aggression upon the rfghts or property of i the North, and that she simply asked equalitjf in the Union and the enforcement and main, tenance of her clearest rights: and guarantees. C,4The latitudinous construction, con tended for by one party and pne sec tion, has been the open door through which. the people have complained. A strict construction gives to the gen eral government all the powers it can benflcially exert, all that Is necessary for It to have, and all that the States ever purposed to grant" j . Sovereignty of the State. In the sixth article, entitled "Se cession the Separate and Legal Act of the States," he says: "It is not uncommon , to confound the secession of a State, -as a! separ ate, Independent, sovereign apt, with the subsequent establishment of a confederacy or a common government by the co-operative action of several States, after they had secedud. . a State by virtue of its individual, sov ereign right, demonstrated In the in troductory chapter, repealed or with drew Its act of acceptance of the Con stitution, as the basis or bond of union, and resumed the powers which had been delegated and enumerated In that Instrument This act i of re sumption of delegated powers, asser tion of undelegated sovereignty, was not the legislature. -j "There Is in our American system what Is not found elsewhere, a power above that of the Federal or of the State government the power of the people of a State, who ordained and established constitutions for and over themselves. No secret conspiracy was needed, no mask to conceal the features of the State, no secret place In which to concoct or consummate ttie designs. Everything was done in broad daylight and inspection was in vited to the accomplishment of what had been repeatedly avowed as the logical consequence of sectioral su premacy. ' The people of the j State, the only people' then known under our political system, had a regularly and lawfully constituted goveftment, already in their hands and subject to their direction. They had a complete corps of administrative officers, an executive, a legislative, a judiciary, filling every., department of i free, representative government all holding office under State authority alone and wearing no badge of official subordina tion to any power. This government was complete in all Its functions and pow ers, unchanged as to Its internal af fairs, altered ' only In Its external or Federal relations, and law ancti order reigned In every portion of the State precisely as If no change had pecurn ed. The secession was as valid, as the act of ratification by which the State Entered the Union. The secession, or withdrawal of a State from a league, had no revolutionary or insurrection ary character,' . and hothlng which could be tortured into rebellion or treason except by 'ignorance or malignity.: j In an appendix to . the article re ferred to Mr. Curry produces ex tracts from various sources to show the senUments and feelings ; of thei Northern people towards the Union of the ; States , as organized undeJ- the Constitution of 178. 1 j! 'C Kdncattonal Addresses. ' While Mr. Curry was agent f the Peabody and Slater Funds he deliver ed addresses upon the subject at ed ucation which were I very much ad mired and attracted attention throughout the country He was broad and statesmanlike In his views. adopting the recommendation of i Mr. Jefferson that there the common school, the . people of the should be privileged should be I ! first to which all of Commonwealth to attend, then the academy, and then a great unl- yerstty ai the capstone of the arPh My personal acquaintance with Mr. Curry commenced at the first session of. the congress of the Confederate States, under the permanent Constitu tion and continued ulnterruptediy un til the time of his death. He was a most lovable man, cf marked person ality.! During my acquaintance with him it wts my fortune to serve on several committees with hinv and- I pould not fail to observe his great powers of research and profundi ac quaintance with all the subjects which j as committees we were called upon to Investigate.' I remember distinctly that In the last days bt the Confeder acy when the Hampton Roads Con ference had passed iito history is a failure, he was appointed on a com mittee consisting of Mr. Hartridge, of Georgia, and myself, with him as the chairman, to prepare) an address to the people of the Confederate States Invoking them by all the memories Of the ps6t and by all hopes of the future not to be discouraged, but; to persevero to the end. In his capacity as chairman he prepared an address to the people of the South which made a great Impressipn upon all who had the privilege of hearing it. It was ornate, scholarly!, -statesmanlike and measured up fully to all the qulrements of the occasion. re- IREDELL' CHArTEIt D. A. R Views and Purposes of tJlic Organiza tion of Thla tlie! Tenth in the State. (Special to News and Observer.! Statesville. N.. C. Feb. 22. -A, local chapter of the Daughters of the Amer ican . Revolution has been organised here and the officials of the chapiter have given .out the following interest ing statement .which sets forth the views and purposes of the. organization:--;.- -Vr:-;:;-V ;,: ,a----t,1'-1 j The Iredell Chapter of the Nation al Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution ha been organ ized here with the following officers: Mrs. W. A. Thomas,' regent; Mrs. ' C. V. Henkel, vice regent; Mrs. L. Har rill, recording secretary; v Mrs. John F. Bowles, corresponding secretary; Mrs, D. A. Miller, treasurer; Misses Lucy Davidson and Jettie Harrill. his torians. Mrs. Geo. Pkifer Erwln, of Morganton, State regent will f ormafly confirm the organization of the chap ter ' at an early date in March. This chapter Is the tenth organized In tie State. MoIclonhiirir and Rowan have large; and -x influential chapters MooresvillA nlsn tins n mir-ressfnl rhft" ter. with m rirr flrtoilmnn resre ; Before - the War of Independence Iredell was a part of Mecklenburg and Rowan counties. ; The object of j this! chapter is to honor and perpetuate the memory, of those brave fcen and; wo men,' the pioneer ettlers of the coloi nlal days, not the adventurers : and seekers after sold, but who rhado homes - for their families where they and posterity would have more irjee4 dtm of thought and action, r It j was this Inborn spirit of liberty that made possible the success of the War of In dependencejyid brought! about j the crisis In tfieaffairs of tlie world that changed ' thirteen weak jcolonies jlpto this glorious country of Ifreedom jand liberty. i We know from history North Carolina's part In bringing about i the Declaration of Independence, and In no pat of the colonies was that spirit stronger than in this section. Iredell furnished a full quota of heroes ajnd heroines and this county is rich jin historical facts, data jand documents and places of historic j interest,! jas family records and tradition attest. They are little 'known except in j the locality .where, they occurred. Many places of historical Interest are un marked and unknown. '! It will be the first special work Sof ; the ' chapter to : preserve! the records; and' papers and that can be verified and recorded in some perijnanent form. The chapter will appreciate from any family or Individual anyj Revolution ary documents, colonial incidents and data o fthe history of that period ahd will be glad to have samel recorded by the secretary and historians. It is oiir proud; heritage to honor our braye Revolutionar' ancestors and to stirh ulate love of county and of State; jto make researches for historical faqts of those busy, and stirrliig days thjat followed the colonial dayis. The braVe soldiers returned home to struggle and toil against the savages and foes pf the wilderness, snathing a meagre Mir ing for themselves and families, too busy plowing and sowing1 and tolling In the struggles of making a living o give thought to perpetuating the deeds of valor and heroic sacrifice of the Revolutionary period. Aid It Is sttcjh ancestry as these, brave men and wo men whose memories it ik our proud province to honor, and jreverse. i If there is any Just cause for pride of birth it Is to be descendants of sucjh a lineage. E,very true son! and daugh ter of such parentage fees a thrill, of love and patriotism, however far frpijn the Old North State their paths may wander, to read and live again in the brave deeds and stirring days of pur ancestors. Every unpublished and un known fact and deed is loss to thie county and to the State history. Every historical deed, place aipd records should be preserved, lest coming gen erations forget what a glorious part our ancestors acted .in making our glo rious country what it is a land broad and free, cultured and rich! in all that makes worth while to the tate, coun ty and individual. And in no section of this country do we find a truer, type of the American people than here In our" own section of North Car olina, a composite of the best of the Anglo-Saxon ; race. Our ancestors were not needy adventurers ' and paupers and peasantry of the Old Country, but sterling, hardy, liberal-minded Of the best of the Scotch-Irish, Welsh, Ger man and Dutch, thrifty ijnd sturdy. Wending with the Cavalier blood of Virginia and the eastern Carolinas and a large ' percentage of thejHuguenfot families, settled farther vest as the population flowed westward. The Influence of th spirit .. of ; freedom So long felt during the period! Just, prior to the war of colonies' against Great Britain, the breadth and trend of the spirit so long existing in North Caro lina, shows the influence on the af fairs of the colony more marked than the history of all the other thirteen. We all know North Carolina's history in a general way, but comparatively little is known of the par the counties individually played at that) time, and its people make the history. i - . i . i At the Jamestown exposition North Carolina was second to only! one other StateNew York in her historical exhibit We found Iredell county rich in relics. documents and 'many Im portant and valuable additions to the State history in - records and papers the public at large had no idea ex isted." , : ' j .The Iredell Chapter of the National Society of the D. A. R. will appre ciate the interest of the 'county In furnishing any facts, dat. record, personal and public incidents of . the county's revolutionary anil colonial days.: - ! " - ' ' NORTH CAROLINA HUMOR. A True Oooitrrencc In Nabh n ilie Good OXtl Days ii'r The Fiftiei!. ! u (Rocky Mount'Echoi.) f Away back in the fifties a promi nent bachelor and all around politic? ian gave a stag dinner and among other things on the elaborate menu (for this bachelor was one of Nash county's richest men) were; genuine Lynn Haven bay oysters on the half shell which eaten while floating In Mumm'i extra dry hampagne were "fit for the gods onWgh Olympus." A neighbor said, "Why Zlgmin, where did you git these here oysters?" "Git 'em," said Zlgroan, I didn't kit 'em at all, by George. I raised 'em. yes, I raised 'em." Wanting to know all about it this friend and neighbor asked for full directions and was given this hot one: "I put eighteen barrels of rock salt that I ordered from Wii lard & Co., commission merchants of Wilmington, in my fish pond; out yon der and the following fall I ordered a pair of bushels of young oysjters from Mr. Lynn's haven ; bay : and; planted 'em and here you arfe." j An old gentleman who recently died here in Rocky Mount - assured this writer that the above Is all itrue and that the neighbor mentioned', at once had a pond made, bought la lot of rock salt and did not find! out . the hoax until he ordered the qoun? bi valves from "Mr. Lynn." Further,1 he said the remians of the dam to make the pond are still in evidence near the town of Nashville. If any dpubt this story It may be not out lof place here and no wto say that- there jis documentary-evidence come-at-able in the "glprlful old county of 1 Nash Of course, the name "Zigman."! is need because it was not his name-. - The name is really; an illustrious one in Nash county's annals, for Zigmau, and his playmates of ten made it lively for the historic village of Nashville. As k matter of fact a great -many people thought It would not at that t me have been amiss to give the town one more letter to its name and that jto be a G at the beginning. Illustrious old county ofNash, long may It (prosper. A woman can't help being! Jnaious. especially if there is no reason for It. esp FRANK G 4- - Tl 115 . FAL.TiAIi ESTATE CREATED t BY A 2 -ST., LOUIS NABOB IN , THE : AFRICAN WILDS. He Has 20.000 Acres Swarming With Zebras Antelopes and Gnus His Trouble .With Llon "aiuL IBppo potanri How He Farms With Seven Ilundred Black Natives He Has Electric; Light, Telephones and Ice Making Plants The Horse Stables are Screened from Mos qultocti Darbary Mules and' Abys sinian s Ponies Domesticating The Zfbra--Lord Dclamerc's Big Afrl- can Itatet Etc. (Copyright; 1908. by Frank G. Car- ' .! penter.) : ! j I NAIROBI. - . British East. Africa has an American ' 'Aladdin. He came from St.; Louis, and, like his proto type of Bagdad he 'has created a great estate in a night. He has rubbed the golden lamp of his fortune and the geni who served it have chopped down the jungle and fenced in the wilds. A year ago all was a wilder-, ness. Now 20,000 acres are Under his pastoral or agricultural control, and many miles of wire fences have gone up about itf He has erected stables for hundreds j of horses and ' ponies and has a dairy supplied by one hun dred cows, and a magnificent bungalo home with electric lights. Ice-making machines! and the other comforts which the nabobs, of St. Louis most love. Allj this its In one of the wildest parts of ;the. black continent . where antelope are as thick as sheep In Ohio, where : there are more zebras than there are cows in Kentucky, Where rniii are more numerous than horses in .Virginia, anj where the lion still roars night after night and the leopard lies in j wait for his prey.: The estate itself teems with wild animals; and it is one: lof the great private game preserves of the world, i A Pike County Millionaire. 1 The man i refer to is Mr. William jN. McMillan lof Missouri. I have calledVhlm a Pike county millionaire, although I am not sure that he comes from Pike. Like all Missourians, he usually registers from St. Louis. He Is about 33 years old, is dark com plexioned, tall, straight and fine look ing, and he weighs, ' I judge, about '170 pounds. ; He is a man of culture as well as a. man "of muscle and en terprise, and lie is evidently also a man of great wealth. He has already spent a fortune; on his African estate, and I am; told that he is now putting out from $60,000 (to $100,000 a year inf Improvements. X He is supposed by the citizens here j to be worth some tens of mllliohs of dollars j and j to have an income running into the hun dreds of thousands a year. . ;; ; , ! ; As to these .things, however. I know only from hearsay.- Mr. McMillan is a modest man. land when I took tea with him . at hls; city , home here In Nairobi the other day, I did not feel at liberty to ask Mm personal ques tions, indeed a large, part of the in formation ; which I give In this letter concerning his jfartn and his opera tions comes f rm I Pther sources. ; al though 1 considerable cropped out;- in Pur chat about farming, land-holding and big-game "hunting on this great African f plateaui ; i ; ( .. " The Joja Ilanch. , 0 The name of Mr. MacMillan's big ranch Is the Juja farm. I see( a post ing notice concerning R in the, Nairobi Globe Trotter; of this week, stating that Us I boundaries! are unmistakable, that shooting Us1 absolutely prohibited and that tresspassers will be prose cuted. The - farm f lies right In the heart of the big game country. It Is on the Athl plains more than a mile above the iseai In a; region which ' is high a-nd healthy. ; - , The Juja! ranch is bounded by three rivers ard la (now surrounded by ; a wire fence. Inside; the fence are thousandth of antelopes..1 great droves of zebras and a large number of gnus, or wllde beeste, which are a combin ation between j a horse and a cow and are of the j antelepe . species. I There are also, rhinos and hippo unnumber ed. The hippopotamuses infest the lands along the; rivers, and these streams are alsoi Inhabited by croco diles. The other day Mrs. MacMil lan's favorite 'terrier attempted to swim a creek not far from the1 house and was gobbled up by a crocodile. A day or two ; before: that a rhinoceros attacked one of the negroes who was hoeing the jlettuee in the garden and damaged him considerably, and every npw and then a (hippopotamus from the swamps of the (Athl river, freaks lnand has b. meal off the peanuts or sweet potatoes. The amount thatl these animals eat Is hot so great but they tramp over the garden, crushing the vegetables into ( mush with their glint feet and they are apt to wallow InUhe flowers. j j. j- A palace in( a. Wilderness.. ; I don't suppose, I ought to calrMr. MacMillan's country home a palace. It would not beonf inj Londcm, Paris, Washington ; or Berlin, but it is cer terly palatial In thlj land, where, until within a dozen years; ago, there were nothing butj mud straw, and vyhere conspicuous by huts thatched; with the! natives are still their nudity. The home ,1s a low bungalo,; painted a cool green arid , white, with wide halls, spaciou veramdas and long, easy chairs all whispering comfort to the saddle-tired hunter - who . may have just come in. chased a lion, or from a long hunt! on the plains ( The i house itself was imported fromEng land in sections, the material being brought thirty miles by oxen lover flooded rivers through almost Impass able swamps' and (through a country filled with wild beasts. This Is so also of the furniture, the wall papers and the beautiful engravings and books, and also of the modern farm implements of various kinds which arP! now used on the estate. ; The same Is true of the machinery of the pumping., station and electric light pUnt which are down ( near ; the river and earn light and water to all the( (buildings tori the homestead. The structures include j an engine house and room's for dynamos, storage cells and an Ice chamber.' Tlie Dairy and Its Hundred Cows, ; In talking with jme Mr. MacMUlan said he had - how 00 milch cows In his , dairy. Each gives only a gallon of milk h day, but (the milk (is almost pure cream, nd far Hcher than that of bur American cows. Mr. : MacMIlan tells; me that he is now making ; a great deal of butter; and that the most of 1 flnclv a ready market in Nairobi. He speaks confidently; of the f utur of British East Africa as a dairying country, faying that, the grass Is rich In its butter-producing qualities, and prophesying that j this colony wiil some da. export buiter to India, S rath Africa and ' London. ' Mr. MacMillan's dairy on the Juja ranch Is a wonder to the people here. It Is equipped as well a any of JLhe cowhouses belonging to our million aires of the United States. Its fit tings are of white enamel; It has a boiler for sterilizing the utensils, a steam separator with white enamel fittings and everything is managed In the: inos: sanitary ivay.' On one side, of the dairy is a bacon room contain ing flltch.es and hams, and ddwn " on a marshy bend of the river nearby are piggeries, in which arc swine of all sizes, fattened on the refuse milk. Stables and Hclr Abyssinian Ponies. The 4Ju ja stables have quarters for 100 herees and ponies, with box stalls and all other conveniences. The floors are payel and drained and the loose boxes are ( netted against mosquitoes, which during the rainy season are death to horses in this part (of the world. : Outside the stables are chick en runs and not far from them are a large number of farm wagons lately imported from Wisconsin (for .use" on the estate. Among the animals used for draft are Bombay mules and East Indian cxen. both of which seem - to thrive here. Mr. MacMUlan has - re cently brought in about 100 . ponies and mules from ? Abyssinia, He j has altogether 600 cattle, having just be gun - to "stock, the ranch. His cattle have humps on their backs; they are descendants of the sacred bulls of In dia, but he Is now Importing Here ford anC Guernsey bulls to improve the breed. ' Tlie Question of Ijibor. asked him of the African natives as an ed him of the African natives as an available labor supply. He say that they do"well and that the wages paid average about " $1.33 a month per man. He has about ten white fore men and something like seven hun . dred Hindoos, Somalis, 'I Masai and other native' Africans. The Masai are a stock raising people and they are valuable upon the ranches, ;-. as they know : how to care for cattlo. They will jo nothing in the way of cultivation or other hard labor. The Wakakuyu, on the . other hand, are fond of farming and can use the hoe fairly well. Such men as are work ing away' from their - own country have to be fed ; - but this costs only about 75 cents a month over their pay. Those who are employed from the tribes nearby are allowed to go home every night and feed them selves, Mn nf th farmers here use Afri can or Indian servants. V" The ,Som? alls are; good boys and the Swahllls are In great demand. . The wages oi a fairly good house bojr are about ten cent a day and his food. The better class cooks, however, sometimes get an much as $13 a month,- and sucjv wages are rising, v ' ' V DomeMticating Ue Zebra. There are great droves of zebras running about over the wilder parts of Mr. McMillan's big farm. He per mits no shooting upon them by stran gers, and as -a. result these -animais are remarkably tame ; considering their character, and . locality. .After the farm is in good running order, an attempt will be 'made to domesti cate the zebra, and experiments in cross-breeding will be carried on. Indeed, this has already been' at tempted here and there -throughout the country and especially at the gov ernment agricultural farm at Navisha lake between here " and Uganda. I have gone, through Navisha and the wild zebW about ther look ( fine and healthy. 1 1 is different with the tame ones on the government farm. The experiment wa begun In 1904. when one hundred head were brought in from the wilds. They fell off one by one, being attacked by parasite V, and disease; ah J the experiment is now considered a failure. ' The secretary of agriculture says that he has great hopes of the zebras born in captivity, and thinks they may eventually be handled like donkeys and horses. As) to the wild zebras, he sa-s it Is 'Im possible to take them from- the plains and use them for farm animals; and he advises ; the settlers that oxen and mules are better and cheaper. A wild zebra never becomes, docile and . the natives cannot possibly handle it The colts. If treated kindly, seem to change their nature, and I -have seen zebras driven . about hitched to car-' riages and spring wagons, and In some places even ridden by natives. 'How to Break the Zebra. I have before roe the report made by the farmer In charge qf the gov ernment ranch giving his conclusions as to zebra training After saying that the animals need a wide range he tells how he broke five stallions, after they had . been haltered and stabled for more than a year. He says that one of these was . savage to ferocity and unsafe to approach In the stall or out side.' The others he hitched up to an old military wagon,1 using a set of mule harness reversed, with i th breeching acting, as the breast-collar, and with rope tugs. It took him one whole month before "he could run a pair of these zebras together, and six weeks before a good team could be depended upon. After that they went fairly well. He worked them for sev eral weeks hauling brush and ,.wood, and at the 'end they became i thin. They would eat only grass, and turned up their, noses at bran and corry They were good pullers and strong. Shortly after turning them out on pasture they picked up and grew fat once more. One of the chief troubles of keep ing the zebras In captivity. !s that they become4nfected with worms and para sites of various kinds. Old settlers, who understand the country, say that the zebra . has these . same parasites when he runs wild on.the plains, but that he knows certain ' plants . and grasses which are antidotes for them and seeks them - out and eatsV them. This keeps him In health. . notwith standing the parasites. When In cap tivity such wide ranging is not possi ble, he can not find his medicine and as a result grows sick and dies. Dig Farms in Africa. The farm pf Mr. MacMUlan. which I have described, , is : one, of the big es" tates which are springing lip here on the high African plateau. There are a number of the kind, and the papers, are filled with -warnings" to hunters that, they (must not shoot upon .these large properties. The division of the land into big holdings, through favor itism or In other ways,, is creating a great dea' of comment and -It is de nounced by the ..smaller settlers. Among the big estates are( those , of Lord Hindlip. who has over 100,000 acres, o; the East. African syndicate. Which has 500.000 square miles, o who has 100.000 acres and mor. 320,000 acrand of Lord DHaiucre, Lord-De-hiinere'es estate is 7,000 f-ei above s;a level, and the equator runs 'r trhfugh It lie has alreudr 1,000 acres under cultivation, and ha. stocked -his pastures with 8,000. native sheep and 600 Imported Merinos.. He has also Imported rams and 200 Ry-land-crossed native lambs. He is ex perimenting In cattle rearing, and has a herd of 17,000 native head. Includ ing 800 "cxen. lie has fourteen Short horns and a number of Hereford. lie has also a-model dairy. : Other far mers are bringing In European stock for breeding purposes. There Is : a settler not far from Nairobi who ljn. recently Imported thirty Merino, rams and 100 Merino ewes. This man is also engaged ("In dairying, ; and has several fine Guemsey bulls. No Place for Poor Americans. . . There Is one thing I should like to say. about British East Africa: It in no place ir poor Amencaius nu wo poor Englishman who can do r well here is a wonder. The land seems tu bp good, and it can be bought com paratively, cheap; but everything Is far from the markets, and all Imports are high. Labor Is exceedingly low. A native can often be employed for i cents ,a day, and hundreds work for 3 cents a day. But 1C Is dlfAculc to control them, and the conditions arq impossible . for the ordinary American farmer who has but little money and relies largely on his muscle and brain. The British East African government advises no one to4come to the country unless he has at least $l!500, and ; it says he should have $3,000 to do well. The cost of land Tanges from 66 cents to $1.30 an acre, according to whether it is near or far from the railroad. This I for farm lands. Pastures can be bought for as low as 30 cents an acre and homesteads of 160 acres, with the right pf preempting 480 acres mqre, can be 8; purchased, by Install ments, spread over sixteen years. The right of preemption lapses at the end of three years, if 48 acres out of the 160 have not been cultivated. As a general thing the. government will hot grant more than 5,000 acres to any one man, although 10,000 acres may be acquired by special arrangement It would take about 3,000 sheep to stock 1,00 0 acres of good grazing land; and the government estimates ' that the capital needed to start with 500 sheep and 20 cows would be in the neighbor hood of $3.000. , ( ;;' ' ' ': ; Dissatisfied Settlers. As It is now the settlers who have taken . up small holdings are dissatis fied with the prospects. This country is a world of; undeveloped possibili ties, and If it were thrown open, 'as was our great west each - man - being, given 160 acres outright and aided as Canada is now aiding its settlers, the land would, soon be taken . up .and a considerable white population would result. , as u is now most oi we best tracts along the railroad are in the hands of English nabobs, and the hww dreds of comparatively poor men who came here from South Africa at the close of the Boer-war have left Many -of those who remained are living In little galvanize Q iron shacks, and are not doing overly welL ' - ; j ."" , Nevertheless thet-e la no reaaonwhy this should not some day be a white man's country, settled by whltej men. Everywhere above 5,000 feet the cli mate is healthy, and at 8,000 feet Ice , is usually- seen in the early morning. A great part-of the: highlands has. a good ( rainfall, and almost anyj- kind pf crop common u the temperate sone will grow Farther down near the coast patches of cotton have j been planted, and are yielding 300 or 400 pounds of ljnt to the acre. I j ha'-s already spoken of the coffee planta tions about' Nairobi. . I am told there are also good coffee lands on tho slopes of Mount Kenia, - Some tobacco' farms have been set out along the Ramist river, and vegetables are now being raised here for Mombasa and the other ports farther down the cuast The people hope to raise European vegetables for South Africa, and jit is their Idea that they will eventually ex port meat to that country. The great est obstacles now In sight, are! the Insect pests and animal diseases, but they will probably Joe conquered, and these" vast plains, which are now sup porting thousands upon thousands iof antelopes, zebras, gnus and other (wild animals, will eventually be teeming With cattle and sheep. ! .,. . , FRANK G. CARPENTER. In The ITest Cot (Continued From Page Three bursting; and always that plea from the next cot He hoped the little chap would sleep soon,. and about twoj in the -morning the voice did "become weaker, and presently stopped . alio gether. j ' : -: ' Wilklns did not sleep, and '.when daylight came he had the easiest Run ning landau in N? York carry him home. It was weeks before he cpuld hobble out' on crutches, but his first visit wai to the Stony Lady, Willy was there. "Glad to see you out . again, old man," he said cheerfully. "Take this chair; I'm going. Just proposed for the fiftieth and last time and i I'm going!" . - -.." ' , : Wilklns took a chair very near Stony Lady. ! ; the Kate," he said, "I want you marry me." .-' ;",; . ".. to . "You have told me that before. she said; 'Willy has Just completed his hatf century. I thought you had over that" ; ! . : . ( i; ;. ': Wilkirs did not heed her. , ( ! "I want you to, marry me," he )srt listed. I want you. You know love you." - ;:, . The Stony Lady smoothed the pat tern of her dress across her knee and ignored his last words. .They, called for no deniaL She did know he loved her. r ;;;. .V '.' f "Have you forgotten already," ho safd softly "what you said in the hos pital? Have you forgotten about tho baby that cries for. a drink that It does not need'" . : ' x . "NO," Wllk ins exclaimed.' In fc;y thousand years I could not forget! I'll adjnif that I may not need you, v deserve you. If' I were a man like the men who fight I would not come to you until my deed was done and my fight was fought but , I am a, baby, and I must have what I want, and I must have It now,"1 You have changed . your Ideas nlnce I saw you last," she said gettly. "Then you agreed with me." , "Kate," h- said, with ecrnestness," 'you were wrong! You should. give.' a baby whatever it cries for. Jf you were" a baby I would give you the whoie earth if you wanted it and all I tant Is heaven I insist!" "It is impossible' she murmured, and his mouth shut and formed a stubborn line, and bP looked (up ouicKiy ana smii-sa. .id luuded. "to .id guided, "U j refuse you.
The News & Observer (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Feb. 23, 1908, edition 1
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