Newspapers / Carolina Watchman (Salisbury, N.C.) / Jan. 3, 1850, edition 1 / Page 2
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- i ! 'i ! 9 f A f.i-i M. vice to trade the penalties of our laws by meant ofaeadelter Jretielf tuld in uraxu, , when pro- tided; witb such, papers by the. CeWil, instead tf returning tetbe United States lor a new re giiter proceed at once to the coast of Africa, for the purpose of obtaining cargoes of slaves. Much additional information, of ibe same cha racter has recently been transmitted to the De partment of Slate,. It has not been considered the policy f our, laws to subject an American citizen, who, in a foreign country, purchases a teasel in the United States, to the incenren- ience of sending her ho;ne for a new register, before permitting her Jo proceed on a voyage. Any alteration of the laws .which might have a tendency to Impede the free transfer of proper ty In vessels between our citizens, or the tree navigation of those Yessels between different parts of the world, when employed in lawful commerce, should be well and cautiously con sidered : but I trust that your wisdom will de. make reasonable allOnce tot tteiifficu,if 8 IV. tiil.ii ikot t Vi I recommend the establishment of a branch int Ui California, as it will, pn my opinioni af- . . V I - ant facilities to inose engagrq in m iora import mining, as well as to the Government in the inarnarablA from this task. islands may rnairuain, weir inaepiiuence, anu that other nations should concur With us In tbis sentiment. We could, in no event, be indif hreni to their nassin? under the dominion of any other Power. The principal commercial States hare in this a common Interest, and It is to be hoped that no one of thenr will attempt to interpose obstacles to their independence of the islands. ' i : H h The receipts into the Treasury for the fiscal year ending on the thirtieth of June last were, in cash, forty-eight millions eight hundred and thirty thousand ninety seven dollars and -fifty cents, ($48,830,097 50,) and in Treasury notes funded, ten millions eight hundred and tbirty three thousand dollars, (10,833,000.) making an ap?reffate of fiftv nine millions six hundred and sixty three thousand ninety seven dollars and fifty cents, ($59,663,09750 ;) and the ex pendifures for the same time were, in cash, vise a method by which our general policy, in forty six millions seven hundred and ninety, this respect, may be preserved, and at the same eight thousand six hundred and sixty seven dol- time the abuse of our flag, by means, of sea Urs and eighty two cents, (046,798.667: 82,) letters. In the manner indicated, may be pre. and in Treasury notes funded, ten millions eight Tented.- hundred and thirty three thousand dollars, 810,- Having ascertained that there is no prospect 833,000.) making an aggregate of fifty seven f tVtm rfHininn nl the five States of Central mi 1 1 inn -mix hundred nnrl ihirfv one thousand America, which formerly composed the repub- six hundred and sixty seven dollars and eighty I disposition of the mineral lands. i: r ik.i .... rv,a .ro hnr tpniniolv n'trniiAi. I i,a ini. 7ft;T AA7 flOhV I also recommend that commissions edj with some of them treaties of amity and The accounts and estimates which will be commerce, which will be laid before the Sen- submitted to Congress in jhe report of the Se ate. cretary pf the Treasury, show that there will A contract having been concluded with the probably be a deficit, occasioned by the ex State of Nicaragua, by a company composed of penses of theMexican war and treaty, on the American citizens, for the purpose of construct, first day of July next, of five millions eight ing a ship canal through the territory of that hundred and twenty eight thousand one hundred State, to connect the Atlantic and Pacific o- and twenty one dollars and sixty six cents, $5,. ccans, I have directed the negotiation of treaty 828,121 66.) and on the first day of July, 1851, with Nicaragua, pledging both Governments to often millions five hundred and forty seven protect those who shall engage in and perfect thousand and ninety two dollars and seventy the work. AU other nations are invited by the three cents, ($10,547,092 73.) making in the State of Nicaragua to enter into the samelreaty whole a probable deficit, to be provided for, of stipulations with her; and the benebt tobede. sixteen millions three hundred and seventy five m ' a "lit. la -ft 4 - . thousantf two: hundred and fourteen dollars and thirty nine cents, $16,375,217 39.) The ex. traordinary expenses of the war with Mexico, and the' purchase of California and New Mex ico, exceed in amount this deficit, together with the loans heretofore made for those objects. I therefore recommend that, authority be given to borrow whatever sum may be necessary to co ver that deficit. I recommend the observance of strict economy in the appropriatoin and ex penditure of the public money. I recommend a revision of the existing ta riff and its adjustment on the basis which may augment the revenue. I do bot doubt the right or duty of Congress to encourage domestic in dustry, which is' the great source" of national as well as individual wealth and prosperity. I look to the wisdom and patriotism of Congress for the adoption of a system I which Jnay place t the Treasury, for tW purpose of meeting ap propriations frrlbe Improvement of its rivers and harbors. ' r ' .' A party, engaged on the coast survey, was dispatched to Oregon in January last. Accor. A'.m in iti- laiKsT advices! thev had not left California; and directions bate been given to them, as soon as they shall have fixed on ) he sites two light-houses and the juoys authorized to be constructed and placed i Oregon, to pro reed without delay to make teconnoissances of the most important points jpn the coast of I rvJirVirftU nd Prillv to examine and de- termine on sites; for light-houses on that coast, the speedy erection of which;! is urgently de. manded by our; rapidly increasing commerce. I have transferred the Indian Agencies from Upper Missouri and Council jBlufft to Santa Fe and Salt Lake, and have caused to be ap pointed sub. agents in the allys of Gila,fihe Sacramento, and San Joaqufn rivers. Still further legal provisions will b necessary for the efTective and successful Extension of our system of Indian intercourse oyer the new Ter- ntones. i . .r -r.u Kr.- s it r. I ereirn nower of the nation. With ecu s rm... ... .v.. ....MiArnT of we should study to defend the rtshts of . iifi i; J fi.r .tieh of khe offloi.r. nm dis- eculiveaod Judicial departments, l Our I SJS vui vu ?! - - w I riyed by each from such an arrangement will be the protection of this great inter-oceanic com. munication against any Power which might seek to obstruct it, or to monopolize its advan. tiges. All the States entering into such a trea ty wilFenjoy the right of passage through the canal pn payment ol tne same tons. ' The work, if constructed under these guar. anties, wtll become a bond of peace instead of a subject "of contention and strife between the nations of the earth. Should the great mari. time States of Europe consent to this arrange ment, (and we have no reason to suppose that a , proposition so fair and honorable will be oppos ed by any,) the energies of their people and ours will co-ope rate in promoting the success of the enterprise. I do not recommend any appiopri atjon from the National Treasury for this pur. pose, nor do I believe that such an appropn alion is necessarv. Private enterprise, if pro fieriy protected, will complete the work, should footing, and, by due encourgemeni of I prove io be feasible. Tne parties who have factures, give a new and increased stim procured llhe charter Irom INicaragua, tor Us construction, desire no assistance from this Go vernment beyond Us protection : and they pro. fess that, having examined the proposed line of communication, they will be ready to commence the undertaking whenever that protection shall be extended to them. Should there appear to be or- ganized by Congress to examine and decide the validity of the present subsisting land titles in California and New Mexico ; and that pro- vision be made for the establishment of officers of Surveyor General in New Mexico, Califor nia, and Oregon, and for the! surveying and bringing into market the public lands in tnose territories. Those lands, remote in position and difficult of access, ought tqj be disposed of on terms liberal to all, but especially favorable to the early emigrants. 1 In order that the -situation and character of the principal mineral depositees in California may be ascertained I recommend that a geo logical and mi be ra logical exploration be con. nected with the linear surveys, and that the mineral lots suitable for mining, and be dis. posed of, by sale or lease, so ato give our citi zens an opportunity of procuring a permanent right of property in the soil, mis would seem to be as important io the success of mining as of agricultural pursuits. 1 The great mineral wealth oC California, and the advantages which its' ports and harbors and those of Oregon afford to commerce, especially with the islands of the Pacific arid Indian oceans and the populous regions of Eastern Asia, make it certain that there will arise fin a few years large and prosperous communitiesj)n our wes tern coast. It therefore becomes important that a line of communication the best and most expeditious which the nature of the coun try will admit, should be opened within theater home labor at last on a sure and permanent ritory of the United States, from the navigable waters of the Atlantic or the Gulf of Mexico to the Pacific. Opinion, as elicited and expressed by two large and respectable. Conventions lately assembled at St. Louis and Memphis, dapted. I stronslv recommend to De reason, on examining ine wnoie evidence, to adoption of that system; filing cnienain a serious uouui oi me praciicaouiiyoi constructing such a canal, that doubt could be speedily solved by an actual exploration of the route.'" - houkl such a work be constructedunder the common protection of all nations, for equal benefits to all, it would be neither just nor ex pedient that an great maritime State should command the communication. The territory ..through which the canal may be opened ought to be freed from the claims of any foreign Pow. er. fto such Power should occupy a position that would enable it hereafter to exercise so controlling an influence over the commerce of manu give a new and increased stimulus to agriculture, and' promote' the development of our vast resources and the extension of our commerce. Believing that to the attainment of these ends (as well as the necessarv aug mentation of the revenue and the prevention of country. But while this, if unsuccessful ope fraud:) a system of specific! duties is best a- ration, would be a work of great national im- qualified : for active and elective service. Should Congress adopt I some such .measure as is recommended It will greatly increase the efficiency of the Navy, and reduce its expendi- lures f . - I also ask your attention to the views ex. pressed by bini in reference to the employment of war steamers, and in regard to the contracts for the transportation ot the unueo oiaies mails and the operation of the system upon the prosperity of the Navy. By an ad of Congress passed August 14th, 1848, provision was made lor exienaing posi office and mail accomodations to California and Oregon. Exertions have been made to execute that law ; but the limited provisions of the act, the inadequacy of the means it authorizes, the ill adoption of our post office laws to the situa lion of that; country, and the measure of com nensation for services allowed by those laws compared with the prices of labor and rents in California, fender those exertions, in a great degree, ineffectual. More particular and effi. cient provision by law is required on this sub- ject. I The act of 1845, reducing postage, has now by its operation during four jears, produced re sults fully ihowing that the income from such reduced nostaffe is sufficient to sustain the whole expense of the servico of the Post Office Department, not including the cost of tranipor lation in mail steamers, on the lines from New York to Chagres, and from Panama to Astoria which have not been considered by Congress as properly belonging to the mail service. It is submitted to the wisdom ot Congress whether a further reduction of postage should not now be made, more particularly on the let. ter, correspondence. This should be relieved from the unjust burden of transporting and de. livering the franked matter of Congress, for which public service provision should be made from the Treasury I confidently believe that a charge may safely be made, reducing all sin. gle letter postage to the uniform rate of five cts. regardless pf distance, without thereby impos ing any greater tax on the Treasury than would constitute a very moderate compensation for tbis public service ; and I therefore respectful ly recommend such a reduction. Should Con. gress prefer to abolish the franking privilege entirely, it seems probable that no demand on the treasury would result from the proposed re- , f : . tin --i r... l j: auction oi postage, vrnemer any luriuer ui. minution should now be made, or the result ot the reduction to five .cents, which I have re commended, be first tested, is submitted to your decision. . Since the commencement of the last session of Congress, a postal treaty with Great Britain has been received and ratified, and such regu lations have been formed by the Post Office Departments of the two countries, in pursuance of that treaty, as to carry its provisions into full operation. The attempt to extend this same arrangement, through England, to France, has al care the Ex. Gov ernment can only be preserved io its purity by the suppression and entire limination of every claim or tendency of one co-ordinate branch to encroachment upon another. With the strict observance of this rule and the other injunctions of ihe Constitution ; with a sedulous inculation of thjit nnct and love for the Union of the Slates which our fathers cherished and enjoin ed upon their children ; and with the aid of that over-ruling Providence which has so long and so kindly guarded our laws and our insti tutions , we' may reasonably expect to transmit them with there innumerable blessings to the remotest posterity. But attachment to the Union of the States should be habitually fostered in every Ameri can heart. For more than half a century, do- rin which kingdoms and empires have fallen. this Union has stood unshaken. The patriots who formed it have long since descended to the grave ; yet still it remains, the proudest monu ment to their memory, and the object of affec tion and admiration with every one worthy to bear the American name. In my judgement, its dissolution! would be the greatest of calami ties, and to avert that should be the study of every American. Upon its preservation must depend our own happiness and that of countless generations to come. Whatever dangers may threaten it, 1 shall stand by it and maintain it in its integrity, to the full extent of the obliga tions imposed, and the power conferred upon me by Ihe Constitution. Z. TAYLOR. W ashingtox, December 4tb, 1849. THE CAROLINA WATCHMAN. Salisbury- N. C. TIICRSDAY El, JAMART S, 1820. CC7a We learn from a gentleman lv has travelled over that portion "of iu Plank TlrtArl nrtur rAmn1til .1 s 7 considerable embarrassment exreriL , by wagoners passing each other. Ti I 1 : : i 1. r L l Ct I and one or the other of op and do' teams must necessarily ran off the road t allow the other to pass. If the loading s not calculated with a view to encounu ing the hard draw of regaining the track, by either ascending a steep grade or dat ing through a deep bank of sand, wagoner is in ax. Our informaD:, . opinion that unless this difficulty ttTnA uieu, ie utility oi the J'lank Road ;n only be productive of vexations; and market men will never travel it butonct Will the Fayetteville papers tell usoftl proposed remedy in the case. t ! . points to a railroad as that which, if practicable, not been equally successful ; but the purpose will best meet the wishes 'and wants of the has been abandoned. Congress the the duties at rates high enough to afford substantial and suf- cient encouragement to our own ; industry, and, at the same time, so adjusted as to ensure sta bility. . ; ' jj .; j, . The question of the continuance of the Sub treasury system is respectfully submitted to the wisdom of Congress. If continued, important modifications of it appear to be indispensable. For further details and views of the above, and other matters connected; with commerce, the finances, and revenue. portance. and of a value to the! country which it would be difficult to estimate, it ought also to be regarded as ah undertaking of vast mag nitude and expense and one which must, if it be indeed practicable, encounter many difncnl. ties in its construction and use. Therefore, to avoid failure and disappointment : to enable Congress to judge whether, in the condition of the country through which ill must pass, the work be feasible ; and, if it be found so, wheth er, it should be undertaken as a national im provement or left to Individual enterprise i and, in the latter alternative, what aw, if any, ought to be extended to it bv the Government. I re. I refer to the report of the Secretary of the Treasury. No direct aid has been given by theLGener- commend, as a preliminary measure, a careful al Government to the imnrnvmnt "nf atrrionl. reconnoissance of the several nronosed routes . 1. . . .... . 1 - r - -i.: : 3 1 .s i - taeAvorw, oro onstruct a highway which ought ture, except by the expenditure small sums bJ to be dedicated to the common uses of man- for the collection and publication of agricul. P tural statistics, and for some chemical analysis, ...U:kr.. 1 .1 rL 2'?ji : r . kind. pee and Panama, are also worthy of our wor- L patent fund. This aid is, in mvf opinion, whol- thy of our serious consideration. They did not ly inadequate. To give to this leading branch fail to engage- the attention of my predecessor. The negotiator of the treaty of .Gaudalupe Hi dalgo wis instructed to offer a very large sum of money for he right of transit across the Isthmus ot Tehuantepec. The Mexican Go vernment did not accede to the proposition for the purchase of lhe. right of way, probably be- cause 11 naa atreaay contracted with private individuals for the construction of a paesRge vfrom the Guasacualco river to Tehuantepec. I hall not renew any propontion to purchase, of American industry the encouragement which 111 meriis, 1 respecuuiiy recommend the estate lishment of ah Agricultural Bureau, to be con. nected with the Department of the Interior. To elevate the social condition of the agricul turist, to increase his prosperityand to extend his means of usefulness to his country, by mul. liplying bis sources pf information, should be the study of every statesman, and a primary object with every Jegislator.; J No civil government harlnsr been nrnvirfoH J r O T . r w m for money, a right which ought to be equally by Concress for California. Ihe rUnnle of ihat secured to all nations, on payment of a reason- Territory, impelled by the necessities of their al1 tnll In ilia .f.lL. ! . . I I I l. ' . 1 . -w.w iuu iv lucvniicn wi me nuproTemeni. wno poinicaj conauion, recently ftiet th Convention, would, doubtless, be well contented with that .compensation and the guaranties of -the mari '. ime Slates of the world, in separate treaties negotiated with Mexico, binding her and them to protect those who should construct the work. Such guaranties would do more to secure: the : cpmplelionof the communication through the territory of Mexico than any other reasonable consideration that could be offered; and as Mexico' herself would be the greatest gainer . by the opening of this communication between : the Gulf nd ihe Pacific ocean, it is presumed that she would not hesitate to yield her aid, in Jlhe manner proposed, to accomplish an improve ment io important to her own best interests. Ve have reason to hope that, the proposed railroad across the Isthmus at Panama will be ; successfully constructed, under the- protection of the late treaty with New Grenada, ratified for the purpose of forming ! constitution and btate government, which the latest advices give me reason to suppose has j been accom plished; and it is believed, ihey will Ishortly apply for the admission of California into the Union as a sovereign Statel A Should such be the case, and should their constitution, be con. formable to the requisitions f the Constitution of the United States, I recommend their appli cation to the favorable consideration of Con 'gress. . .jj; : . The people of New Mexico will also, it is believed, at no very distant period present themselves for admission into the Union. Pre. paratory to the admission pf California and NewJMexico, the people of each i will have in. stituted for themselves a republican orm of government, laying its foundations in such principles, -and orcanizins Its Dowers in such and exchanged by my predecessor on the 10th a to them shall seem most likely to ef- day of June, 1843, which guaranties the per- ect their safety and happiness." feci neutrality ot (be isthmus, and the r.ghts of By awaiting their action, all causes of unea- sovereignty and property of the New Grenada siness may be avoided, and confidence and kind over that territory, "with a view that the free feeling preserved. With altieW of maintain- transit Irom ocean to ocean may not bo inter, ing harmony and tranquilityiso dear to all, we rupted or embarrassed" duringtbe existence of should abstain from the introduction of those the treaty. It :s our policy to encourage every exciting topics of a sectional character which pracl.cab route across ihe Isthmus, which have hitherto produced painful aoDrehensions conoec u iNorth andtfouth America, either by in the public mind ; and I If pea 'the solemn ii roau or canai, wnicn tne enersr and enter, warning of tha fir.t tA fit.... r i o - - - iiiuiiiivui ui iu prise of our citizens may induce them to comi plete ; tnd I consider it"$bligatory upon me ; fo adopt ihjt policy, especially in consequence of ate absolute necessity of facilitating Inter coarse with our possessions on the Pacific. The potiijon of the Sandwich Islands, with reference to the territory of the United States : T1 tbe Pacific ; the success if our persevering no ocnruntxiuzens w ho(h a rej repaired to remote quarter In christianizing the natives and Mucin them to adopt a system of government n$ laws suited lo their capacity nd wants; And the ine made by our numerous whale-ships of Jlhe harbors of the islands as places of re. , son tor obtaining refreshments and repairs, all .. combine tp render their destiny peculiarly in teresting to us. It is our duty to encourage thef authorities of those islands in their efforts to Improve and -pQditipn of the predecessors against lurnisbins uanr eround for characteriiing parties by geographical dis criminations." . '-. I M A Collector has been appointed at Sah Fran eisco, under the act of Congress extending the Tevenue laws over California ; Hand measures have been taken to organize the custom-bous. es at that and the other plnrts mehtiolied in th act, at theearliest period practicable. i he Collector proceeded overlanoVand advices have not yet been received of his arrival at ban Francisco. Meanwhile, it is understood that Jhe customs have contiaoed to be Collect, ed there bv officers aoi;n .u.. . -.... uiiiict mo iiiiiiio.fr authority, as they were during! the adriinistra. tioo of my predecessor. It! will, I think, be etpedieot to confirm the colledionk tH.. t- elevate the moral and political Con e..U,t Howahces a. innibitanu; and wbould SVwML kZtu M'- i r"Q 'tn th Termor, or tq be paid fa- inW nropo a scientific corps, and a report as to the practicability of making such a road, with an estimate of the Cost of its construction and sup port. ? ' 1 For further views on these and other matters connectted with the duties ot the Home Depart- ment, I refer you to the report of the Secretary oi me interior. . 1 I recommend early appropriarions for con unuing me river and harbor i improvements which have been already begun, and also for the construction of those for which estimates nave oeen made, as well as foe examinations and estimate preparatory to the country, and especially the advance of our population! over new districts, and the extension of commerce may render necessary. An estimate of the amount which Can be anvantageously expended within the next fiscal year, under the direction of the Bureau of Topographical Engineers, ac. companies the report of the Secretary of War, to which I respectfully invite the attention of Congress. The cession; of territory made by the late treaty with Mexico has recently extended our 1 J M J j. I ... , caiuscu irowier, ana renaerea us. aeience more difficult. That treaty has also brought us un der obligations to Mexico, to comply with which a military force is requisite. But our military establishment is not materially changed, as to its efficiency, from the condition in which it stood before the commencement! of the Mexi can war. Some addition to it will therefore lie necessary; and I recommend tci the favorable consideration of Congress an increase of the several corps of the army at our distant wes tern posts, as proposed in the accompanying re. port of the Secretary of War. 1 Great embarrassment has resulted from the effect upon rank, in the army, heretofore given to brevet and staff Commissions. I The views of tho Secretary of War on this subject are deem ed important, and if carried into) effect Will, it is believed, promote the harmony of the service. The plan proposed for retiring! disabled offi. cers, and providing an assylum for such of the rank and file as from age. Wounds, and other infirmities occasioned by service! have become unfit to perform the respective duties, is re com- mended as a means of increasing the efficien cy of the army, and as an act pf justice due tfom a grateful country to the faithful soldier. .ihe accompanying report of the Secretary oi ioe avy presents a lull and satisfactory ac count of the condition and operation sof the na. val service during the past year. 1 Our citizens engaged in the legitimate pursuit! of commerce have enjoyed Us benefits. Wherever our na lional vessels have gone they Have been re. ceived with respect, our officer have been tiealed with. kindness and courtesv. and thev have on all occasions pursued a coarse of strict neutrality, in accordance with the1 policy of our uovernment. a j ue uaTKi force at present in commission is as large as is admissible, wnb the number 1 of men authorized by Congress to be employ. ru. . 1 ' I invite your! attention to the recommenda tion of the Secretary of the ifyrj tj the tub For a particular statement of the condition of the Post Office Department, and other matters connected with that branch of the public service I refer you to the report of the Post Master General. By the act of 3d March, 1849, a Board was constituted to make arrangements for taking the seventh census, composed of the Secretary of State, the Attorney General, and the Post Mastar General ; and it was made the duty of this Board 44 to prepare and cause to be printed such forms and schedules as might be necessa ry for the full enumeration of the inhabitants of the United States ; and also proper forms and schedules tor collecting, in statistical tables undei proper heads, such information as to mines, agriculture, commerce, manufactures, education, and other topics, as would exhibit a full view of the pursuits, industry, education, and resources of the country." The duties en joined upon the Census Board thus established having been performed, now rests with Con. gress to enact a law for carrying in effect the provision of the Constitution which requires an actual enumeration of the people of the United States within the ensuing year. Among the duties assigned by the Constitu tion to the General Government is one of lo cal and limited application, but not on that ac count the less obligatory ; 1 allude to the trust committed to Congress, as the exclusive legis lator and sole guardian of the interests of the District of Columbia. I beg to commend these interests to your kind attention. As the Na tional Metropolis; the city of Washington must be an object of general interest ; and, founded as it was under auspices of him whose immor tal name it bears, its claims to the fostering care of Congress present themselves with ad ditional strength.; Whatever can contribute to its prosperity must enlist the feelings of its constitutional guardians, and command their favorable consideration. i . - Our Government is one of limited powers, and its successful administration eminently de. pends on the confinement of each of its co-or- inate branches within its own appropriate sphere. The first section of the Constitution ordains that 44 all legislative powers therein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the ft n. i 1 Sit jm uuuea states, wnicn snail consist ot a Senate and House of Representatives." The Execu tive has authority to recommend fnot to dictated !..' measures to Congress. Having performed that duty, the Executive department of the Govern ment cannot rightfully control the decision of ; W. Congress On any subject of legislation, until that decision shall have been officially submit. ted to the President for approval. The cheek provided by the Constitution, in the clause con ferring. the qualified veto, will never be exer. cised by mh, except in the cases contemplated by the lathers of .the Kepublic. 1 view it as an extreme: measure, to be resorted to only in extraordinary cases as where it may become necessary to defend the Executive against the encroachments of the legislative power, or to prevent baity and inconsiderate or unconstitu. tional legislation. By cautiously confining this remedy within the sphere prescribed to it in the cotempOraneous expositions of the frame rs of the Constitution, the will of the people, le gitimately expressed on all subjects of legisla. tion, through their constitutional organs, the Senators and Representatives of the United States, will have its full effect. As indispen. sable lo the preservation of our system of self, government, the independence of the Repre. sentat.ives of the States and the People is guar antied by the Constitution; and they owe no responsibility to any human power but their constituent!. By; holding the Representative responsiblej only Jo the People and exempting him from all other influences, quickens his tense of responsibility to bis country. It is un der these circumstances only that the elector can feel that, in the choice of the law-maker. KAIL ROAD CONVENTION. We trust the friends of the Rail Road enterprise will not forget that next Satur day is the day appointed for the holding of a Convention in this County. The meeting will take place at the Court House in this Town. The object of it is to raise the remainder of subscriptions ne cessary to ensure the success of the work. Rowan has done well so far: has shown that she is not indifferent on the subject ; but on the contrary, that she regards the enterprise as one of great importance in the various aspects in which it may he viewed. But there remains yet much to do, and. we .know there is a strong con viction that we should do more. All those who have' taken stock are satisfied on this point : They have, many of them, done all they can with safety. They want those neighbors and citizens who have all along stood aloof now to come forward and help. Will they do so ? We feel as sured that they Will. They are, many of them, well convinced of the necessity of the improvement : they feel the want of it almost every day of their lives, and are destined constantly to suffer inconven ience and heavy losses until it shall be made. Now is a most auspicious time to push it forward : and if those concerned shall neglect to improve the present op portunity they will regret it for many a year to come. Now is the day and now is the hour. Come to the Convention. There will be many people here it is hop ed several distinguished gentlemen from a ' iai abroad, and able addresses may be ex pected. THE COMMERCE OF WILMINGTON The commerce of this Town has in creased within the last few years, even more than its population. But a few days ago, a Russian vessel was; cleared from this port with an assorted cargo of Nortlj Carolina produce, for a port in Germany 1 by Mr. II. B. Eilers. We aTe indebted to that gentleman for the following memo, randum of foreign vessels' which hare cleared at this port since the middle i of June 1849, for foreign ntarkets : June 14th German Schr. Flora, Captaia Peate, Cork or market, by Jeffries Leighton. I 20. German Brig Triton, Ratge, Cork pt market, by Jeffries and Leighton. 24. German Brig Gesine, Rabe, Baenoj Ayres by Potter & Kidderv j Aug. 1. Oldenburg Brig Orion, Corneli us, Amsterdam, by Deliosset oi.Brown. Sept. 21.German Brig Industrie, Laoge Amsterdam, by DeRosset & Brown.: 22. German Galliot Gazelle, Thuken,! Bremen, by Anderson 3c Latimer. ! Nov. 10. Russian Brig Leban, Summers, I Bremen, by H. B. Liiers. , We see no good reason why our raer l chants do not oftner ship direct to Liver-I pool, Havre and other European Market j Our staples, Rice, Lumber Naval Storei' &c,are all articles pf European demand i he expenses of transhipment at Ae York and Boston, including unloading, re. loading, commissions, port charges, doublt insurance, &c, must greatly diminish tit profits of a cargo; whilst on the otbet hand we cannot perceive one single ai vantage, except quicker returns of CDStcfl cargo. It is gratifying to perceive a de-f cided growth in this branch of the com merce of Wilmington, and as capital In creases here, it must continue lo grow. ' Generally, the commerce of Wilming ton is in a very flourishing condition. W hear it stated that the shipping arriving and clearing at this port, exceeds in a-;, mount of tonnage, that at Norfolk, Rich- mond and Petersburg combined. The accuracy of tbis we have no means of a certaining, but shall refer to the forthcecK. ing Treasury Report for information:' The continual struggle of this comrao-f- nity to create a city worthy of the btatfi an Emporium of North Carolina, such &i Charleston is for our Southern sister, del serves to awaken a kind feeling and a generous interest throughout the State. timing ton Aurora. PRESIDENTS MESSAGE. We rejoice to have it in our power to present to our readers the Message of President Taylor, to the' two houses of Congress now in session. It will be found to be a very plain statement of facts nothing more. Like his despatches, while commanding our army in Mexico, Gen. Taylor tells what he has to tell and stops' when he has done ; and there is no attempt at grand rhetorical flourishes. His style of writing, while in Mexico, was universally admired and praised, both by Whigs and Democrats. The same sim ple, straight forward style is discoverable throughout the Message. And yet, while this is so, the democratic papers are teem ing with criticisms, as unjust as they are ill-natured, but all tbis amounts to- nothing except so far as it shows that the democratic party want to get into power again. The people of the Country will find in the Message sufficient evidence to satisfy them that the capacity of their President is equal to the task they have imposed upon him ; and that while they have such a man at the head of the Gov ernment there is no heed, so far as he is concerned, to fear for the safety of the Republic. President Taylor here shows the practical turn of his mind; and the warmth with which he alludes to the Un ion and its preservation, will find a prompt response in the heart of every true friend of the- Country. The Free Soil Party in Congrcss.-Tht rsattonal Hira, tne anti-slavery organ in Washington, and of course well ifrl formed on this subject, thus notices the individuals composing the Free-Soil partjl in Congress! "The roll was called four times onMoB dap, but the House failed to elect a Speak- ci. 1UC 1 ICC'CUIICR) UlllllCLJ c Jj , yuuu nine votes, and, besides these, five wer? constantly given by Free Soil 'Whigs aa! Democrats in opposition tothe caucus uoo inees. It was apparent thus there wasi body of fourteen men determined to nialr wjpuaiiiuii iu uittvcry ill iuc iciiuuwn the United States, a test, just as the slave holders had determined to make Opposi tion to Slavery-Restriction a test; W' Julian and Palfrey, the number wocli have been sixteen. Cleveland, Bootb. Peck, King, and Wilmot are Democrat Tuck and Durkey, were originally Den ocrats. then Lihertv men : Howe was Whiff, then a. lihertv man j Crowelwi Camnhell are WhiM : and Giddines, lloot J - o p V ' .u I anrt Alln hnlnncrri In lb came nartT tia -" " - w - - the nomination of fienpral Tavlor. ' Of the fourteen, King, Wilmot, Al'c Giddincs. Root. Truck. Durkee. Hoe- eiffht in all constitute DronGrlv the Fe Soil Party in the House. 1 PerhapsI may add to this number. Booth oprague n is uouuuui. 1 r - - - J W J f - . M . . J be it himself truly a component pact of the or. ; votea a majority being impracticable. Melancholy Death. We learn from a gentleman who was in the neighborhood at the time, that Mr. John Caldwell, a citizen of Mecklenburg county, near Bea tie's Ford, was found dead in the woods near his residence on the night of the 10th ultimo. It is supposed that his death was caused by the rupture of a blood vessel. He had been an invalid with some breast complaint for years before. SPEAKER ELECTED. The House of Representatives, on the 22d. ult., elected Mr. Howell Cobb, of G a., as Speaker of that body, by a plurality of Arrest of absconding Slaves. Wefijf in tb NorfXlL- 7Tht ri SnturdaV subjoined account of the delivery ntt- place of two slaves, belonging to geBt-- men of this town, who tried to mase escape to the North by seaj Capt.Sc11 is certainly deserving of a pubstantial re ward, as well as creat nraise. for bis rc&y and judicious action under the circo3 stances: Wil. Chron. j j Eloping Slaves Detected-?J?!! morning, the Schooner .Minerva vnf f Smith, from Wilmington,, C.fbqzf IVew York, put into this port to a" . (t young colored men, slaves, who hd be r.-A nnnn.0l ; u i i,l ThrV tfe' l i! J - tr J,fotflDr uenvereu over lo an oincer; anu ri fore the Mayor for exarnibat'00-' L Smith sTated that he sailed from Wi". ton on the 25th ult. On Thursday ' ing last, the 4th inst.. beingioff Little. tiaiuur, llllJlil iv nines - - lm ucaru some one can uui , .4. . I m i .A.r Cl waier i water i inu uv: ; i . -: J tk cno betT1 creu ivo persons uiu iu "j" v- - j. the cotton bales which composed th Dn th. ,l,lr nilinr. Finding10' were slaves, he immediately P"1,?.; sci auoui anu aiccicu wi ihe tne toJ And tat boar ult-, with foci save! quitt exhi ferir and toV ed'ii that thari He belt $33 ion prot! but ledd and istU .cusi thei ! - ( i 'I iU - II lit
Carolina Watchman (Salisbury, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Jan. 3, 1850, edition 1
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