MARCH 29. 1923
PIONEER LIFE IN
IDAHO
By
L N. Perkins
There was on.' u?r., a.o.inor 'voili
iig at the Tyranus Cnu.p that 1 wa
much interested in. his* name wa
York and he may be of the sam
family of that name in X. C. thong
I dtn not positive about that, he wa
well niformed on most any subjec
\ou could suggest, had traveled ev
tensively ever the iniriir./ sections o
the North West, but h?* l v: not ac
cumulated anything and Iaccounte<
if to his love fur vau-bhsg over dif
fcient parts of fne wrld as the a
son but 1 founu therwise a? 1 v-il
r explain: At the time I was with him
he had quit wok. >. fv r wages bu
had taken a lease on a certain pro
perty and was w ircing it on
and in a short time afterwards b
"ftruck it rich* and in about tw<
wteks time clea d $l,&OG.la| and a
soon as he got his money he took i
vacation, went down to the Town o
Hailey and was gone three weeks
When he came back he w as entirely
without money, did not have any
thing at all to show for his wortr oi
the lease, and went to work again ii
mines for wages, and I learned tha
this was ar. uncommon occurrence
among mining men which explain:
why there was so many of them wh<
lived to old age. Never married ant
never owned anything' more than :
blanket and cavuse When in Hailej
before going on the to th?
Tyranus I formed the acquaintance
of a rancher who lived '?n Cam a:
Prararies. He was an ex-Cowfederati
Soldier and had formerly lived ii
Missouri and Arkansas. fr-un ti.Tr
obtained some inform:*':-m about th<
climate, soil, and prodi;; * of tin
Prairie. I told him I was e\*i acting t<
make a trip to Camas and see th?
valley for myself. bi = r,anv? was \V:1
liam McCurn and he had ov'y bee:: :
resident of Idaho three years, but 1"
was well pleased with the Countr?
and insisted that I look oar t'.?
country a?*d promised to give me wha
assistance he could and invited me t<
come to his house and make it on
heme while I was in the valley. H?
told us his home was close to a smal
town ?y the name of Soldier about
thirty miles West of Hailey. The val
ley then known as Big Caras Prarh
is about eighty miles ir length ant
from eight to sixteen miles in widtl
* The greatestwidth being about th<
center of the valley, is surrui ded bj
hiils and mountains. The low hili:
near the valley in this Western coun
try are known as foot hills, and ar<
covered with a verv luxurious irraja
known as hunch grass. Stock feed
ing on hunch grass will take on mor<
fat than any feed I know of. Then
are five Carmus Praries in Idaho, s(
named on account of a weed thai
grows in ma n y place."
in these praries. The weed resemble*
our artichoke in some respects, ha;
a bulb or root that is edible, hog:
thrive on it and the Indians used il
for food, these- valleys or praries
have local names to distinguish on*
from the other on the day mentioned
we reached0Mr. McCanti's about sur
down where We were ho pitaby en
tertained over night. The next daj
we went o.; ten miles further West tc
a settlement kit own as Con:;l. when
my friend McCarter bought him ;
ranch. Some friends of his had select
ed the situation for him before h<
came, i left him th re and re turne
that, ayomjng to Mr. McfiSrm's, ncas
Soldier This town of So dier \;as sr
named on accunt ot a d .achmen: ol
U. S. troops, that, \vo?e .-intiom
there to guard against the Indian?
who were troublesome in those day:
in all that portion of the con m i y
This valley at that time (July 1886)
was just begining to he settled up
had only been cleared of Indians am
surveyed a few years. The first
white settlers house in the valley was
built in 1881 and there vvc-re onlj
three houses built that year, bul
when I reached the valley there were
about two hundred voters living
there. Quite an increase in less thai
five years.
In the section of country bctweer
the Rocky mountains and the Cas
cades, the face of the country, th'.
climate, soil and the native growtl
of timber and vegetation is entireij
* different from the section East o.
the Rockies and more especially Eas
of the Mississippi river. The valley:
alone can be cultivated or inhabited
as it is a dry sunshiny country and ai
of the iow valleys have to be irrigat
ed to obtain results. The mountain:
are high and rugged, the "foot hills'
are higher there than the Grand
father mountains in N. C. Some verj
productive valleys are from five u
seven thousand feet above sea level
The valleys anu South side of th<
foot hills are covered with grass an<
sage brush. The North sides of th<
. hills and low mountains have a heaw
coat of fir timber with a sprinklinj
of Quakonasp along the Wate
courses.
This valley of Big Carnas prari
was an ideal one in many respect*
the altitude of the valley proper wa
five thousand feet. On the South sid
was a low mountain soperating i
from the Snake river plains. On th
North side the'mountalns were hig
and rugged, the top of one of th
peaks immediately North of the tow
-of Soldier was above the timbe
level. The North side being covere
with perpetual snow and while
looked to be level, it was rollin
9 enough to drain the water, coiisc
quently it was healthy and free froi
the musquito pest. There was a sma
stream of water which traversed th
South hills, known as Malad river,
tributary of the Wood and Snak
rivers end from the North side i
convenient distances three smai
c eeks running through the vallej
into this Malad river, thus affording
sufficient pure water for settlers anci
The spring varities of grain wen
-own in May and harvested in September.
The winter varieties of wheal
- sown in full would not produce neai
s as much as the spring varities, bul
s the quality was better.
e The climate is very different then
h from what it is in N. C. There is
s more sunshiny days*in one year there
t than any country I have ever known
- Very little rain falls, most of the
f precipitation is in the form of snow.
- in the high valleys it will measure
[1 anywhere from 2 d-2 to 4 feet in
depth. The first snow that falls in
early winter is the last going off
I in the spring. During the winter of
i> 86 and 87 measured the depth of the
t snow in different localities and it
- was just four feet. The first snow
. usually comes the lust of November
f1 or early in December, about a foot
r. | in depth and for a month or more,
s The sleighing is fine, though the sun
? shines most of the time the snow does
f not melt enough to be disagreeable
.. [ and the weather not cold enough to
* be unpleasant. After snow falls the
- stock.
i The soil on the prarie was from
i two to four feet deep, owing to the
t locality, and very productive, it rei'
quired very little irrigating. The grain
s! crocs grown were wheat, oats and
> barley. Wheat would yield from ?*0
1 to 40 bushels to the acre, oats and
1 barley from 00 to 100 bushels per
f' acre. No corn could be grown exs!
cept very early varieties and that in
? I limited quantities. The seasons were
s' short., owing to altitude and latitude.
?! A very ccld wave is sweeping over
i ranchers house their wheel vehicles,
t get out their bob-sleds, and cutters
? and use them till spring. After th.
snow falls to a great depth, for a
month or more, travel is entirely sus
ponded, except where the roads arc
t' pt open by constant travel. Where
i the roads are not kept open, persons
traveling them are compelled to Use
. snow shoes. The Norwegian pattern
being the kind used in that country. I
t have known good sized congregations
t at church and S. S., all traveling cn
1 snow shoes. Usually in February
' there is a spell of soft weather when
1 the snow will sink some and pack,
titill a crust will from on top and the
-! travel is good till about the last of
: I March, when the snow begins to get
1 soft, you must stay in the roads tili
: it gets off. In that locality thc
i snow never is taken off with a rain
7 hut goes off gradually with the sun
the water courses do not get out of
- their banks. Some seasons there are
? "chinook" winds from the Japan curs
rent that takes the snow away in
- short order, in two or three days time
? the eround* is drv and the roads
dusty.
(To be continued week after next.)
A SEVERE INDICTMENT
The Charlotte News suggests that
when we conie to the conclusion that
things are not going just as they
should, and when everything seems
dead wrong we might consider the
following stastistics as a reason:
We spend every year $2,100,000,000
for tobacco; $1,000,000,000 for
movies; $2,000,000,000 for candies,
$1 000,0000 for perfumes cos!
metics etc.; $500,000,000 for jewel|
ry, $350,000,000 for furs; $300,000j
000 lor soft drinks; $50,000,000 for
chewing gum, $3,000,000,0000 for
joy rides, pleasure resorts and the
, 'ik.0, a.- or luAuiin we spend $22,700i
o00,000. Against this we spend over
.>j.iniv,iniy jor caucanon,
i j ?i00 for graded schools $100,000,000
; for public high schools, $20,500,000
, i ft>i normal schools and $25,000,000
. , for all church schools and colleges,
i A*id these statistics cause the News
, to remark further that where one's
I treasure is there one's heart is also.
The above statistics would indicate
therefore that we have little heart
proportionately at least for those of
the things that would bring about the
conditions we desire, the social locations,
the political adjustments, the
s moral stamina,, the religious steadj
fastness and all those of more peri'
maneht attainments than we know
- in the innermost depths of conscious?
ness are alone worth while,
i' The figures represent a tremendous
j indictment against the ^people f this
f country in the mere matter of their
l stewardship, a frustration,of the purs
poses lor which wealth was intended
] tent-is enough to make us blush not
1 only but t be appalled by the one.
sHecness of our heart interests ?
s Concord Times.
A THOUGHT
Though he slay me yet will I trust
j in him; but I will maintain mine own
. ways before him.
He also shall be my salvation; for
i an hyprocite shall not come before
L'|him.?Job 13-15:16
7\
50
GOOD
' CIGARETTES
j 10c
GENUINE
: "BULL"
C 71TK DURHAM
it * TOBACCO
THE WXTAUC,
1 j "THE FULLNESS OF OUR DAY" j
When every farmer in the South J
r shall eat bread from his own fields'
I and meat from his own pastures, and
. disturbed by no creditors, and enslav-j
.. ed by no debt, shall sit amid his teeming
gardens, and orchards and vine.
yards, and dairies anu barnyards,
: pitching his crops in his own wisdom
and growing them in independence,
. making cotton, or other cash crops,:
;, his clean surplus, and selling it in!
.; his own time, ana in his chosen
, market, (through co-operative orderlymarketing
association,) and not,
at a master's bidding?getting his
. pay in cash and not in a receipted j
t mortage that discharges his debt, but j
t docs not restore his freedom?then I
sh-iil be the breaking of the fullness!
of out day.?Henry W. Grady.
It is greatly to their credit that
before it was a demonstrated success
the Raleigh banks gave encourage,
ment to the farmers* co-operative
movement. The Clearing House
doi'lii rnt thai Kaon
"entirely satisfactory" and declares
for continued co-operation. Banks
ire the heart of a community and
Raleigh hanks have shown that their
hearts beat in unison with the industry
and hope of the formers.
i mm- ummmm*
j LOW
PRI
In the Hisl
Ford Moto
^nassis
jj Runabout
|| Touring .
jj Truck Cha
Coupe
;
Sedan
All Price? F.
At these lowest
with the many r.
Ford cars are a
day than ever b
the time to pi
for reasonably p
Terms if
Jj * J. B. T
i>Ejj
boon;-: and
So" """
I "Slimy
"When I feel stupid, get const!pa
two of Black-Draught aad It lets mi
Halclen nf P f It 0 C
En all right, and have not used any oth<
H of It 1 am a guard at the State fl
IB or more years. When I first heard
i BLACK-D
Urer h
I and (he good medldne it was, I h
En I'd get up in the morning. 1 would
I bad taste in my mouth, but didn't t
I stupid and didnt feel Hke eating?ti
I was then 1 began Black-Draught, ai
Ea kind of work, ready to eat and sleef
I take Black-Draught, and lor 25 ye
wouldn't be without it at all. My n
lot. 1 am out of doom, and fresh
Sold Eve
I *.
A DEMOCRAT
mJLSJ TURKISH
tuT'iritrai Virginia
UUMnl BURLEY
r-Tutfs Pills-i j
I Enable Dyspepiles to eat whatever I | I
j they wish. Cause food to assimilate. |
I Nourish the body, give appetite. | | ]
DEVELOP FLESH |
I
rEST
P17 c '
LLo
r , 'i!t
:ory or the j
r Company
||
269 ill
. 298 I
?is 380 i;f
. 530 1
. 595 1
O. B. Detroit
!|||
j How prices and
;w refinements,
bigger value to- [ ,
efore. Now is
your uruer v
rompt delivery,
desired. j
jj,'3
AYLOR
I;
\LER
VALUE CRUS1S |)L
Ijr#
asj:
? lii
Taste" |
led, or bilious, I take a good dose or jjjj 1
: straight," writes Mr. George B. |
C. "it cleanses the liver and I feel Si i
:r medicine as I do not see the need nn 1
[erormatory, and have been for three gg I
RAUGHT |
ledidne
tad beea having a tired feefing when I
be stiff and sore, and had a stay, S3
hink so much of it till I began to feel HI
len i knew I needed medldne. It I
id I feit aD made over, ready for any |jg
i. So, tor any return of tills trouble, j
are it has beea my medicine, and I I
fork is constant i am oa my feet a I
i air and Black-Draught ire ? the H
to others ior I know His good."
aywhere.
1 sr H
wis 'IE IS'
Literature Promised tcr the
Lovers of Doys.
B?me Probably as Worthy a ^lace In
History as Any Human, but
Whjo Shall Determine?
It is announced from 1 oughkeepsle
that Vassar college is to lnive a col- I
lection of dog literature arid that it is
to be called "The Mary Ann Collection.
There will be gathered
petlicr all the printed matter concerning
dogs that can be found, says the
Best on Evening Transcript. There
Mill be books and pamphlets about
logs, newspaper clippings, reprints?
everything that has to do with lowser
and Fide. Here the enthusiastic dog <
lover may sit and reH'l for days about
logs, llils is bound to be an interest i
Ing collection and re arc sure it will i
be ai her good feature added to Vus- 1
sar college, but It will probably con- J
Arm the idea that some appear to '
have that a dog Is about as good as <
a human being?which be Is not. He
ts neither so good nor ao bad as some '
human beings, be Is just a dog and 1
has no more intellect than what ones '
fancy may credit him with having.
Dogs are all right In their place, but !
the caresses lavished on tliem by some 1
and the gravity of attention *o their !
performances by others ere rather tin I
pies sum than otherwise. Such thing?
show that a. sense of proportion is
lacking. Furthermore, dogs smell bad 1
and w?- ask you, kindly reader, whetn- '
er y have ever been ac?; '
with uny <log who elnmored to h^ ^ on
a bath? We trow not, 'h?>u < >.\e i
agre< with Mali that merely because
we I e not cognizant of a phenomenon
' is not imp sslhle. At this !
writiii-*. we do n>?t remember that the
phih > pher made an;. study of the !
wash i ... of dogs, l?i:t we are sure that j I
he would agree with us.
We do not dislike doge. On the contrary,
we like them very much, indeed,
and for this reason would not make
them ridiculous by seeing in them
qualities and attributes that range '
theu: with Socrates and Casablanca.
We think a good-natured, healthy dog
Is a very good companion anil makes
n (iintiuul UUJCVl lit me IHllUM'hJ?e. 11
Ik splendid to sec him charging hero
and there, investigating everything, j I
trying to frighten cats, finding mysteries
;n sticks of wood and old shoes '
or little dark places in the ground, j
and then galloping back to you, his
tnll aslant, a wide and honest grin >
upon his face. He la soaked in cold, '
fresh air. the brisk sun shines upon
him?he likes you, you like him, you |
are both sportsmen and care lit tie
for introapectlor, and tea parties and
Bolshevism, and the coat of living. :
Such a dog la a brick, a Signore and
the real thing. never heard of
Pan, he never will, but none the less j
Ib the Intermediary of Call is to'8 son.
He comes to you and by his cavort- ;
Ings, his plain fidelity and his tnagnlfi
cent digestion quite Innocently stirs Sti
you hopeless dreuuis of being a happy,
care-free animal. It cannot be; you
are a human and must sweat with the j
ordained travail of thinking. You
may conceive from this that Bingo
has rather the best of the bargain, but j
remember that even he has had a
bone or >??:ue toothsome hoard stolen .
from iiiin. At all events, we must all i
like and treat him friendly for
he deserves It.
* But lliere is another side to this
picture Shrinks the sUYrighted gaze
from Its conu inpiatMig, but to no purpose.
It !s that of the dear little lapdog,
the teeny. weeny Itty darling that
snarls and gorges his way through a
pampered and offensive existence. Is
he any use? No. Can he do anything
but overeat? No. Docs he cost a
sum that would keep a ci4y editor In
opera hats? Ik? dorts, the little mutt.
Does his presence add to the sum of
the world's blessings? Well, hardly
But those who like him find in him
an Intelligence far beyond that of a
young intellectual nnd a sagacity beside
which that vaunted ot B. Franklin
seems slight Indeed.
!
P?lms Explain Tick Eradication.
From 1.0OO to 2.000 persons living
In rural districts, often remote from
railroad- and citie., are each week
seeing government motion pictures
dealing with the eradication of cattle
ticks and related subjects. The bureau
of anlnmi husbandry, United States
Department of Agriculture, has a portable
morion-picture outfit which Is constantly
on circuits in parts of the
South where preliminary tick eradication
!s being conducted. Prellml
nary work consists In the explanation
of the purpose and benefits of eradicating
cattle-fever ticks which In the
past have taken an enormous toll from
the live stock Industry. Depending
on weather conditions and density of
population, attendance ranges from
75 to 350. Showings are made during
the day and evening. To many persons
the government motion pictures
are the first ones they have seen.
With a Proviso.
Supremely happy because they had
Just become engaged, a sailor pud his
*lrl sat contentedly hand In hand in
the gallery of a music hall.
"Bill," she whispered, giving his
hand a little squeeze. "T am all In-all
to you. and you are nll-ln-all to me.
Will It always be so?"
Tns." answered Bill, promptly. "All
my life, from now till the second o*
Jnne. and from the thtrd of November
till?till death. In the time between
the dates mentioned I shall be yachtln'
1ft the Mediterranean."
Paire Thr?*
110,100,000 NOW
U. S. POPULATION
Research Bureau Says Lower
Death Rate. Not Immigration,
Makes Census Increase.
WAY BE 120,000,000 IN 1930
Impossible to Calculate With Precision 1
Population of Country at Any
Given Date Because of Lack
of Statistics.
New York.-The population of thai
continental lulled States on January
U 102a. was approximately 110.100,000,;
according to a preliminary estimate!
made by the National Bureau of Be?
-" "'V *?cnrmvu Wi U'lS CUJ. illll
shows ai? estimated gum of 4,rHX),UU0;
dnce the data of the luat government
L*?ilHuS.
The figures are necessarily prelim- (
lxuurj? Bays the bureau, for the final
census figure* on birth and deaths are
Incomplete utter the end of 1920. However,
enough data are available to
show that since January 1, 11)21, the
rate of increase iu population growth
hub been accelerated noticeably, the
present rat* approaching that of prewar
years.
This more rapid gain in population,
according to the bureau, has been
brought :ibout partly by increase iu
net migration, out has been decidedly
reinforc ed by u reduction in ttie death
rale.
120,000,000 m 1930.
At the present rate of growth, the
population it- the 1930 census will
reach 120,0t*\l\>0.
It is impossible to calculate with
precision the population of the country
at any given dale, Mir statement
of the bureau says, the reason being
that in many states, births and
deaths are not reported, and even in
the registration area a very considerable
number of deaths and slttl
more births appear to escape being
recorded, rtliere are presumably, also,
minor errors in the statistics of liuinlgraiion.
Because of the difficulties
Involved, the census bureau has made
its estimates of the population for the
lntercensnl years on the simple a?
uiii|uivi; i imt lur i hic ui (ruwiu u
the samp hs in the preceding decade
This census process, which Is termed
a straight line extrapolation, has
mainly Its simplicity to commtftd It,
for, when applied, errors of consider^
ship sis* gradually accumulate as
changing conditions affect population
growth. For ezaiupla, the official
method showed a population for January
3, 1P20, nearijr 2,000,000 greater
than that given by the actual cenaae
count on that date.
Correcting the Difficulty.
The method of procedure devised by
the National Bureau of Economic Research
to ?orre?*t this difficulty is rela
tively simply. The number of hlrthft
and deaths have been estimated for
each half year and the Increase of
tively simple. The number of births
over deaths has l*?en calculated. This
amount has been corrected by adding
the excess of Immigration over emigration
for each half year. The population
for June 30, 1910, has been est!mated
from n smooth curve, and figures
hnxc then been built up for eacb
half year until the census of 1920.
The estimate thus arrived at for
January 1, 1920, Is In error by approximately
half a million, or only about
one-fourth of the corresponding error
resulting front the official method of
estimate. The labors of the bureau In
this regard have been under the Immediate
direction of Dr. Will ford L
King, formerly assistant professor of
political economy of the University of
Wisconsin, who has been enguged on
this work since 1921.
NEW MAP MAKES FLYING EASY
War Department Announces Chart
That Will Bo Valuable In CrossCountry
Aviation. |
Washington.?The War department
announced completion by the air service
of a new type o? aerial map,
which Is expected to prove of great
assistance to pilots In cross-country
flying.
Special colors are employed to mark'
rivers and railroads and highways so
that they can be Identified as landmarks
from the air. Towns are shewn
In the shape they would disclose to the
eye of the pilot, and especially colored
markings show landing facilities, with
marginal aketches of the fields, also
carried on the map.
Steals Nine Cents; Jail and Fine.
South Bend Tnd.?-Convicted n#-'
stealing nine pennies from a news
stand, George iiavls was sentenced to
the penal farm for six months and'
fined $500. The sentence was remit-,
ted, and the thief turned over to the
probation officer.
Cow Has Twin Calves.
New London, Conn.?John Morrls<m:
of Baltic owns a cow named Sue that;
gave birth to twin calves Evidently
twins run in the family of Sue. Her
mother delivered three sets of twins
during her life ,
Wild Boars Attack Farm.
Paris.?A score of famished, maddened
wild boars at*- iked the farmhouse
of Maurice Dubonrg near Lille,
bonne trying to rip open the door and
to devour the Inhabitants. M. Dnbourg'i
son, Jules, shot 14 boars.