Newspapers / The Charlotte Observer (Charlotte, … / Sept. 15, 1907, edition 1 / Page 13
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i I .second sectjo:;. uyM tJalralUSrGJ Lie bDUS - HOME 'OFFICE RALEIGH, " TJ." C. A r Strongest In the South and most '. successful. .Completes its first month of business with-application for-$47 3,00O.QO of life insurance id North Carolina alone; c ' V' y wmm . are responding to the : idea of sound INSURANCE principles, ; and safety for the insured, widows arid orphans, , v.y ry'V: -y- yv.. ;-: ,y y ;y--- and in tbnscquenccpusincss, company J... WW What Medicine SMALLPOX . AND ,C0pyrIght "1907 by J. ,W. Muller). This and the other articles to ap pear in this series have -been prepar edly speciall8ts'land mediyal men . of ' vhlgh -' reputation." Each contributor ""' stands high in hla field. Professional -ethics prohibit them from attaching " their namear but every statement Js " made with the, highest authority. ; 'It- Ig just 210 years since EJward ' Jtttner the great Euglif.i physician, vaccinated James: Phlpps, his first pa- Menu, During 4hat long -period, ac . cording to reliable statisticians, more than four ' bUHons of human beings iiave been vaccinated- - , y - 'When 'Janner Scraped tire, arm of ' 'xthe-immortal Phipps, smallpox waa , ?the? king aoourg.ot humanity., Every year 'more than'SQ.OOO persons died from It in Europe.i alone. To-day it I?; growing rarer, and rarer among &H ; the civilised races of the', earth, and In . eomo : countries It . bas dlsap . tSeared almost entirely. . Arm-scrap- ;. ng alone is to be thanked for tlilst- i 1 , i . rati gentlemen learnea in patnoi ' ogy know a great deal less about email" " pbjc, tha 4hey know about most ' r other infectious diseases. For one thing, they , have been unable, as yet, , to find the germ that causes it. Va- - v rlous , minute . bodies, have . been , dis covered In the blood and tissues of i 'smallpox patients. . Each of these has its school of partisans, who, produce a . great show of evidence ttot it,, and It - alope, produces the dlseasei - But there is a -unanJmoua lack of unanim- - Ity among'" the exerts. Ttfelr various 'theories still remain: to :,be i demon- ' atrated and accepted. , ' Despite' these lamentable differ ences, there is one point, on which all the doctdrs; agree, -It is " this: - When a man has once had smallpox, , his chances of getting it again are In "' . flnitorslmBlly small." In other words, 1 the' disease leaves almost, perfect Im iiiiunlty behind it; and he who bears tg scaM may laugh at It for-the rest of his life. This immunity follow a m -very mild attack Jgst'as certainly as IP follows- a severe attack. On that v fart Is basid-the theory, of -vaocina- tlon. - - ' ' - . Jenner was not the Inventor of Jn- v pculatlon. Five hundred yetrs ago the people of the Levant . practised it with success. Uong experience had J '- taught them that if smallpox were ' acquired by bringing the scabs pf pa ,' tlents into contact with the skin, It , usually appeared In a comparatively rmild form. : Therefore .they immu nixed themselves in this manner: by direct' inoculation from human ; sub jects. v ; But this method was open to sever , alvery grave objections. In the first place. It "happened sometimes that ' person thus. Inoculated. Instead of de veloping a mild attack of smallpox, developed H In a virulent form and w..dl4d.Xcom.ltIn.the..seaondplaca, patients thus inoeulated even when ' they themselves got well quickly and easily, frequently gave rise to . the THE PEOPLE Of THE STATE 'I vt is comming voluntarily The company's actuary, one of the best in America, has, just examined into the company's affairs and highly approves its condition in every way. If you are insurable, write for details of policy. If you wish to represent us, write regarding our income agency contract. j .;-.vv- -.r ;' vv v; : , . , officers: ". . . ' ' . . '. . JOSEPH G. BROWN, President. P. DGOLD; JR., Vice President" and Gen. Manager. C. W. GOLD, Secretary and Superintendent of Agencies. CHAS. J. PARKER, Treasurer. ALBERT ANDERSON, M. D., Medical Director. T. B. WOMACK, General Counsel,' V DAVID PARKS PACKLER, Actuary. , DIRECTORS s 3oa. C Brown, Raleigh, N. C, C. D. Benbow, Greensboro, JT, C. J. Elwood Cox,' High Point, N. C. N. II. Carlw, Wallace, 'S. C. Ceo. A. Hoklerness, Tarboro, N. C. Albert Anderson, M. I., Rnlolgh.X.C Chas. E. JofaMon, Raleigh, N. C. C. W. Gold, Raleigh, N. C. H. W. Jackson, Raleigh, N. C. W. M. Sanders, Smithlleld, N. C. J. M. Sherrod, WhUaker. N. C. ; Amlrew RaJrtgh, N. C. W. E. Holt, Charlotte, N. C. , F. G. James, Greenville. N. C. H. C. McQneen," Wilmington, N. C. C. B. Aycock, Goldsboro, N. C. Cash Surplus to Policyholders $500,000.00. Knows To-Day VAOCIXATIOX, disease in virulent and fatal forms in those around them. Thus the problem before Jenner was: To evolve a method of inocula-' tiott that would invariably produce a mild form of the disease and to keep those who had been inoculated from transmitting It, in worse forms, to others. He solved, his problem . by abandoning the ,'use of scabs -from human fatlfitg and by. employing In their places scabs from cows suffering from cow-pox. ,, 1 , . Jenner died, believing . that 'y, cow pox and smallpox 'were seperate 'and distinct , diseases. Modern, pathology has proved 'that they are one. The difference between their " symptoms and effects la due to the , fact that cattle possess a certain measure of natural immunity to the ' smallpox ?:rm and that when it. is ihtroducted nto . their bodies- It Is strenuously fougnt' and materially debilitated. Thus if a healthy calf Is- inoculat ed with virus rrom a man aymg from -smallpox, the calf itself does ot die, dux pacues.. wixn me germs ana even tually throws them. off. Now f some of these germs are taken from a scab on this calf and introduced '.Into the body of another calf,s the latter com bats them still more vigorously and sudcessfully, and they grow still more debilitated. fr After a, number of such transmissions, they lose their, original virulence almost entirely. Then, If human being, they will' give him,-not the horrible and fatal disease" we wall smallpox, .but the .mild and . easily cured malady we call 'cow-pox. . , At bottom smallpox and cow-pox are Identical, The only difference be tween them is that . the former is dangerous, , while the latter Is not. ' There are many proofs of this; but most of them involve co rruahy tneMr calltles that they cannot, be d!jc.3eed here. . The one that . best appeals . to laymen is the fact that cowpox leaves behind it an Immunity which is Jcuos as effective a bar to smallpox its an at-, tack of smallpox itself. .Experience shvws that tbe Intrrrdnlty produced by any disease . applies to that , disuse alone. .In other words, It is against all experience that one malady should protect a patient against some other malady. Therefore, pathologists con-, elude, that smallpox and cow-pox are one. w 1 ' . . ". , When you, are vaccinated, a,, cou pie of. hundred, thousand weak 'and de bilitated smallpox . germs, "from some calf whose blood has fought them, are introduced Into your body. , At the place of entrance e tnmtule forms, end for i several days you feel ilL' Later on you' recover entirely.1' "After that. even "if virulent' smallpox germs are'" introduced into yosr body, you do not take the disease. In a word, ' you have hadV cow-pox and it has made' you Immune to its other self, smallpox.' fit is a mistake, however, to suppose that this Immunity lasts forever that ooe.vaccinaiion.isnou;bo ia llfe-4 time. As m, matter of fact, the effect gradually wears off; and all the au thorities agree that every one should Jefferson '1 to the P. D. Gold, Jr., Raleigh, N. C. J. C. Hales, . Wilson, N. e '.' '. . ' be re-vaccinated every ten years pr so. In Germany this idea is embodied, in the imperial vacoIneAlon law." Every German child must be vaccinated dur ing the calendar year of its birth and again at the age of 12 years. In ad dition. Whenever a case of smallpox appears, every , person in the area of possible infection "must be vaccinated again. On account .of this drastic law, smallpox seldom rages in Germany, and when II does it remains confined to a, relatively small district, . i . In ,the United States vaccination is compulsory in the majority of States, but nevertheless the mistaken r anti vaccination sentiment,, in many sec tions,"is strong, and very often' the arm-scraping doctors have to calf in the- police to make the opponents' of inoculation bare their arras. : Despite this opposition, very few escape,. In consequence smallpox no longer is an epidemic disease in this country, ;. Orice on a time the? seaooast cities were ravaged by epidemics, that killed thousands. . But to-day . the, disease kills no more than 3,600 "persons- a year" in the whole country,, and the great .. majority of these are. negro -or torelgn-born dwellers in filthy , labor camps, sailors'. ;boarding nouses or re mote, back wood s eettlemerits.. Among the civilized inhabitants 'of the larger cities a case of smatflpoX Is -very rare. The anti-vacclnationiste -'. 1 chief argument fis the fact , that, if k vaccination , t is ' Derformea without aseptic precautions, there, is danger of inoculating the patient with the germs of other diseases suchv for instance, as lockjaw. That this is true cannot be denledf but ; that, . sucli chance Infections occur very often Is not likely. Vaccines are now prepared and packed in" a toroughljr aseptic manner and all but a, small minority of physicians make the ? inoculation carefully. To , avoid all danger of chance infection it is only necessary to employ a competent ' physician; ;; '. ; - The 1 vaccine j virus usually ' is pre pared at ipresent r by rubbing down scabs from an inoculated calf In chem ically pure glycerine.., ,Th result is a-! thick emulsion that keeps well and Is easily Introduced I into the ! abrasion made upon the arm. By eribther pro cess, the ends of Ivory points are cov ered, with the virus which, dries upon therfi. These points are rubbed into the wound. . f , ,?..',, , ; In .the .laboratories wherein vaccine virus is made commercially, elaborate clearness is observed. Calves a year or tip old are selected ' Skilled veterin arians make sure that they are abso lutely free from disease. The flank of each animal is shaved and cleansed with antiseptics. Lymph from an In fected call is Introduced beneath the skin, either with a syringe or by rub bing ft into long scratches. M Within week vthe- (whole flank of the ani mal is covered with cow-pox vesicles. The fluid within these Is the '.vaccine virus. v Ordinarily tt Is squeezed out with forceps or. scooped out with an ap propriate instrument and mixed; with glycerine. The mixtures then stored in a cool place for six weeks or" two months, when It is ready for use. Gly cerinated lymph retains its potency for eight: months or more.' : Besides pre serving the virus the glycerine has the effect of. killing a number of other common bacteria. ... .. The lymph collected from a single calf is sufficient to inoculate from 3, 000 to'15,000 human beings. . As the . . " " ' 11 " i ' ' ' ' 111 V " " ' h" :Hr3iEEEBaiiJ standard policya ' ''.'A animal's attack of cowpox makes it immune to the disease, lhr future, it can be employed only once for the production of virus. While it is in service, the animal is usually protect ed against lockjaw by the inoculation of tetanus antitoxin. ,, It is important to .repeat vaccination when it does not "take."- Only. when the farnlliar swelling and malaise fall to follow two or three inoculations. Is it safe to assume that the patient is immune. That certain . persons are naturally Immune to smallpox, and that," in conHetU(mce, vaccination, in their case, .never "takes," isiposstbip; but it is unlikely that suoh. persons are numerous. In fact, one investigator found 'only one natural Immune among Jt 8,000 patients. - . i t A great' many pathologists, In O parts .of the .world, are -now seeking the smallpox germ, as has been said. So 'far,' their work has been- without resuW. Several observers bave found a -minute parasite a, parasite differs from a bacillus in the fact that the former Isia true animal, while' the lat lef '. Is a f plant in; the pustules of smallpox ipatlents; but the .relation of this parasite fo the disease remains to be demonstrated. ' ' " " ' Other observers . have ftuizii that the blood of persons recovering from Smallpox has the power ' Of making vaccine virus Inert, and In this, fact llos a possibility that a curative se mrtt for emullpox may be produced be fore Jonjf; but so far it lavmly a possi bility. . ; . : Meanwhile there is ground, for con gratulation in the -fact' that vaccina tion has robbed the disease of Its old terrors and that epidemics, In clyiUxed ccuntrles, now are well nlgft unknown. Before' vaccination was generally practised, , smallpox was a'j frightful scourage.v During the eighteenth cen tury pne-third, of. all te ' Innabltants of: England were; pock-marked. In one' year," during the early part of that century 'one-fourteenth "of the English people, died of the., malady.. , In Ja-1 Pin,' before ' the country was , opened to civilization, it was not uncommon fo250,00p deaths to be recorded In a single eyear To-day, , the- "Japanese doctors have.lt wH,in.Jiand. and ex cept In the seaport it is practically unknown., . '. : . The disease is thought to ihave orig inated in the far East shortly- before the beginning of the Christian era. ' It was introduced into Europe by a Ro man army returning from an, Asian campaign. The first treatise on small pox thttt we know to-day was written by Marlus, a Swiss savant, in the year G70 A. 'D. Boon aftefthat.it became epidemic in France and devastated the kingdom of- Teuralnfl. ' It also spread along the. Mediterranean and the Armb physicians of the' tlmr-iwlio were a. great deal more expert than their white brothers-made elaborate' stud les.of ; it. By the time of the Orusad- : era it was the king scourge of Europe and according to ' one Wstorlsn It sometimes caused a million, deaths Jn !( single year Vf c.--'.i The Spaniards, brought, smallpox fo the New . World , ?.-' In . 1607. Two years later lt;.kille!; 1,600.000 ofthe aboriginal inhabitants of Mexico. The Indians of .what is now the 'United States also fell In multitudes. The ep idemic spread to Alaska and thence into- lbrla It, did not reach .-the, Ha waiian Islands until If 35; but Within a year after that It' had "laid low S per cent." of he people. ' t , uiKcr tayior, iviimingion, v. j. r. sawyer, .tsneviue, i. v. j. c. Braswell, Rmky Iount, N. C Jno. O. Ellington, FayettevHIe, N. C W. T. Old, Eliaibcth City, N. C. A. A. bhuord." Hickory, N. C. RALEIGH, So far the strict British quarantine has served to- prevent an epidemic In Australia; and in view of the exten sive vaccination practised there it is probable that the island continent nev er will suffer greatly from the nvailady. When Jenner"" introduced vaccina, tlon it was opposed on the ground that the virus from calves would make those who were vaccinated bellow like cattle. The theologians of the time also combatted him on the ground that smallpox was a punlshmest laid on the human race for Its admitted sins, and that any effect to escape It was an insult to the deity. Happily for mankind, such a view of things is no longer held by,-ivlliaed white men. . J. j. C.-rln.the early aar of 1885 there wasa conference at Hampton Roads between Lincoln and Seward and Hunter, Campbell and Stephens, the latter representing the Confeder ate States, I ihave heard it said that Lincoln told Stephens that if he would writ "Union" he could have had his own terms. But I have heard this dented, and the claim made that Lincoln demanded unconditional sur render. What were the facts relating to this conference? (2) Will you pleAo give me the names of the four teen or fifteen who are the electors in the H'ay-Tllden election of 1877? A. I have consulted many volumes but find - no report of the ; langwge ueed. krobably none but the partici pants knew precisely what was said. (2) The electoral commission consist ed ,of the following: Nathan Clif ford, Samuel . P. Miller, Stephen J. Field, William 'Strpng, Joseph P. Bradley, Justices of the Supreme Court; - Senators - Edmunds, Morton, Frellnghuysen. Bayard and Thurmanj Representatives, Henry B, Payne, Eppa llunton, ' ? Jostah G. Abbott, James A... . Garfield and George 7. Hoar. 1 - - ' V , -- ' J. N. A I would feel greatly obllg. ed'lf. youwould through your col umns, publish ;"som' recelpes for keeping ibutter through the summer months? , lA, Take two parts of the best Bait, one part of good loaf sugar, and one part of saltpetre beaten and blended well' together. Of this "composition put one ounce , to " It ounces of butter, , and work it well together In a - mass. Press St Into , the pahs after the butter has become -cool, for frlctlorf. though- It be not touched by the bands, will soften It. The pans should hold 'ten or twelve funds' each, "n the top put some salt; and when that' vis turned Into brine, If not enough' to cover the butter entirely, add some strong salt water' Another (method Is to pour a pint of boiling water on one pound vof ' common eaKadd a halt ounce of laUuturc.'.Ono' -ounce of lump sugar. - Lot Jt stsnd till old. f Pour It off clear of sediment aod put th butter Into It. This pickle will keep butter firm and sweet during . the hottest! weather. , - J. H.' M. Will you- kindly print a formula bv which I can calculate the bone-power afforded by water flow The Question Box , THE AGENTS OF THE JEf FERSON are welcomed visitors and their way is made easy by the stand? ing of the stockholders, the li berality of the policies, "and the faith of the people in the char acter and conservatism of the management, thereby exceed ing all records for first months business. NORTH CAROLINA .5 ing perpendicularly down a pipe? I have a two-Inch pipe kept full con tinuously by a spring fifty feet above the outlet, and I want to know what power I could derive from It. A. The capacity of your spring In horse-power is equal to the weight of water . pass im? through the pipes per minute multiplied by 60 and divided by 3, 000, Mrs, C. Please state the family namo of Queen Victoria; the name of her father and the name of her mother? The family name of Albert, Prince Consort? A. Queen Victoria was the daugh ter of the Duke and Duchess of Kent Her husband was Prince Albert, of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. L. K. Please tell me where to send an old coin to receive a premium on it? A. Do not send , it anywhere until you have sold it. There are coin dealers In every considerable . town, but It does not follow that they are equally anxious to obtain specific coins. B. S. B. What Is the horoscope of a iperson born June 6th. A. Very restlens, never satisfied, sociable and adjusted to the times. If the societies you ask about have branches In this vicinity they are cer tainly referred to in the news col umns. TV E", L. What was Dan Emmet's native State? Did he compose ie words of the song "Dixie" before or after Col, Will 8. Hayes A. He was a native of Mount Vern on, Ohio, and originated the song as It was at first sung.. Most of the verses were written by others at later times, ...... : .,,.,' - ., :',.-. B. J Does the atmosphere rotate with the same speed as the earth? - A. It -Joes noU, The further from the earth the less the air takes the motion of the earth, H. C What Is "4he date of the earliest exploration of .the Panama canal route? , - A. The tint' exploration for a canal across the Isthmus of Panama was made in 1537-2S by H. de la Serns. ' O. E. F.-Pleas, state how to se cure a passport and how murcrt tt would cost 'anfT.wtiether cltlien pa pers are nwusary? A. Passports are IssueJ by the Secretary of State,' Washington,' D. C The foe is The application must be accompanied by an, affidavit, the blank form for which can be obtain ed . by writing to tils' Secretary ef State. The passports are Issued only to eltfiens. of the United States,- J. W. What was the site of the Mayflower, and how many were , the pilgrims? . . A. The Mayflower was a ship of HO. tons, t It conveyed ,. from ' Ply mouth to Massachusetts 10 1 - Purl tans, known as the Pilgrim' fathers, r V. L. How many metals ' . are known? . ' v A. Forty-nine elements ' are uni versally classed as metals: tellurium sometimes is -taken; -a- fiftieth.-- J . .,,, , i,"..,.1 f , .; ' " R. 8. Was. there ever a coal vein In the anthracite region which aver I aged more than one hundred feet thick? , w A. The largest vein of which there appear to be any records are about mirty rest in thickness. , . i A. M. What does "patent applied for" mean? A. It means that the Inventor claims the protection of the govern men during the time that the Pat en! Office la investigating hi petition for letters patent. It is a warning to would-be infringers. w D. J. Is the Turkish title "pasha? civil or military? , A. It is given to civil - 'dignitaries and to naval and milttry command ers, , J. N. O. By what trick can water be brought below the normal freezing point without solldlfyiugT , , A. It can be (done bv keeping the water perfectly still. Thus the tem perature can be brought to 82' -degrees' Farenheit without freezing. Then, If the water Is shaken, part of it will freeze at once, and the rest B. J. What were, the names of the "three wtse men" who came to Beth rehem ? ','.- A. Their names are commonly said to be Jasper, Melchoir and Balthaser. M. Ji.r Wlht UM tha Hat. ix,h ert Louis Stevenson's death? A. December 8th, 1894. t K. L.--Is Opie Reed the author's real name or nom de plume? " A. Opie Reed tea real name. He was born in Nashville, Tenn., In 1850, and in early life was employed on several Southern papers. . In 1883 he established The Arkansas Traveler, which be. conducted about ten years. J. F. Is quicksilver found in vso nearly the commercial fornv-thatr It Is liquid? (2) If not. from what la It got, and how? A. Tew in comparatively small quantities. (2) Of various ores, cin nabar, its sulphide, is the only -one that furnished nuch 'of the metal. Cinnabar Is 'healed ,to above the point at which mercury boys. The latter Is given-' off ln vapor, which lscjn densed, ' great care being" taken in this process tt protect the workmen from the hurtful vapor and to pre vent s waste; of the latter, , W. P, Was that portion of London how known as Whltefriars always so called? A. Whltefriars was formerly known as Alsatla, a precinct - in London which was for a long time an asylum for insolvent debtors and persons who had offended against tae laws, -W. t. K.When and what was the lowest price paid' for - spot cotton (middling grade) on the Charlotte market since 1900? Did the staple ell for a lower price la 189S? A. Tha, lowest price ever paid fr middling cotton on the .- Chariot t,.s market was f-8 cents on Iecer!i ber 29th. 1904." The records prior ts 1899 were destroyed by tire amiaiw second query rannow be answered. For a Sprained Anklo. A sprained ankln may t eurvd in f' one-third ;h tune usually rt'tiuuc sppling .-CbamborUtn's Tain I treVjly, an' islvin tt ahsoluto rest., i sale by W. U Han4 & Co. 7
The Charlotte Observer (Charlotte, N.C.)
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Sept. 15, 1907, edition 1
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