CZAR OF RUSSIA ABDI
CATES.
Revolution Blazed in Many Re
gion* of tha Empire on Same
On jr.
PMrnjfrnl, March Ifi. The emperor
nf Russia ha* abdicated ami <>rand
Duke Michael Ale «androv itch, hi*
younger brother, ha* tieen named a*
regent. Tha Russian minntry, charg
ed with corruption and IncoinpetMira,
haa been swept out of office. One
miniater Alexander Protopopoff .head
«f the Interior department I* reported
to have been killed, and the other
milliliter*, a* well si* the president of
the imperial council are under arreiit.
A new national cabinet ia announced
with Prinr* Lvoff a* president of the
council and premier, and the other of
fice* held by the men who are clone to
the Ru*«ian people.
For several 'laya Petrograd ha* been
the acene of one of the moat remark
able rising* in history. Beginning
with minor food riota and labor strikes
the cry for food reached the heart* of
the soldiers, and one hy one the regi
ment* rebelled, until finally thoie
troop* that had for a time stood loyal
to the government, took up their arm*
and marched into the rank* of the
revolutionist*.
The early period of the uprising bore
the character rather of a mock revolu
tion. Cossacks charging down the
Mtreet did no in a hulf hearted fashion,
plainly without mnlicc or intent to
harm the crowd*. The troopsexchnng
ed good natured raillery with the
workingmen and women, and ax they
rode were cheered by the populace.
Long line* of soldiers ■itationed in
dramatic attitude* a. ro- Nevsky pro
spect, with their guns pointed at an
imaginary foe, appenred to be taking
part in a tableau. Machine guni fir
ing roulade* or blank cartridge* seem
ed only to add another realistic touch
to a tremendous theatric production.
Until Sunday night thi* pageant
continued without aariou* interruption.
Then ia a flash the whole scene lo*t
its theatric quality; it became a genu
ine revolution. ,
The regiments had received an order
from the commandant to fire upon per
sons assembled in the street. This
caused immediate • dix-ension among
the troops, who did not understand
why they should be compelled to take
violent measures against fellow citi
zens, whose chief offen e wan that
they were hungry and were asking the
government to supply bread. Several
regimentx deserted and a pitched bat
tle began between the troopx who
atood with the government and those
who, refusing to obey ordei had
mutinied.
Police and Soldier* Battle.
A Ion* night l»att!c occurred be
tween the munitions .ejciment* and the
police at the end of St. Catherine canal
immediately in front of the historic
church built over the spot where Alex
ander II was killed by a bomti.
The police finally fled to roof tops
all over the city and were seen no more
in the streets during the entire term
of the fiK-htinfr
Still on Monday morning the govern
ment troops appeared to control all the
principal squares of the city. Then
came a period when it was impossible
to distinguish one side from the other.
There was no definite line between the
factions. The turning point appeared
to come about 3 o'clock in the after
noon. For two hours the opposing
reghnents passively confronted earh
other along the wide Liteiny prospect
in almost complete silence.
From time to time emissaries from
the revolutionary siue rode to the op
posing ranks and exhorted them to
join the side of the people. For a
while the result seemed to hang in'the
balance. The troops appeared irreso
lute, awaiting the commands of their
officers, who themselves were in doubt
as to what they should do.
Desultory firing continued alnng the
side streets between groups of govern
mentt roops and revolutionists, but the
regiments upon whose decision the out
come rested still confronted each other
with machine guns and rifles in readi
ness.
(Internment Regiments Join Rebels.
Suddenly, a few volleys were ex
changed; there was another period of
silent suspense, and the government
regiments finally maicp.ed over to join
the revolutionists. A f h ours after
the first clssh, this entire section of
Pstrograd, in which are locatcxl the
duma building, artillery headquarters
and the chief military barracks, pars
ed into the hands of the revolutionary
forces and the warfare awept like a
tornado to other parts of the city,
%vK#ra th« scene *>a duplicated.
At firit it MMn«l ■ miracle that th«
j revolutionist*. without pra-arranged
I plan, without leadership or organiia
I turn could in «wh a *hort tima with
• omparativc >aH achieve a romplet*
victory over tha government.
Hut tha a< plana lion lay in tha reluc
tance of tha troopa to take aiiin
again* tha peopla and their prompt
; ilaaartion to tha rank* of thou# who op
: poind tha government.
Tha w'mim in the *treat* wen by
thie time remarkable. The wid<
thoroughfare* whara the troop* wart
, stationed wara completely ile*artad by
i ivilian* exrept for a few daring indi
, vidual* who, creeping alonir walla and
ducking into court yard*. sped from
una aide to the other. Rut tha *idc
*treatn ware chokad with people,
I'lroupii <l{ student* fell into *t«f
with rough unit* of rebel soldier* anil
wera Joined by othar heterogeneous
element* unitad by a rauae greater
than partisian difference*. Unkempt
workingmen, with ragged *heap*kin
'•oat* *trode *ida by aula with wall
groomed city dark* and shop keeper*.
Thi* strange army of people, mus
tered on the street corner*, shouldered
their nawly acquired rifle- and march
ed out to join tha rank* of the desert
ing regiment*.
Laat Meeting of Mini*try.
At nightfall only one *mall district
containing the war office, the admiral
ty building, St. Isaac's Cathedral and
the military hotel, atill resisted the
onslaught of the revolutionary forca*
nnd the battle for the possession of
Petrograd came to a dramatic con
clusion. In the admi.alty building
the council of miniHter* aecratly as
sembled for a conference and the la*t
regiment* loyal to the old government
were drawn up a* a guard.
While the council *at in the la*t
meeting that they were destined to
hold, the building wa* surrounded and
the besieger* poured rifle and machine
gun fire upon the defendon. for a
few hour* the fiercest battle of the
day continued; tha meet* ware awept
by s (teady fusillade and the crowds
scattered for the nearest shelter, some
of the people being compelled to spend
the night in court yard* or corridors
of office buildings or wherever they
first found refuge.
Toward morning thure was a sudden
lull, broken by exultant shouts, which
deepened into a roar-and was suceeded
by the Russian revolutionary Marseil
laise. The regiment* defending i.ne
admiralty hail surrendered and gone
over to the side of the revolutionists.
The ministers in the admiralty build
ing were then arrested and the Russian
national colors were replaced by the
led flag of the revolutionists.
Although sporadic fighting con
tinued between small groups until
Wednesday, the "cause of the people"
had triumphed.
NAVAL COMMANDANTS
ARE TO ENLIST WOMEN.
They Will. Be Used in Naval
Service in Connection With
Coast Defense Work.
Washington, March 20.—Secretary
Daniel* today ordered naval com
mandants at shore stations and at all
recruiting office* to be prepared to
enlist women in the actual naval ser
vice in case of an emergency.
The judge advocate general has
ruled that women can be enlisted un
der the laws regulating recruiting.
While it is not intended to plnce
women aboard ships, they may be
utilized for shore duty in connection
with coast defense work.
tirades corresponding to the "Yeo
man class" will be given to those
qualifying as stenographers, clerks,
typists, or similar positions. Train
ing in camps, a number of which have
been organized under the auspices of
the navy league also will be recogniz
ed by navy officials as a factor in
choosing the women recruits. An
othergrade of work for which they
may he deleguted is radio telegraphy.
Difficulty of obtaining men steno
graphers and clerk* for the navy from
among the regular unlisted personnel
caused the question of women's em
ployment to lie taken up. By filling
the positions on shore with women,
the department expects in times of
emergency to relieve the men for fleet
and sen duty.
How to Prevent Croup.
When the child is sub'e.'t to attacks
of croup, see to it thut lie eats a light
evening meal, as an iverlcaded stom
ach may bring on an nttrrl . also watch
for the first symptom- hoarseness,
and give Chamberlain's Cough Kcmrslv
as soon as .the child become* hoarse.
Obtainable overywhei".
BUILD SIXTY SUBMARINE
CHASERS IN SIXTY DAYS.
All Engines Will B« Bought
From Private Maker*, Aa
Mmblt Volunteer*.
Washington, March 10.—Prepara
tion for aggreaiive action by the navy
against the German submarine menace
j began today at tha direction of Presi
dent Wilaon.
The President authorized the expen
diture of the $1 IB,000,1 00 emergency
fund provided by f'ongrexa to a peed up
naval construction and pay for special
additional war craft, and the suapen
sion of the eight hour lal>or law In
plant < engaged on navy work.
Immediately afterward Secretary of
the Navy Daniela ordered the New
York navy yard to begin building M
submarine chaaera of tha 110 foot type
to he completed in from 80 to SO day*.
With the President'* approval, the
secretary alao ordered the graduation
of the firat and second clan tea at the
Naval academy. The firat class will
go out on March 2», releaaing 172
junior offirera to fill exiating vacan
cies and the second in September,
furniahing 202 mora a full year before
they-otherwise would he available.
hngines for the "chaaera" to he
turned out by the New York plant will
be bought from private manufacturer*
in time to have them initialled prompt
ly upon completion of the hulla. Bid*
for 200 or more udditiona! craft of the
same type "const patml boat*" aa they
are to be designated, will be opened
next week.
A large number hf privately owned
motor craft available lor navy uae may
be drawn upon nt tiny time. Retired
navy officers have been at work along
the entire Atlantic coaat surveying
boats for a month, and a telegraphic
order will make them government pro
perty overnight.
Navy official* estimate that within
four month* a - fleet of 2,000 patrol*
ai 1 chaaera will be ready for action.
It ia planned to hhiMi tha aalun •
teer* within a few day* to begin actual
operations a* a matter of training,
pending order* from the Preaident for
complete mobilization of the navy. In
this connection officials say it i* plan
ned to establish a submarine-proof
patrol off the American coast, insuring
safe passage to and from American
ports for all ships.
Informal negotiation* will lie started
I for a working agreement with the
; British and Krenrh patrol squadrons
j now endeavoring to protect ships pnv-i
i ing through the German submarine
! zone tt i* planned to »naUe Atnerican
waters «»fe against submarines for all
?hi;>« with the understanding that
\mt-rican ships will receive full pro
, tection in the zones from patrols of the
allies. The plan would necessitate the
interchange of info(mation as to the
routing of merohant craft to and fro
aero the Atlantic.
Secretary Daniels would not discuss
the n?es to Ik' made of the new patrol
boats.
Reccnt navy contracts were let with
the understanding that the eight hour
law would he suspended because of the
shortage of skilled labor. Builders
have agreed to construction of the five
l>attle cruisers and six scout cruisers
recently assigned to them at the great
est possible speed, employing at least
70 per cent of all their men on this
work. The department will meet ex
I tra pay roll and other expenses due to
the speeding up, pay time and a half
for all work in excess of eight hours.
Under this agreement it is hoped to
ompleto the battle cruisers in three
years and scout cruisers in less than
two. Secretary Daniels said there was
no present need of exercising the au
thority to commandeer shipbuilding or
other plants to hasten .iavy building.
The enlisted personnel of the navy
is being recruited rapidly at present,
a total of 60.1500 men l>eing reported
today. Congress has authorized a to
tal strength of 74,000 and given the
President authority to increase that to
H7.000 in emergency. That power will
' not be exercised, however, until a
| stcength of 70;000 has 1>een reached.
British Spending $30,000,000
A Day.
London. March 19,—Replying to a
question in the House of Commons
today, Andrew Hanor Law, chancellor
of exchequer, said the daily average
of expenditure of the British govern
ment from April 1, 1916 to March SI
1917, would work out at (1,000,000
pound*.
He Would R«.
"The n.an I marry." said she with
A tamp, "must be a hem!" "He will
K" remarked the cautious bachelor.
UNRESTRICTED U-BOAT
CAMPAIGN HAS FAILED.
Review of Sis WmIu Campaign
Placed in PotMaaion of
Aaaociated Pre»».
London, Mun> 14.—Tha Associated
Pr«»« Han Imn placed in possession of
a review of the first nix weoks of th*
German unrestricted submarine r»m
paign. The figure* given arc from
h« board of trade reruns. and the con
clusions ara those of a highly i pa
tent authority.
"The (lermito submarine campaign,
reported to hava a»um«i enhanced
vigor on February 1, muat be singular
ly disappointing to the Germans them
xelves," nayn tha review. "At tha be
ginning of January, 1U17, Great Brit
ain poaaeaaed approximately 3,-171 ves
sels of I ,000 ton* and over. Many
others of leaner tonnage are not taken
into consideration, owing to tha im
portance of restricting the queation to
overseas traffic and cargo, judging
tha results carefully and looking to
possible future developments.
"From February I until March 14
tha losses of British xhip > of over 1,
000 tons were approximately 7H, which
number deducted from the total leavus
the British mercantile marine with
3,6GO ship* of over ! ,H00 ton* after aix
weeka of fiarman submarine warfare.
"It should be remembered that a
very large proportion of tonnage is on
the stork* building for the British
mercantile marine, and a fair percent
age of the total is being turned out
monthly. In the above mentioned no
account is taken of ships completed or
bought in neutral countries.
"During the period from February 1
to March 10 no British ships Hava been
in any way blockaded In harbor. Every
opportunity of carrying out their plana
has been at the deposition of the Ger
mans afldr their declaration of unre
stricted submarine warfare. It is ex
tremely improbable that the German
authorities will ever have the same op
"First—A large number of old
tramp steamer*, slow of speed, have
befn sunk, ax they afforded ea*y prey.
"Second—Their effort* would be di
rected for the first nix week* or two
month* toward* producing; ihc mint
considerable result* by careful organi
I zalmn and administration, with a view
to affecting the morale of neutral na
tion*. A carefbl study of the German
method* has been made by the British
natal authorities, ami anti-submarine
measure* have been adopted, which, as
the outcome of experience have attain
■. I'd » large measure of success.
"Third-The arming of merchant
vessels is rapidly taking place and it
in capable of proof that a submarine
take* particular care in attacking
nrm<*l vessels, a large percentage of
which always escape.
"Fourth — Anti-submarine device*
are bein^ daily perfected, but a little
i time must necessarily elapse in order
that they should receive a proper trial.
"Fifth—The German naval authori
se.- are bound to find some difficulty
in replacing the trained personnel, of
j which they have lost a considerable
portion. It should be remembered
that there is considerable difference
between the efficiency of individual
commanders, and the greatest losses
have been incurred through the action
of a few German submarine command
ers, who by their skill and training
stand far above the average U-boat
officers who leave Germany on mis
sions of destruction.
"The losses of the British mercantile
marine are being steadily reduced.
During the past two weeks • only 29
have been sunk, as opposed to 48 sunk
in the first two wecits. Thi vessels
engaged in the coastal trade are con
tinually exposed to German submarine
and are naturally included in a German
commander's reports.
"The most serious aspect of the Ger
mnn submarine warfare i* that reflect
ed by consideration of post-bellum con
ditions with regard to shortage of
world tonnage. Besides affecting the
whole world, it is likely to affect most
seriously the smaller nations who have
no mercantile marine of their own to
rely upon and are dependent upon that
of other nations for their sea traffic.
However much the Germans may
desire to force neutrals to lay op their
vessels and close neutral harbors, such
a slate of things cannot exist long be
muse the neutrals themselves must ob
tain certain necessaries in order to
avoid the intense economic situation
which at present obtains* in Germany.
The fact to-ntvev arily better known
known to the reutrala themselroa than
to those not irr.m diatoly concorned.
"As r« g!»r-f.. th( *v .eta! situation of
the submarine v .-trfi.re, it may thus be
| lummed up: It la b.init • mora ■«"*
<>ua affoct upon European neutral*
than upon belligerent mcrchantlle
marina. Tha cwitln.al loaaaa of ship*
will seriously affect post-t>elluir trade.
Tha loaaaa of British mercantile
nail in tha firat ill woeka represent a
percentage of wfille tha average
laily movement of veaaels in United
Kingdom port/, ia 710. This figure ex
cepta fishing and local craft.
"If tha uma rate of destruction
were to continue at thla average it
would take at laaat a yaar to reduce
tha British mercantile marina by ona
j half, without taking into conaideratlon
additional tonnag* procured from
building or purrhaae.
"Food restriction* in Graat Britain
I ara very neceaaary and have tx-an ira
' poaed in order to av*i*i the effecta of
II he war preaaing too hardly upon the
poorer clasaea of the country, und they
further curtail laviah expenditurea and
the wBNte of proviaiona.
"It ia the custom of the German au
thorities to iaaue official criticism* of
meaaurea adopted by tha alliea aa re
gard* the control of foodstuffa and re
strirtiona on import*, and thane eriti
ciama are produced entirely for tha
consumption of neutrals and are a:.
attempt to impreaa their own popula
I tion with the efficiency of what they
tarm their 'submarine blockade.'
"It ia only to he expected that we
| are hound to take precaution* in order
to avoid within the next two yaara eco
| nomic stress which might then exist
here, a* It actually doe* in Germany
today. The passage of troop* and
munition* continue* without any dim
inution and only the neutral countries
of Holland, Denmark and £* n in
experiencing a temporary reduction in
the amount of exporta from England.
Apart from butter, the import of food
stuffs in Febuary ha* been very satia
factory and it ahould not be forgotten
that in the statiatica ahowing the
quality of foodatuffs imported in the I
month at February to British port a
considerable quantity which would nor
mally reach thym has been diverted to
French ports for the use of the British
army.
"Despite this, however, the position •
regarding home imports themselves •- ■
satisfactory. Flour and grain fur j
February are above the average.
Meat show* from 10 to IS per cent in-j
crease above the average of the last'
•even years. Margarine i* coming in
greater quantities than in any previous
year, and this provides for the falling
off in butter. Rubber is increasing
dowly each month, and the February
average was above that of Januar>.
I Iron ore shows one-third inciea.-e over
1915 and 101H.
"If any conclusion can be drawn
from the board of trade statistics on
the import of necessities into Great
' Britain during the month of February
u very different result would have to
be shown by the German submarine
blockade, for up to the present time
there has been no falling off except in
sugar, wood and butter."
Lawyer's Murderer Breaks
County Jail.
Birmingham, Ala., March 20.—Da
vid D. Overton, former court clerk of
Madison county, under death sentence
for the murder of Probate Judge Wil
liam T. Lawler in Huntiville, Ala., on
Jane 16, 1916, with six other prison
er*, two under death sentence, today
early overpowered Lin Lavender, in
side warden of the Jefferson county
jail, here and escaped in an auto. The
escape was made at 7.65 o'clock, and
the alarm given out about ten minutes
later. A motor car with deputies fol-1
lowed the Truasville rood out of Bir
mingham.
The men who escaped with Over*
ton are:
Tom Manila and Sam Massina, un-'
der death sentence for the killing of
a peddler in Jefferson county, and
four other prisoners under indictment
for murder.
Warden Lavender say* the men
overpowered him with revolver*, took
lli* key* and locked him in a kitchen. |
They left the jail from a side door1
leading to an alley, he sayf, and he1
was unable to make an outcry until (
the men had made good their escape. ;
The fugitive*, according to the war
den, dashed down the alley until they
reached Kourtli avenue and Twenty- !
fifth street, where an au'.omobile was
waiting for them,
Officials at the Jail declare the **- j
cape was craftily plAni<«>. Farh fugi
tive, Warden lavender assert*, pos
sessed a revolver. The men. It was
said, had been given more or less lib- (
erty In the rorrldm. of the jail, ami
were looked jpon practically as Irus-!
ties.
HOME DEMONSTRATION
WORK.
The Poultry Club.
There hava Imn very few Poultry
club memlxtm in our founty hrrrtafon
hut the InUrrMt In thia work ta increas
ing ami we expert to hava a number of
buy* anil girl* to do good mrk with
poultry thia year. There ere .•(■verml
advantage* in beUmring tu this club,
and mm and woman may Join a* wall
a* l»oy. and gtrt*. Tha li.-ftru<ftU»*a
for raining poultry are got tan up by
govarnmant ax parti, thara i* an ex
perienced poultryman, Mr. A. 0. Oliver
at the haad of the N. C. Poultry eluba
and he viaits countiea carrying on Ulii
work, giving lecture* illustrated with
lantern *lide*. He al*o hclpa club
member* aelect their beat bird* fot
exhibit. Then another advantage to
club member* ia the privilege of com
peting at both county and State fair*
for good prize*.
Write your county Agent for name*
of poultry men from whom club mem
tiero may buy pure bred egg* at 11,00
per netting.
Club Meeting.
^The Home Demonstration Club met
with Mr*, (ieorge Niched* at White
Plain* Saturday afternoon. There
wax good at'endanc.e and much int«re*t
shown in the fircle** cooker and yea*t
bread demonstration* given by the
County Agent, in Mr*. Nichol* up-to
date kitrhen.
HATCH CHICKENS NOW.
The poultry man make* his greatest
profit from the chickens which are
hatched before May 1. The early
hatched cockerel* are sold as broilers
when the broiler market in at its best.
The flood of late hatched broilers
brings prices down and congests the
market. The greater returns received
from early hatched broilers go far to
ward defraying the coat of raining the
pullets. These pullets In turn begin
laying when eggs are bringing the
highest prices and when there is the
greatest shortage of strictly fresh
eggs.
Still more important, early hatched
chickens grow more j<«pidly than those
hutched lute in the season and are
much lest likely to become sick. The
lute hatched chicken* always are the
firHt to catch cold and spread disease
thro ghout the flock. Cbickem hatch
ed late in the year will n"t mature be
fore cold weather arid usually will not
lay until well into the winter, or even
toward spring. This means that they
will have to i>e ;eu and <*arried over
for several months at a constant ex
pense, with no return, and this at a
time when feed is at Its highest.
The early hatches pullets can be
developed to a large extent on range,
and a saving in grain feed is possible
in this way.
The highest producing pullets are
those wnich begin laying early. To
get into the 200-egg class a pullet
must lay HO or more eggs before
Mairh 1. In order to do this, pullets
must be hatched before May 1, *> that
they will begin laying by the 1st of
November. In the section of the
country North of the Ohio River it is
advisable to begin hatching not later
than March 1 and to continue hatch
ing at intervals through March and
April, so that pullets of different ages
will be coming on, and the broilers will
not all be ready for market at the
same time.
The American breeds (Plymouth
Rocks, Wyandotts, Rhode Island Reds,
etc), should be hatched earlier than
the Mediteranean breeds, such as the
Leghorns, Minorcas, etc., because they
take about one month longer to
mature. Pullets of the American
breeds will begin laying at about 7
months of age, and those of the Medi
terranean breeds at about 6 months.
It Is often difficult to get enough
broody hens to set the eggs early.
This may be partly overcome by set
ting the earliest eggs in an incubator
and putting those eggs under hens a
few days before they are ready to
hatch. A hen usually ean brood from
one and one-haJf to two times as many
rhicken* as she will hatch, so that ad
ditional chickens hatched in the incu
bators can also b* given to hens which
are hatching eggs at the same time.
Early hatching will produce more
egg* In the fall and winter, while a
larger portion of hens will get broody
early In the spring, thus completing
the necessary flrele for early fall egg
production.
Early hatched chickens are by far
the most profitable in every