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_ i Eut ^ | I i*. ONE survivor of the B-17 that crashed into the Pacific off Hawaii is shewn after rescue by a Coast Guard crew. Another survivor waits in rubber raft. George Atcheson, top U. S. diplomat in Japan was among five men missing and given up for lost. U. S. Secretary of State George C. Marshall, ac companied by Rep. Sol Bloom (center) greets Brazil's Foreign Minister at Rio de Janeiro where they are active in hemisphere parley. BRITAIN'S gravest mine disaster in years claimed more than 100 lives in the ancient William pit beneath waters of Solway firth. These men were in the rescue crews. HER older sister is to be mar ried next November 20. Prin cess Margaret Rose, of England, was 17 on Friday. METROPOLITAN streets were flooded three feet deep over a four* block area when 48-inch water main burst beneath the pave* ment. Though no fatalities were reported, damage was set at several thousands of dollars. Or U.N.? kimtiMi 3311 American Republics Chart Their Course TI7HEN the Security Council VV recently asked—and got—a truce in the outbreak of fighting between Dutch and Indonesian Republic forces it was hailed as a much-needed shot in the arm for the United Nations. After a series of deadlocks, some t1 mg positive seemed to have been achieved when the Council acted on the Indonesians' complaint. However, the fighting soon started again, though on a relatively unob t. Lisive scale. The Indonesians accused the Dutch of having broken the agreement. Into this situation the United States stepped quickly, offering its services as a "D "between” for mediation. The Nelherl; nets government accepted the offer promptly, at the same time pro testing against any attempt by the Security Council to “intervene.” From Java, however, came word that the Indonesia Republic condi tioned its acceptance with a clear in vitation to the United Nations to take action first. “Pending the decision of the Secur ity Council,” was the way the Indo nesians conditioned their reply. Tartly the United States dem, nded a dear-cut yes or no. Failing to get it, the mediation offer was withdrawn. As the Netherlands army reported routing an Indonesian force, and Dutch officials were said to advocate an advance on the Republic’s capital at Jogjakarta, a new factor entered the Indonesian disunite Russia charged at Lake Success that the United States was putting diplo matic pressure on the Indonesian Re public to accept a decision bypassing the United Nations. NATION: Drive for More LAST MONTH the booming American steel industry announced price increases of $5 to $7 a ton. In so doing, the steelmakers ignored President Truman’s appeal that they “wait and see” whether higher coal wages really made a boost in the price of steel necessary. Soon after the government had ordered an investigation into in flationary business practices and the possibility of trade monopolies gouging the public, Steel was tagged .._.. as me nrsi major target. Not the Department of Justice but the Federal Trade Commission ac cused almost the entire steel industry of price-rigging and “unlawful com bination and conspiracy” to choke competition. Named as defendants were the American Iron and Steel Institute, of New York City, and some hundred members. Phantom Journey The industry’s July price boost was cited as an example of monopolistic practices which the FTC said were designed to “frustrate and destroy price competition among themselves, and thereby to dominate and'manipu late the markets in which their un organized customers and consumers must buy such goods. Assailed was the “basing-point” system by which carrying costs are assessed as if steel were sent by rail from ceric. :n ey dices—even though it may aetuc iy be transported by a cheaper . .ethod from a plant closer to the customer. A cease-and-desist order obtained by the FTC against Steel’s use of the “Pittsburgh-plus” formula—which had all steel priced from the Penn sylvania city—was obtained in 1924. It still is being contested in the courts. Hearings on the basing-points are set The first of 1,900,000 federal workers are fingerprinted, as campaign gets started to find and fire Reds holding U. S. jobs. for Sept. 19, with another “cease” order possibly the outcome. Steel did not long remain alone. In INDIA: The Rocky Road of Statehood RRI TISH soldiers were board ■*-J ing transports in Bombay, quitting the teeming subcontinent which for 200 years had been the gaudiest gem in Britain’s crown of empire. Energetic Lord Mountbatten, hav ing become the last viceroy and voiced farewells that were all but obscured by the clangor of communal strife, was assuming the largely nominal post of first Governor General of the Dominion of India. In between, he had been created an Earl. Morosely the father of Indian inde pendence, 78-year-old Mohandas K. handhi, lamented the fact that free born had brought a division of his country into Moslem Pakistan and Hindu India. Characteristically he moved into a hut in an area occupied by minority Hindus in Pakistan. Meanwhile, a week after one of the most momentous liberations in his torv. India’s 400,000,000 inhabitants 5!;- wildly celebrated the end of Brit s:n s rule, fought each other over boundaries that could never satisfy every claim. Joint Action But even amid all this excitement, Indian leaders commenced to act in the tradition of responsible self-gov ernment. Jointly the dominions of India and Pakistan decided to put down all communal disorders in the fiery Punjab “firmly and immedia tely.” The decision was taken by Prime Ministers Jawharlal Nehru of India and Liaquat Ali Khan of Paki stan at a meeting in Lahore with the premiers of east and west Punjab. Lahore, capital of the disputed Pun jab, was described as a city of terror as Hindus and Moslems battled to protect their refugees seeking to cross contested new boundaries. Other clashes occurred in bloody Amritsar, holy city of the warlike Sikhs which was assigned to Hindu India. Because a tripartite boundary com mission had been unable to agree on the new borders in disputed Bengal and Punjab, decisions were largely determined by one man, the British chairman of the boundary commission. g| INDIA jjj PAKISTAN The governments of both Hindus and Moslems had agreed in advance to accept the commission’s rulings. Millions of both religions found themselves living as minorities in ter ritory ruled by their rivals. But it was a time for bold decisions, and bold decisions had been made. As designated, the Hindu dominion acquires about 1,200,000 square miles and 300,000,000 people. Its capital is New Delhi, former seat of the British “raj.” Pakistan, the Moslem domininon, is less favored with cities, population and area. Divided into two separated regions, it covers about 300,000 square miles with some 100,000,000 inhabit ants. The Arabian Sea port of Karachi is its capital. Holdouts Hyderabad, in India’s heart, re fused to choose which side to join until things calmed down, and there were a few other holdouts among the princely states. But in a turbulent week of freedom the transition had been made. The era that dawned when Robert Clive won his victory at Plassey in 1757, that included the sepoy mutiny of 1857 and the heyday of empire for half a century thereafter, was ended. During the war Britain promised that she would give the Indians self rule. More promptly than history gave reason to expect, she had made good her promise. Balkans Problem for Assembly In a stormy week of Balkan trouble, Russia used the veto twice to kill two proposed Security Council solutions to the conflict on Greece’s borders. One of them would have called on Greece, Albania, Yugo slavia and Bulgaria “to cease all acts of provocation” and settle their prob lems at once by direct negotiation. The Council president said there was nothing to do but report to the 55-nation U.N. General Assembly that the Council was unable to find a so lution. Earlier the United States and Great Britain accused the Communist-dom inated Hungarian government of un fairly attempting to control the Aug. 31 elections by disqualifying millions. Competition quick succession the Department of Justice accused eight of the nation’s largest tire companies, their trade association and ten of their officials of violating the anti-trust laws; then it announced another suit, filed in Los Angeles, against an alleged mon opoly in the production of color mo tion pictures. Forecasting other “crackdowns” in the drive to curb profiteering, Attor ney General Tom Clark said, “This case is a part of the Department of Justice’s program aimed at breaking up monopoly power in industry.” In Washington the House of Repre sentatives Small Business Committee opened hearings to find out whether “tax-exempt privleges of cooperatives are harmful to free competitive enter prise.” The first target became the consumer cooperative in Greenbelt, Md., an early New Deal public hous ing project. The committee announced plans to hold other hearings on co operatives in Seattle, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, Kansas City, South Bend and Columbus. Unchosen Instrument Meanwhile, President Truman’s Air Coordinating Committee rejected the principle of a “chosen instrument” U.S.-backed overseas airline. In ef fect granting a state monopoly to one organization, this proposal had figured in the fight between Sen. Owen Brew ster, Maine’s Republican chairman of the Senate War Investigation Com mittee, and West Coast planebuilder Howard Hughes. Brewster had spon sored a one-airline bill for overseas aviation. Japan Machines and Men For George C. Atcheson, Jr., years of work were approaching a climax. As political adviser to Gen. Douglas MacArthur and chairman of the four power allied council in Tokyo, the ranking United States diplomat in Japan could look ahead to the con clusion of an American peace for its former enemy in the Near East. Already, under U.S. guidance, the first tendrils of foreign trade were shooting out from Nippon. In a month the victors would assemble (Russia perhaps abstaining) to lay out the peace terms. Diplomat Atcheson was flying back to Washington for official talks on these peace terms when a combina tion of a human and mechanical fail ure apparently ended a distinguished career. There were 13 men in the B-17 Fly ing Fortress that took off from Tokyo. At Guam, farthest American outpost in pre-war years, a faulty engine was replaced. Capt. K. R. Still, the pilot, tested it for three hours. Again the plane took off. It crossed 1,200 miles to Kwajalein, wartime rendez vous of American fighting ships. There 3,190 gallons of gasoline were loaded, more than enough for the 12 hours’ flight to Hawaii. The big plane did not stop at Johns ton island, 715 miles west of Hawaii. A few hours later listeners at the Hawaiian Sea Frontier heard the plane report a failing gas supply while still 110 miles from land. She was making only 150 miles per hour against head winds. One by one the four gas-hungry engines conked out. Shortly before midnight, while planes and ships raced for the position given, Pilot Still “ditched” his plane. Next morning three survivors were rescued from rafts 65 miles west of Pearl Harbor. Five dead were seen. Of the five missing and presumed lost, Atcheson was one. Work Goes On Officials said that preparations for writing the Japanese peace were far enough advanced so they could con tinue uninterrupted. All nations which had a hand in whipping Japan are to be invited for discussions, prob ably in September. * _ Dates Sunday, August 24 American Pharmaceutical Assn, meets in Milwaukee. Tuesday, August 26 U.N. Food and Agricultural Or ganization (47 nations) meets at Geneva, Switzerland. Society for the Study of Growth meets at Storrs, Conn, (through Aug. 29 )i Thursday, August 28 American Legion national con vention opens in New York City (through Aug. 30). Friday, August 29 Constitutional convention of the National Students’ Associa tion, Madison, Wis. Saturday, August 30 National air races, Cleveland. Hot Shots • At Cedar Rapids, la., Libbie Sopou sek, 48, found herself in the path of a streamliner, leaped to another track, and landed in front of a switch en gine. It passed completely over her body. Her injuries were described as a minor head wound. • At Dallas, Tex., 1,300 members of the “Little Below the Knee Club” at a mass meeting vowed to resist new long-skirted fashions. Said the presi dent, a 24-year-old housewife: “We’re going to wear the clothes that look best on us—the styles we have right now.” • At Wise, Va., a hundred cultists picketed Wise County jail, calling on the Lord to make its walls come tum bling down. Inside the walls two women cult members, jailed for han ling poisonous snakes in a public gath ering, got ready to leave. When, after three hours, the walls still stood, chanting picketers marched away. <S>--$> Labor Delayed Action Friday, August 22, was 60 days after Congress passed the Taft-Hartley bill to correct Labor “abuses” of New Deal legislation. By the terms of the law, passed over President Truman’s veto, these new provisions went automatically into effect as the week ended: The old National Labor Relations Board became an agency for protect ing the rights of workers who don’t want to organize as well as of those who favor unions. It became divided into two agencies: a five-man “labor court,” and a “prosecutor’s office” to investigate and prosecute cases before the tribunaL The making of new closed shop contracts became illegal, but “union shop” contracts can be signed if a majority of employes vote their ap proval. (In states which ban the union shop also, the local law takes precedence.) Unions cannot file “unfair practices" charges before the labor board unless they have registered and furnished fi nancial statements, and unless their officers have made non-Communist affidavits. Employers no longer are legally re quired to bargain with their super visory employes. The U.S. Labor Conciliation Service, no longer connected with the U.S. Department of Labor, becomes the “Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service.” Organized labor’s deadline reaction: At Green Bay, Wis., President Wil liam Green of the American Federa tion of Labor vehemently declared .that 10,000,000 working men would take a “holiday” at election time to insure the largest possible vote against members of Congress who voted for the Taft-Hartley law. HE 21 REPUBLICS of th« western hemisphere have of ten been hostile toward each other, but ever since their inde pendence was achieved in b’ood# struggles with European mon archs, most have generally been united in one thing. That was expressed 124 years ago in the Monroe Doctrine which warned Europe’s Holy Alliance that the young United States would not tol erate Spain’s attempts to regain he* lost New World colonies. Latin-American countries’ chief complaint against the United States • for years had been that Washington often practiced “dollar diplomacy.” Gradually this suspicion was dis pelled as ihe State Department culti vated good relations and stressed the need for hemisphere cooperation in the face of world dangers. At Mexico City in March 1945 all the American republics adopted Mon roe’s doctrine as a multilateral prop osition. By the agreement of Chapul tepec they pledged common aid fo* any American country threatened from abroad. During the week delegations from 20 of the countries met at the Quitan dinha Hotel near Rio de Janiero, Brazil, to formalize the Chapultepe<S agreement. This hemisphere defense treaty was to be the only objec tive, though early in the proceedings Argentina and Cuba sought to intro-i duce economic subjects. Such matters the U.S. delegation hoped to relegate to the 9th Pan American conference, meeting at Bo gota, Colombia, next January. Most vigorous assailant of tha Washington position was Cuba, smart ing under Congress’ recent sugar act which gives the Secretary of Agri culture the right to withhold an in crease in sugar quotas if foreign countries fail to give U.S. citizens fair and equal treatment. Cuba wanted “economic imperialism” treated as an aggression. As Cartoonists See the Menace and a Remedy Bjfl S. 1. Ray, Kansas City Star / ‘ ''. -■ . (,* S',, Disaster Blast In the Night Like the Texas City explosions of last April, death and destruction came in an earth-shaking detonation in Spain’s ancient port of Cadiz. At 10 p.m. a naval torpedo factory on the narow isthmus that separates the city from the mainland blew up with a shattering roar, a cascade of flame. Nearby shipyards quickly caught fire; an orphanage and a hos pital collapsed, burying children, nuns and patients in a scene of war like horror. Rescue workers, with the city cut off at its base, feared 400 might have perished, that the injured numbered in thousands. The Texas City, Tex., toll from a series of waterfront explosion* was approximately 500 dead. Quotes Mary Ellen Kelly, 24, of Mar cus, la., on pilgrimage of 50 in valids to Catholic shrines in Canada: “We’ll hope for miracles. They do happen, you know, but we won’t be disappointed if they don’t. We’ll just keep praying.” Georges Galli, French farmer, sending gift of chickens to Stalin, Truman, Britain’s George VI and President Auriol of France: “What this world needs is more to eat. My chickens, I hope, will call attention to the joys of the table. I pay homage to the great men of the world and invite them to consider the importance to everyone of having plenty to eat.” (All Rights Reserved, AP Newsfeatures) »■ mi imiii ....mi.. in !■ .mi ' mm lllllll ill In Short . ? ? Reported: by President Trumufc that Congress succeeded in cutting $1% billion from federal budget, in contrast to $6 or $7 billion claimed by some Republicans. He also pre« dieted biggest U.S. Treasury surplu* in history, but said commitment* might wipe out savings. Decreed: By government of Peru, that all employes of private busi nesses should get salary increases ot from 10 to 65 per cent. Adjourned: At Lake Success, N. Y* the United Nations Economic & Social Council. It will meet again Feb. 2. Died: In Stockholm at 82, Princd Eugen, youngest brother of Sweden’s King Gustav V, and known as “the painter prince.” Also, Clinton R, Wyckoff, 72, Buffalo, N. Y. industrial ist and All-America quarterback in 1895.
Wilmington Morning Star (Wilmington, N.C.)
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Aug. 24, 1947, edition 1
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