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Hitler’s Name Heads War Criminals *List United Nations Commission Declares That Heads Of States Will Not Have Immunity From Punishment For Axis Crimes LONDON, April 1.— <a>) —The United Nations War Crimes Con» mission placed Adolf Hitler’s name at the top of its list of Ger man criminals today ana declared that heads of states would have no immunity from prosecution for Axis atrocities. Apparently the commission’s strongly worded declaration ap plied to Emperor Hirohito of Ja pan and to regular army men who carried out the Axis war plans, although only Hitler was mention ed by name. The commission said that five lists of Germans and others who would be brought to trial had been drafted and that the hunt for war criminals was already under way. In drawing up the lists, the com mission said, it “assumed that no immunity attached to heads of states and decided that a plea of superior orders, of itself, did not constitute justification for war crime." Two lists of German criminals, one of Japanese, one of Italian and a fifth composed of Albanians, Bulgarians, Hungarians, Italians and Romanians have been pre pared. The commission explained that names other than Hitler’s were withheld to prevent forewarning suspects who could then attempt to escape. “Moreover, publication at this stage of a list of the named per sons might be used as a pretext for reprisals against helpless per sons still under enemy control,’’ the commission said. The commission disclosed that a subcommission had been set up at Chungking in June, 1944, to inves tigate and report to the United Nations War Crimes Committee on the situation in the Far East and Pacific areas. "But establishment of this branch does not preclude the pre sentation to the commission ihrough other channels of evidence of war crimes committed in the Far East,” it added. "Indeed, re cently a number of charges against the Japanese were heard at headquarters of the commission in London.” The Chungking suhjcommission lias held four meetings since last November and is composed of representatives of Australia, Bel gium, China, Czechoslovakia, France, India. Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Poland, the United Kingdoms and the United States. Dr, Wang Chung-hui, Chinese rep resentative, is chairman. At present the sub-commission is examining material and informa tion against the Japanese war criminals and will prepare lists to be forwarded to all participating United Nations. The commission disclosed that each of 16 nations had establish ed national war crimes offices and investigations were being made and evidence collected on war crimes committed against each na tion by its own citizens. The commission disclosed that early in its work it urged estab lishment of these national offices “to investigate war crimes ag."nst citizens or subjects of their own countries’’ “When these offices feel a case is reasonably complete, they for ward a summary of it to the United Nations War Crimes Com mission or its sub-commission which examines the information,”, the report said. "These bodies, if they believe a war crime has been committed and that the information shows there is, or will be at the time of trial, sufficient evidence to justi fy prosecution, place the name or descriptions of the individual upon their lists. “Under this system the commis sion performs a limited function and proceeds in a manner some what similar to a committing mag istrate. Actual investigation in* eluding detection of crimes, inter viewing of witnesses and prepara tion of cases is done by official agencies best suited to conduct in vestigations within the national boundaries and according to the laws of each country. “This system makes it unneces sary for an international commis sion to assume official police du ties of each of the nations or to attempt to operate within the jur isdiction of each country, many of which are still fields of actual mil itary operations. “Under the Moscow declaration, war criminals who have partici pated in atrocities—aoart from ma jor criminals, the ?_eatment of whom was reserved for future de cisions—will be taken back to the countries where they committed their crimes, there to be judged by the courts of such countries.” The five lists of war criminals already prepared have been given to agencies in the various coun tries affected "in order that the persons may be apprehended and turned over to the proper nation* for trial.” This is intended, the commission said, to assure that criminals fleeing from their bwn country eventually would be re turned to stand trial at home. The announcement said that “while the general rule is for the commission to receive information from the National War Crimes of fices, the commission itself in some cases investigates and for mulates charges against war crim inals. This procedure applies to cases in which, for some reason, evidence of a war crime is ob tained by the commission without it being brought before it by any national war crimes office.” The United States and Great Britain have regular members on the United Nations commission with Russia sitting in effect as an observer. Representatives of the other United Nations contribute their evidence. Today’s announce ment constituted the first extend* ed clarification of the comhiis sion’s status. The commission disclosed that the advance of Allied armies on all fronts had brought a great in crease of information about war criminals. “Detection and investigation of W'ar crimes and submission cf the cases is much hampered by the difficulty of obtaining precise in formation from the Allied terri tories while they are still occupied by the enemy,” the commission said. “For this reason, during the first months of its existence the commission received only a lim ited amount of information and the number of cases was small in comparison with the atrocities committed. But as tl^ forces of liberation marched forward, the number of cases steadily increas ed and the inflow of information considerably increased.”_ I F&F SOOTHES j YOUR THROAT • below the gargle , • J Each F k F Cough Lozenge gives : ; your throat a 15 minute comforting ; I treatment. Really soothing because ; J they’re really medicated. Used by ; I millions for coughs, throat irrita- ; I tions or hoarseness resulting from ; ; colds or smoking. Only 10j! box. ; j i : COUGH LOZENGES j (—;-:-\ Just wait till you taste a meat loaf made with Condensed* F'iV^a Cream of Tomato Soup 1# One tin of soap plus one tin of milk or water makes four bowlfuls delicious soup RECIPE • Combine 11 -oz. tin Heinz Cream of Tomato Soup (undi luted), Vz cup Heinz India B Relish, >4 cup finely chopped onion, 1 tbs. Heinz Worcestershire Sauce, 1 tbs. flour. Cook until thoroughly A dish Jbv heated. Serve hot over meat loaf, I itSClf Salisbury steak or hamburgers. ^fetfteGMidense^fcean'^nkmat^ou^^elicio^^ They Strip For Charity Actress Toni 7 (left! whose straight lost to a flush held by Ann Miller (right) in a strip poker game, pays off. The gambling gamp, however, was of a philanthropic nature to advance the cause of the United National Clothing drive. Three other movie stars participating in the game donated all lost clothing to the drive, which seeks old garments for war refugees. _ SOVIETS FORGING VIENNA PINCERS - ^l* (Continued from Page One) lava with Cieszyn in the still-un-: conquered stretch oi territory in southwest Poland guarding the approaches to the Moravian gap. Slicing across this supply line, Malinovsky’s troops won a vie tory that presaged the rolling-up of a German bulge deep into Slo vakia by Gen. Ivan I Petrov’s : mountain fighters of the Fourth j Ukranian Army. ! Meanwhile. Moscow reports said j that Szalasi’s government had j fled panic-stricken Vienna, and the i puppet Slovak government of Bratislava also was said to be fleeing westward before the Rus sian tide. Wiener Neustadt was the onlj* remaining defense bastion south o* Vienna. Tolbukhin's self-propelled guns were on a hilly crest over looking the valley in which the city lies and the capture of Sop ron allowed his spearheads tor sweep up the west shore of Neu siedler See for a potential thrust to cut off Wiener Neustadt from Vienna. Tolbukhin’s troops alrealy were inside Austria on a 60-mile front and were threatening not only Vi enna but also the southern Aus trian city of Graz and the vitM railroad linking Vienna with Italy, little more than 100 miles from onrushing Soviet spearheads. Supporting the Russian drive, the Italy-based U. S. 15th Air Force blasted railroads and bridges leading into Vienna from the west and south, concentrating their attacks on the Vienna-Italy railroad, especially where it cross es the Drava river at Maribor in Yugoslavia. The German radio meanwhile coi/1 fliof AT o reVi n 1 7hiilr(M7,c Tt'i'rd" White Russian Army had struck anew against Stettin with 30 divi sions, attacking from across the Oder river after a terrific artil lery and aerial bombardment. The attacks at the northern end of the Ode river front followed less than 24 hours after Zhukov cleaned out a Nazi pocket on the east bank of the Oder at Kues trin, 38 miles east of Berlin. Mos cow dispatches said that the en tire Oder river front was likely to flare up into large-scale action at any moment. The German garrison in Glogau had held out since February 13 when Marshal Konev’s First Ukranian Army first encircled the city and then swept 55 miles to the west to reach the Neisse river mid-way between Berlin and Dres den. Berlin said that the Russians al so had opened a great assault against Breslau after hours-long artillery preparation. Konev evi dently was seeking a quick finish to free his storm divisions for the westward campaign to link with Allied forces 200 miles to the west. Simultaneously, the enemy said that Konev's troops were battling at the gates to the Moravian Gap leading to Vienna and Prague from Silesia after capturing the Oder stronghold of Ratibor. The Rus sians, Berlin said, had launched powerful breakthrough attempts at Jaegerndorf in an effort to crash through the Sudeten mountains through the Oppa river valley. At Danzig, Nazi broadcasts ad mitted that German troops had lost the Westerplatte, a narrow sand spit guarding Danzig harb<?r, where they had withdrawn after the fall of the Baltic port two days ago. At the outset of the war a garrison of 202 Polish troops held out against Nazi land, air and na val attacks for 18 days on the Westerplatte. -V PROUD OF TYPHUS DRIVE HALLETSVILLE, Tex., April 1. —(U.R)—The Texas town of Hallets ville, population 1,500, claims it js the first in the world to immunize everyone within the city - limits against typhus fever. It took nine full day? to give shots to every man. woman and child within the city Emits. -V BUY WAR BONDS AND STAMPS WORK LAW RUSHED TO BEAT VE-DAY (Continued from Page One) asserted that VE-Day might “make it even harder than now to hold workers on war jobs:” “The methods which we have had at our disposal do not permit the withdrawal of sufficient work ers from less essential occupa tions,” Byrnes said. ‘“In large part they apply only to those who have quit or been released from jobs. They do not place workers in essential jobs in which the work is hard in comparison with the pay received. They do not per mit the transfer of workers from loose labor areas to tight areas. “They do not stop workers from quitting the labor market entire ly. They do not bring people into the labor market. It is difficult, without direct penalties, to stop some employers from hiring work ers without approval or from ex ceeding established ceilings.” Senator Johnson (D-Colo.), un til now regarded as perhaps the strongest supporter of the man power control plan worked out by a joint Senate-House confer ence committee, said however Byrnes "has effectively destroy ed all chances for Senate adop tion.” This was done, Johnson said, by Byrnes’ "grotesque statement that ‘the need for manpower leg islation continues not only for war production but also for the production of essential civilian goods; and later to facilitate re conversion.” He added: “It has been understood all along that this was very definite ly war legislation and not. as its opponents contended, ‘for the per manent regimentation of Ameri can manpower’.” TKntnoe rtf the Senate Miltiary Affairs Com mittee said, however, that he thought th§ Byrnes statement “ought to help in bringing about support for the conference re port.” The Senate is expected to vote Monday or Tuesday on the meas ure. already approved by the House. Lacking' a manpower law. Ger many’s defeat—and the 30 per cent release of factories for civil ian goods in the nine months fol lowing—may bring these two seri ous results, Byrnes said: First, a possible flight of work ers from war plants needed in the war against Japan, into newly opening peacetime jobs. Second, a tardier, more hesitant reconversion program because of the uncertainty whether war plants could be kept staffed if civilian production were opened up extensively. Twenty per cent of the Nation’s industrial resources will be re leased from war work, Barnes disclosed, in the first three months after German collapse, another 5 per cent in fne next quarter, and another 5 per cent in the third quarter. _it_ U. S. Seeks ‘Big Five’ Agreement On Mandalas (Continued from Page One) for presentation if the meeting develops, calls for establishment of a trusteeship council under the general assembly of the proposed world organization, similar to the proposed economic and social coun cil. Since the word “mandates” has come into disrepute through the handling of some territories by nations to which they were assign ed under the league of nations, it is proposed to call the assignments “trusteeships.” The right and obligation of the international organization to visit “trusteeship” territories and re port on them, would be laid down. Under the League, reports were made to Geneva, but League in spectors were not allowed to visit and see for themselves. The principles of non-discrimi nation in trade, aviation and tele communications are included in the American plan. This is expect ed to run head-on into British views, especially on aviation. International use of military bases on trusteeship territories would come under the same ar rangements and special agree ments as those on national terri tory—such as on United States oi British possessions. This presum ably would affect the British pro posal to take over as a naval and military base the Japanese island fortress of Truk, bypassed in the American march on Tokyo. MAYOR PROCLAIMS! IOTH1NG DRIVE (Continued from Page One) lothing now lying forgotten in Lmerican homes, and WHEREAS, the President’s War telief Control Board has authoriz d a Nation-wide collection (April -30) of 150,000,000 pounds of serv ceable used clothing, shoes and edding, and WHEREAS, the President’s War telief Control Board has directed nore than 80 voluntary war relief gencies to suspend their national r local campaigns and public col ections of used clothing during darch, April and May, and join nth the United Nations Relief and lehabilitation Administration in he United National Clothing Coi ection, and WHEREAS, the President of the Jnited States has appointed Henry F. Kaiser as national chairman of his collection, and WHEREAS, full campaign sup >ort has been pledged by the na ional leaders of every represen ative and responsible group in America, including industry, la )or, business, government, church (roups, schools, civic and service dubs, women’s and fraternal or ganizations, farm groups, youth (roups, etc,, and WHEREAS, a local committee to conduct the United National Cloth ng Collection in Wilmington has oeen formed, and W. R. Dosher ias been named chairman of this committee, and clothing receiving stations have been established in schools, churches and other desig-? nated centers, NOW, THEREFORE, I, W. Roi> aid Lane, Mayor of Wilmington, North Carolina, do proclaim April 1 through 30, 1945, as United Na tional Clothing Collection month in Wilmington, and I call upon every responsible organization and every citizen of this community to give utmost help in this urgent and hu manitarian undertaking. (Signed) Wr Ronald Lane, Mayor. -V CONGRESS WORKS ON BYRNES P NS (Continued from Page One) Act which forbids American bank ers to do business with foreign countries which have defaulted their war debts. “We will get to work immedi ately on strengthening the export import bank,’’ said Chairman Spence of the House Banking Com mittee. “Probably we will bring out a bill to increase its capital ization so it can be used to stimu late foreign trade after the war.” Chairman Flannagan »D-Va)' of the House Agriculture Committee said the group already has dis cussed informally thr creation of a centralized soil conservation agency. Soil conservation now is administered by several depart ments. “We will have a bill to unify the program in the Agriculture De partment.” Most of the Byrnes’ other rec ommendations are pending before House committees. The banking committee will resume soon re cess-interrupted hearings on the Bretton Woods proposals to estab lish an international bank and a world monetary fund to stabilize currencies. The Agriculture Committee con cluded hearings last week on an Administration-backed bill to make permanent the school lunch pro gram. War Foods Administrator Marvin Jones urged its enactmenl to insure a nutritious diet for school children and provide a si phon for crop surpluses. A bill to repeal the Johnson A^t is awaiting action by the Hol%i Foreign Affairs Committee. rt would remove the present restr tion which makes it illegal for American capital to be used in countries which failed to keep even with their war debt payments after the last war. Chairman Bloom (D-NY) said the bill is necessary so private in vestors can help the Government ——i ,.i_ expanded foreign trade when peace comes. REMEMBERS THE BOYS LOUISVILLE, Ky„ April 1.—(U.R) Miss Elma Robbert, Louisville, is blind. But she has spent nearly •500 hours knitting for the Red Cross, devoting most of her even ings to making such articles as gloves, sweaters, socks and hel mets for men in the armed forces. 12,000 CANS IN WEEK CHICAGO, April 1.— (U.R) —One week’s supply of tin cans from 185 penny lunchrooms operated by the Chicago Board of Educa tion provided enough material for two B-29 bombers. John Howatt, board busniess manager, said the 12,000 gallon cans were turned over to the War Production Board. -y Cleopatra’s daughter, Cleopatra Selene, was carried to Rome in chains by Octavianus at the age of 11 after the suicide of her moth er and her father, Anthony. WITH THE AEF: - Screwy News From The Front By ROBERT WILSON (Substituting for Kenneth L. Dixon) ON THE WESTERN FRONT— iP)—The latest humor harvest ilong the Western Front turns up i GI who lost a tooth to enemy action—but didn’t get a Purple Heart—an MP whose pocket was picked by a Nazi prisoner, and a tanker who put all his eggs in one Basket. Mrs. Ida Mae Kelly’s son, who left home at Holt, Mich., to be come a private first class in the 10th Armored Division, is out in front of the 1945 Hardluck GI Der by. German shrapnel knocked out Bne of his teeth. The medics in formed him he was ineligible for a Purple Heart because thattooth was false. What happens to policemen in old jokes actually happened to Sgt. William Fox, Ridgewood, L. I., who was frisking a group of cap tured Germans. Brother MPs called him into the office and handed him his wallet, right out of the pocket of a slippery finger ed Nazi in the prisoner cage. Sgt. William Shake, West Terre Haute, Ind., was getting break fast when the call came to arms. He put a dozen eggs in a basket, put the basket on the back of his tank, rumbled 25 miles across Germany and fired 60 rounds at fleeing German tanks. Then he stopped to resume getting break fast. Not an egg was broken. Two treasure hunting pfc’s of the Eighth Division spotted a heavy iron safe in a pile of rub ble. Licking their lips in antici pation, Mario Chiriaco, Detroit, Mich., and.Pfc. Kaden Elizabeth, N. J., attacked it for an hour with hammers, axes and crowbars. Inside the safe they found 12 neatly stacked packages of K ra tions. The 30th Infantry Division boys thought they had nabbed a Nazi general, he was decked out in such highly polished gold and glit tering braid. But grilling by Capt. Roy Avis, Council Bluffs, Iowa, unmasked him simply as a rail road station train caller overrun in a German retreat. It may not be funny to Paris bartenders, but Brussels soon is to become the largest rest center in the European theater with the formation of the Belgian leave sec tion commanded by Lt. Col. Fred erick Kraschel, Harlan, Iowa. One of the attractions is a mam moth dance hall where a bar, com manded by Lt. Victor Spence, De troit, Mich., dispense* beer, soft drinks and ice cream—with choc olate sauce. -V— GETS HOME-TOWN TANK INDIANAPOLIS, April 1.—(U.R)— Here is another wartime coinci dence. A tank presented to the Army by students of Indianapolis Broad Ripple high school was turned over to the command of an Indianapolis sergeant—Robert L. Davis—on Luzon island in the Philippines. -V STABBED BY AIR HOSE MEXICO, Mo, April 1.—(U.R)— Wesley Nichols wanted to brush his clothes. He picked up an air hose, used at the tire company where he is employed, and started to blow off the dirt. A nail, which had been lodged in the hose, shot out and stabbed him. CLOCK SAVES GI’s LIFE STEUBENSVILLE, O., April 1. —(U.R)—Pvt. George Shaw’s eccen tric love for alarm clocks was deepened when one saved his life on the Western Front. An alarm clock tinkerer, Shaw was carry ing one in his field jacket pocket when he came under enemy ma chine-gun fire. The clock stopped the bullet—and the bullet stopped the clock. T TSE toothing, oily Resinol at once. See how soon itch ing, smarting, and minor soreness is relieved and skin be gins to improve. The special medi cation has gentle long-lasting action. Small Bum ChaRnf Skin Scrap** Dry Eczema Minor Rectal Irritation Simple Rashce Ivy Poison At all Jrauittt. RESINOL i We have 100 years of faith in the strength of that little ring 'Tr. this year of New York Life's 100th birthday, more than a million and a half wedding rings symbolize the beginning of family life for young American couples. 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Wilmington Morning Star (Wilmington, N.C.)
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April 2, 1945, edition 1
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