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JTVWi* . liilmitigton &tar North Carolina's Oldest Dally Newapapar Published Daily Except Sunday By The Wilmington Star-News R. B. Page. Owner and Publisher Entered as Second Class Matter at Wilming ton. N. C. Postofftce Under Act ot Congress M March 3, 1879. SUBSCRIPTION RATES BY CARRIER IN NEW HANOVER COUNTY Payable Weekly or In Advance Combi Time Star News nation iwtek _» JO » .25 6 50 1 Month- 1J0 110 J-15 3 Months 3.90 3.25 5J0 B Months _ 7.80 6.50 13.00 l Yew ......_ 15.80 11.00 28.00 (Above rates entitle subscriber to Sunday issue of Star-News)__ By Mail: Payable Strictly In Advance 1 Months .3 2.50 « 2.00 » 3.85 6 Months . 5.00 4.00 7.70 j year . 10.00 8.00 15.40 (Above rates entitle subscriber to Sunday issue of Star-News)_ WILMINGTON STAR (Daily Without Sunday) 3 Months-31.85 6 Months-$3.70 1 Yr.-$7.4C When remitting by mail please use check or U. S. P. O. money order. The Star News can not be responsible for currency sent through the malls. MEMBER OP THE ASSOCIATED PRESS AND ALSO SERVED BY THE UNITED PRESS With confidence in onr armed forces—with the on bounding determination of onr people— we will gain the Inevitable triumph—so help ns God. Roosevelt's War Message. MONDAY, APRIL 2, 1945 THOUGHT FOR TODAY The Christian faith shows Itself complete ly sound when It insists on no harbored resentments. —STANLEY JONES. -V We’ll Need The Islands Robert Sherwood, besides being a playwright of parts, got into some kind of a ruckus when he was head of OWI’s foreign office, and is just back from a 37,000-mile tour with the United States Fleet as a temporary assistant to the Secretary of Navy, has come out un equivocally for retention of our Pacific bases as a safeguard of future security. "I hope and pray we will hold on to the islands we paid such a tremendous price to win,” he declared in Washington upon his return from the Far East. We join him in his hope and prayer. If we fail to exercise a dominating influence in the Pacific after the war we will have fought and conquered the Japanese largely in vain, for whatever punishment is meted out to them it is not to be believed their military caste will undergo a change of heart quickly, but will be kept down only by the presence of a superior power in the region of the world they have visioned as their own. There is no more reason to assume that the Japanese war-makers will give up thought of new conquests than that the German Army element will not do all it can to make war again at some future time. The Japanese as well as the German mili tarists are completely war-minded and must be cowed into peace. They cannot be con verted to it. Nor can all of them be destroy ed in this war, any more than the militarists of Germany can all be eliminated in the battle now under way, however thorough the Allied occupying forces may do their work with that in view. The Pacific, and the world, must be safe guarded against another outbreak of war by the Japanese. The islands on which we have established major bases therefore are an in tegral part in any peace program we adopt for the years to come. There is no thought of imperialism or em pire in this. It is only an essential step for the preservation of peace in a region where the waging of war has been taught and the thought of conquest cultivated as sedulously as in Germany. _v_ Unconditional Surrender -“Pure eyewash” was the way Robert Mur phy, our political adviser on German affairs at General Eisenhower’s headquarters, describ ed criticism of the Allies’ unconditional sur render policy. And the enemy’s attitude seems to justify Mr. Murphy’s brief description. As long as the Nazis rule Germany any compromise surrender would leave the core oi Nazism intact. The poison would still be there, and with it the seeds of another war. Ever in the event of a revolutionary overthrow 01 Hitler, the same policy would certainly be necessary. And if such a revolution were genu ine, it probably would not be difficult of ful fillment. Hitler and his circle have little hope anc probably little desire for a compromise sur render. Their vain but persistent hope is foi a breakdown of the alliance between the Unit ed States, Britain and Russia. In that, anc not in conditional terms, would be their bes hope of survival. As Mr. Murphy pointed out, the German: “are now witnessing the thing they under stand best—superior force of arms.” Anythini less than the full harvest of the whirlwinc they have sown might leave them unconvinc ed. and a remaining danger to world peace. -V Duisburg « __ The importance of Duisburg as a militar; objective is to be found in the fact that i ranks high as a German port and productio: center, and also served as gateway to th Ruhr industrial region. The National Geographic Society points or that Duisburg is situated on the Rhine at it junction with the Ruhr river, about 23 mile upstream from the Netherlands border, th city had developed its water site before th present war into one of the world’s greatgi river ports. It normally moved 22 million tons of freight a year,- funneling iron and steel products pouring from the furnaces, forges, and factories of the Ruhr region. Combined in 1905 with next-door Ruhrort, Duisburg became a city of 450,000. The neigh boring communities of Hamborn and Meide rich, also included in its metropolitan area, helped to swell the population figure. Duisburg sprawls along the Rhine for 20 miles, and had five bridges for bank-to-bank transit. River traffic was normally heavy. Fleets of tugboats towed strings of barges loaded with coal up the Rhine to southern Germany and downstream to Netherlands ports. Up and down the smaller Ruhr river hundreds of light craft moved coal, iron ore, grain, lumber, and factory wares. The city has made heavy contributions to Germany’s war activities from its chemical works, steel mills, copper and zinc smelters, engineering works, and shipyards. -V Prisoner Rations Not in this country alone is there complaint of the U. S. Army rations issued to German prisoners of war. It is heard in the House of Commons, where many members are reported to be criticizing the quantity of American ra tions given German prisoners in France in contrast to the border-line starvation diets among the liberated nations. We have noted in these columns with com mendation the order from the War Depart ment to put German prisoners in this country on short rations in all foodstuffs that have grown scarce for the civilian population. It would be well if the same order were made effective for prisoners in France and other re gions of Europe too. V/ith civilian populations across the Atlantic going hungry, or at least under-nourished, there is no reason why enemy prisoners should en joy heavy meals and in effect live off the fat of our land, for the bulk of all rations issued the Army come from the United States. Surely there is no justification for keeping the people of countries we have helped to lib erate from the yoke of the German military on skinny allowances of food while we feed the men who helped enslave them well, now IViAtr Vieira Kaon ran+iiroH -v More About Argentina The action of the military government of Argentina in declaring war on Germany and Japan appears to have everybody guessing except the heads of the governments which will welcome that nation back into fellowship and accord it a place at the San Francisco security conference later this month. It is pointed out, soundly enough on prece dent, that the present trend among Allied nations is to recognize doubtful regimes, as in the case of Russia’s recognition of the Ba doglio government in Italy, and leave to the future the task of straightening them out in conformity with plans for a new world. In the same pattern is the Yalta decision on Poland. Nevertheless it is obvious that the clique of military officers in control at Buenos Aires has been and is “an implacable ideological opponent of democracy both in Argentina and in the world at large,” as one keen observer puts it. Perhaps there is no better evidence of the attitude of many Argentinians toward the pres ent regime than is expressed in a telegram addressed to the president of the recent Inter American Conference at Mexico City. That the writers are political outcasts who have found refuge in Montevideo, seems to add strength to their document rather than weaken it. The message was written on February 26, and says: “We who sign this telegram, Argentineans in Montevideo exiled for political reasons, in ratification of the document given to the press yesterday, feel it a duty to approach this Hon orable Assembly to bring forward formally a fact which it may interest all to know. For reasons which are world knowledge, the Ar gentine Government has not been represented at the Inter-American Conference on Problems of War and Peace, in Mexico, but this circum stance does not necessarily mean that the people of Argentina should be considered as excluded from the American community or as indifferent to the vital questions which are to be discussed at the Conference. “In spite of all that has happened these last years to interrupt normal relations between some peoples of the Americas, the great ma jority of Argentineans feel and know that a close sense of solidarity and co-operation is absolutely indispensable to assure the peace and the future of the American continent. Never more than now in the thoughts of Ar gentineans have those forces been present with which San Martin and Bolivar strove to bring liberty and to establish a friendly understand ing between the American nations. If doubt has been cast upon these feelings, or, out ‘ side of Argentina, their existence has beer ' denied, it is because the opinion of Argentin eans could not be expressed these last years ' nor was it possible to speak freely because oi the state of siege which has already lasted ■ more then four years. * “Under the military regime, all political parties have been dissolved. Labor unions have been placed under official control. Liberty of the press has been completely annulled, and the large dailies have been compelled tc conform to the regime’s propaganda. Every r expression of public opinion has been proscnb t ed. The schools, colleges, and universities 1 have been submitted to the- teaching of ai ; exclusive and bellicose nationalism. Instruc tion in Roman Catholicism has been mad« t compulsory in the schools. Sluice gates hav« s been opened to a sentiment of xenopbobis s which has vented itself chiefly against English e North Americans, and Jews, e “The Argentine people understand that ths it defense of the American continent against the infiltration of absolutist, Nazi, and fascist dogmas can only be achieved by the close union of all the American nations, by the co ordinated collaboration of all their forces, by the sincere practice of democracy, and by forgetting rather than repeating past errors. “To arrive at a continental unity of pro found significance and permanent gravitation, it is essential to band together the individual countries in a regime of genuine liberty and democracy. The penalty for offenses against this regime should be loss of sovereign rights. In the parallel lives of Washington, Bolivar, and San Martin we ought to seek the direc tion and the destiny of America. In this way we shall run no risk of exposing that destiny to betrayal. “Since these are the Americanist and demo cratic sentiments which animate the Argen tine people, this people cannot and should not be considered as excluded from the American community.” -V— Today And Tomorrow International Voting By WALTER LIPPMANN The arguments about who is to vote and how the votes are to be counted has now spread from the security council to the gen eral assembly. It is beginning to resemble the row between the two old boys on the park bench which broke out because the one said he would buy a yacht and the other said damned nonsense, he would buy a brewery, if he found a million dollars lying loose in the street. The argument aboute voting would in fact be important if among the nations great and binding decisions could be made that way. In an international society of sov ereign states there can be no such thing as majority rule on the issue of war and peace. The action of sovereign states has to be by voluntary agreement in which the nations called upon to act are unanimous. « * * This is plain enough when we consider the criticism made by or on behalf of the smaller powers. There is a complaint that a great power may not only veto international action against itself but that another great power, not a party to the dispute, may also veto international action. It is an astonishing complaint. For how can any one have sup posed that the United States or Great Britain would let a majority composed of seven or eight small nations vote them into a great war, say with China or with the Soviet Union. What makes the complaint altogether absurb is that it is being voiced by men who do not wish to give the President the power to engage the armed forces of the United States, yet somehow or other they wish to give seven other governments the power to do it. There is another complaint, a much more real one, made by the so-called middle powers, Canada, Australia, the Netherlands, Belgium, Brazil and Mexico. It is that, as outlined at Dumbarton Oaks, it would seem as if they could be committed to fight by the five great powers, plus two smaller ones which happened to be temporary members of the council. Now these middle powers have almost all of them done real fighting in this war, quite as much in proportion to their resources and man power as any one else. They know that if there is going to be another great conflict they will surely be in the thick of it as full combatants. So they are asking quite rightly if a majority made up of other governments is to have the power to order their sons into battle. * • • The inevitable answer to this question is no: only the Canadian government can order Cana dian troops into battle just as only the United States government can order American troops. It does not matter what is the voting pro cedure, who is supposed to be a permanent or a temporary member, or who in fact hap pens to be on the security council: if a de cision is to be made which requires Canadian troops to carry it out, only the voluntary con sent of the Canadian government can make that decision effective. Even if a treaty were drafted under which governments agreed to auiae oy majority nuc in matters ur tms sort, the agreement would be worthless. Men just will not risk their lives in a cause which their own government has disapproved. That is why in serious matters there can be no such thing among nations as voting and be ing outvoted. • # * For this reason the best voting system would have been to have no voting system, and thus to have recognized clearly at the outset, that except on procedural questions and issues that do not involve force or vital interest, the idea of majority rule is an illusion. * * * It rests on a deeper illusion, which the authors of the American Constitution exposed clearly, namely that in a league of sovereign states, the strong members can coerce one another. Here, unfortunately, we are repeat ing and not correcting the error of the Geneva league, at least as the general public has been taught to understand Dumbarton Oaks. For it is generally believed that we are forming an organization in \vhich all the members watch each other, and stand ready to band together to coerce one another. But it will be as true at San Francisco in 1945 as it was in Philadelphia in 1787 when George Mason of Virginia said it, that “punishment could not in the nature of things be executed on the states collectively,” or when Hamilton said that “a failure of compliance will never be confined to a single state,” and would mean, therefore, not a police action but a general war. * * * The Dumbarton Daks plan, rightly under stood, is not another version of a league to en force peace. It is a proposal, immense in its promise, to preserve in time of peace the unity of the United Nations which has been achieved in war. It would create institutions by means of which the war-time alliance can gradually be transformed into a confederation, and so be perpetuated. In fact, the world or ganization will become, if it evolves in accord ance with its inner principles, a confederation of regional confederations, of which the inter American security system Will be another. In a confederation, since it is not a state, voting can never be decisive. What matters is the continuity of consultation through regular and acceded organs of conference and through good and direct channels of communication. Thus the heart of the thing is not the technique of enforcing the peace, which will have to be worked out in specific conventions, nor voting, which can never be important, but the agree ment to consult in order to agree. That is the principle which it is the business of San Fran cisco to embody in a charter. Copyright, 1945, New York Tribune Inc. ” “SITUATION IN A NUT SHELL” « Your War-With Ernie Pyle IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC.— (Delayed)—The pilot of our car rier who shot down the first Jap plane of our trip was Ensign Frank Troup, of Decatur, Ala. It was a reconnaissance plane, and he got it the day before we got to Tokyo waters. It was his fifth, and made him an ace. Thoup said the only reason he got it was that he hap pened to be closer than his wing mates when they spotted it. The boys who fly the patrols say that when they spot a single Jap plane, everybody in the patrol opens wide open, and it’s just like a horse race tc see who gets with in shooting distance first. This time it was Troup. Next in line to Troup was En sign Bob Hinkle, of (146 Santa Ana, St.) Long Beach, Calif. That was the third time they’d been together when Troup got a plane. It had almost got to be a joke. Hickle had gradually worked into the same category as “always a bridesmaid, but never a bridq.” Hickle joked, “Now that Trijup has* got five, he’ll have to start helping me get some.” And the very next morning Hickle came back glowing. He had got his first plane. Yes, Troup was with him, but Hickle got it all by himself, without any help. I asked Hickle how it felt, and he said that he was so anxious to get him that he almost ran into the pieces when the Jap turn ed over in the air and exploded. * * * Some other of my friends among the pilots— Lieut. Pleas Greenlee, of Shelby ville, Ind. He’s the executive of ficer of the fighter squadron. He’s rather short, pleasant-faced,'sucks at a pipe and always wears house, slippers around the ship. He has one Jap plane to his credit. Before I knew his first name or where he was from, I asked him if he was any relation to Pleas Greenlee, a prominent Hoo sier whom I’d met several times in Indiana. “Yes,” said the fighter _ pilot, “he’s my father!” Young Greenlee is an Annapolis graduate. His wife and baby girl are in Shelbyville. He has color photos of them all over his cabin. He is spending his spare time right now making a “pig-bank” out of a cocoanut for his little daughter. • * * Ensign Herbert Gidney, Jr., of (623 Devonshire St.) Pittsburgh, is a torpedo-bomber pilot who was making his first combat strike when he flew over Tokyo. He said he was so engrossed with doing everything just right that he wasn’t scared at all. Gidney is a big fellow. He went to Lehigh University, and you’d swear he’d have to be a football player. But no, his great love is skiing. He used to take trips way up into New England just to ski. He even walks as though he were on skis! Gidney has a system of letter writing I’ve never seen before. He figures the only way to get letters is to write letters. So he writes 16 letters a week. Exactly 16. He has a list of people, made out on a big sheet of paper like a scoreboard, and checks each one off as he finishes the letter. * * • Lieut. Howard Skidmore, an other torpedo bomber pilot, is from Villa Grave, 111. When he told me that I said, “Why, that’s where my mother was born.” And then I got to thinking no, she was born at Carmargo, a few miles south. And now I’m not sure. At any rate Lieutenant Skid more has lots of relatives around my hometown of Dana, Ind.,and has been over there lots of times to see them. Lieutenant Skidmore had a unique experience on this trip. Last fall he was sitting in his plane with the engine running, just ready to start his takeoff. And at that moment a Jap bomb hit the deck, less than a dozen feet in front of Skidmore’s plane. It killed several men and tore a big hole in the deck. Yet Skidmore wasn’t scratched, and the close explosion didn’t even deafen him or give him a head ache. Maybe that's the result of coming from a good hometown. The Literary Guidepost By W. G. ROGERS ~ “Painting and Painters: How T< Look At a Picture: From Giot to To Chagall,” by Lionello Ven turi (Scribner’s; $3.50). Venturi, whose reputation in th< art world is art-worldwide ant even spills over the edges, is i bold critic, or he wouldn’t tr; what he does in this book. He tell: us how to look not only at th< pictures most people like but alst at the ones about which man; people would want to ask first not how to look at it, but why lool at it at all. Da Vinci, Raphael, Giorgioni Titian, Corot, Constable, Renoi: . . . almost everyone accepts them But Giotto and Masaccio who ari less popular or at least les: known, and Roualt, Van Gogh Picasso, Marin and Chagall be long to that brood of artists whosi shapes, colors and perspective vi oNte emphatically what is com monly supposed to be “natural’ or “real.” These and many others are il lustrated and their particular unique character analyzed. Th( critic seems to me most astute ii his study of Cezanne. But in th( entire field of the moderns, wh< are such a worry to laymen, h< helpfully interprets the artist’s purpose and asseses his achieve • men! “The pleasure of recogniz ■ ing some king or queen or prin cess on a shopping tour,” he em : phasizes, “is a pleasure which i bears no relation to what one l should feel in looking at a paint " ing.” i I hope this book will be read by i all people who miss the joy in art i unless the picture in question rep ■ resents a familiar, remembered, so-called beauty. Art can be great : even when it is not recognizable as a wood, street or person, just as music can be great without ' imitating the sounds of forest, barnyard or city. s The latter parts of the book de i serve enthusiastic recommenda , tion As to the start, however, ■ many critics would quarrel about ! the interpretation of Giotto, or the - development of European painting. Some readers might want more 1 of the brilliant phrases which Venturi can turn out, even at the ■ expense of Venturi the dogged de bater. At times he’s a little ele : mentary, at times a little obscure, i And he evidently can’t decide, in : Botticelli’s "Spring,” which fig > ure is Spring and which is Flora ,. , he’s right the first time. Yank Who Covered Bomb With BodyAivardedMedal WASHINGTON, April 1. —(A*)— A 24-year-old infantryman who threw himself on an exploding Ger man hand grenade to save the lives of three comrades has been awarded the Congressional MeSal of Honor. The latest hero to gain the Na tion’s highest honor roll, the War Department said today, is T-5 Ro bert D. Maxwell of Larimer coun ty, Colorado, who escaped death from the grenade burst but was permanently injured. He now is at Baxter General hospital, Spo kane, Wash. Maxwell, a communication pla toon lineman, and the three other linemen were defending a battalion observation post in a house near Besancon, France, last September 7 when the Germans launched a heavy attack. The four were jammed into a small courtyard. A low wall pro tected them against machinegun fire but the Germans worked their way to within 10 yards of them and began hurling grenades. Chicken wire atop the wall caught the mis siles and they exploded outside the courtyard. Finally, however, the Germans got one over the wire. It hit thfe cement floor, T-4 Cyril F. McColl of Pittsburgh, one of Maxwell’s companies, recalled: ‘‘I was sure we were goners. The hand grenade came over in a high lob and landed right in the middle of us. During that split second while we were lying there sweating, Maxwell jumped from his- position at the wall and landed on top of the grenade. He had no more than covered it when it ex ploded, and by some stroke 'of luck he wasn’t killed.” Maxwell previously had won the Silver Star for gallantry and the Purple Heart on January 30, 1944, in Italy when he was wounded re pairing communications wire un der extremely heavy shellfire. Plans for presentation of the medal are not complete. -V REFUSE DUMPERS FINED AUSTIN, Tex., April 1. —(U.R)— Persons convicted of dumping trash and garbage in Travis coun ty, Tex., will be fined $10 to $200, with half the amount of the fine paid to the citizen who reports the violation, County Attorney Perry L. Jones announced recently, seconding a warning by the coun ty court commissioners. -V FLOOD HALTED AIR TRAFFIC CINCINNATI, April 1.— (U.R) — Cincinnati was cut off from air traffic during the late winter floods when a levee broke and let Ohio river water inundate Lun ken Field. Citizens are demand ing that something be done about it before another flood. Interpreting The War —_ i By ELTON C. FAY Associated Press War Analyst The space separating American orces from Japan should be meas. ired in months as well as miles. United States Army and Marine iorces stand today on Okinawa, >nly 325 miles from the enemy’s lomeland. They reached there by he boldest stroke yet executed in ,h swiftly-moving Pacific war. Vic ,ory is nearer in the Pacific, but t still is hull-down on the hori :on. Admiral Nimitz’ communique points up the thought that even ihis mighty advance is only pre paratory. Possession of Okinawa, says the admiral, “will greatly intensify the attacks of our fleet and air forces’’ against enemy communications and against Ja pan itself and “final decisive vic tory is assured.’’ The way still must be made ready for landing large masses of troops to defeat the main army of Japan. To do that, the enemy * means to defend hirnself first mus; be reduced by intensified air at tack on his war-making ability (strategic bombing) and aerial cover provided for the invasion forces (tactical air coordination.) The time element involved is evidenced in some recent state ments and developments. Air commanders say the strate gic bombing of Japan’s war in dustries is only in the first stage, despite the current 300-plane B-29 strikes. They mention eventual 1,000-plane attacks. This certainly would seem to project the final offensive well into the future. The building up of air strength to provide tactical cover is no less a lime-consuming la&is. man the deliberate step-up of the stra tegic bombing. The problem is not one of planes; they are available. They must, however, have bases, ashore and afloat. The Ryukyu Islands will provide many good bases for fighter and tactical bombing planes. Iwo Jima, although approximately twice the distance from Japan at Okinawa, still is within maximum fighter and easy bombing range of the home islands. But large quantities of tactical air support, based close in also will be needed to cover any large-scale troop landings on Japan. Here is where the Navy’s air craft carriers enter the picture. The Navy now has in operation the world’s greatest fleet of carriers— scores of the fast carriers of the Essex and other classes and even more of the smaller types. The Navy, however, isn’t stopping here. It has started out on a program of building super-carriers. The first of these giants, the 45,000-ton Midway, was launched recently at Newport News, Va. Significantly, the Midway is de signated as a “battle carrier.” The Navy says officially that she has been given the heaviest pro tection with which it Is possible to “armor” a carrier and that she is designed “with withstand the enemy’s most intensive attacks with bombs and torpedoes.” These references to a “battle carrier” and to “armor”—sum up to this: The Navy is building car riers for close-in combat, car riers that can shove up almost to the point where the beach can be sighted before their planes are sent up to cover landing opera tions. It should be noted that these carriers are still in the construc tion stage. The Midway has been launched, but not yet finished and commissioned. Two sister ships are on the ways. The others so far as only blue prints While all of this is being done, ships built and planes massed and strategic bombing expanded, it will be necessary to bring millions of men and their equipment from Eu rope and set them up in the Paci fic for the final blow. rm_ :__ ii'ma -v Daily Prayer FOR GOOD WORK Ingratitude that Thou hast call ed me to live in this world at this crisis time, O wise heavenly Father, I gird myself for the day * work. As I face my task, thought* of Thee and Thy work, and of mT high privilege in being a fellow worker with Thee in infinite pur poses, throng upon me inspiring ly. By Thy example and instruc tions and Spirit, may I be mad* a good workman. Help me to do a good job of today’s task May I shirk or skimp no hidden deiail Sustain my spirit in industry; and give me, as I toil, a song of re joicing. Despite war’s terro *, may the serenity of the Nazare’h carpenter shop envelop me. Msk* me, I pray, a good fellow worker with all my companions in labor, so that my day’s work, like my morning and evening worship, may be to the glory of my Ma> ter. Amen.—W.T.E. -V ARMY ASKS VETS’ UNIFORM# CHICAGO, April 1.— (U.R) —Th* quartermaster depot of the Army with headquarters here, is urging discharged veterans who do r.ot want their uniforms to return them to the Army. There is * shortage of materials for combat troops, public relations officer* explained. Arrangements hav# been made whereby discharged veterans may express eolleet parts of uniforms not wanted t» the post from which they wer* discharged. -V Wild morning glory seed* sprouted immediately on being planted in moist soil, after being buried for 30 years in dry earth.
Wilmington Morning Star (Wilmington, N.C.)
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April 2, 1945, edition 1
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