-ft ' f '
:: E J
tABE STREET
C x
2 pei? annum
IN ADVANCE.
ON TH
CHARACTER IS AS IMPORTANT TO STATES AS IT IS TO INDIVIDUALS, AND THE GLORY OP THE ONE IS THE COMMON PROPERTY OF THE OTHER.-
WEST SIPK OF TJ
CHARLOTTE, N. C, TUESDAY, JANUARY 15, 1861.
W yfo ITAMS EiTon and Proprietor.
NINTH V OLUME NUMBER 447.
THE
(Published every Tuesday,
BY
WILLIAM J.
Y A T E s ,
EDITOR AND PHOI'ttlKTOK.
If paid in advance,
If paid within 3 mouths,
if .if t.r th emiratioa of the year,
,$2
. 2
3
00
50
00
jj-Any peron sending us five xr.w subscribers,
accompanied y tin- advance subscription ($10) will
receive a sixth copy gratis for one year.
g?5j-Sub-rribcr5 iuxi others who may wish to sent!
tnuiirr to us, tan do .o iv
mail.
at our risk.
-o
Transient advertisements
must be paid for iu
a -Jvj no.
.VKf rti-i-rnent not markt-d on
the manuscript
for a specific, nine, will be inserted
charged accordingly.
until forbid, and
SAMUEL r. SMITH,
Attorney himI CimM'lr at Caw,
CJIAIILOTTK, N C,
ix-:n .i,l r..t t!:i and diUwitlu to collecting and
remitting all claims
Siiecial attention ,
intrusted to his care.
riven i the writing of Deeds, Con
veyances, .r.
Rt?," I luring boors of business.
may Jk found in the
Court House, O'i'ii e No. 1 , aWj.iinin
January 10, W
the clerk's oilier.
J. A. FOX
iLttorncy
Law,
CHARLOTTE, X. C.
G EXE HA L CO A 1. ECTlXti A a EXT.
Office at the Court House, 1 door to the left, down stairs.
Wm. J. Kerr,
a t t o n X a: V A T A XV,
CHARLOTTE, N. C.,
Will nra.-tit-e in the County and Superior Courts
County aod Superior
Of
Mecklenburg, l.'niou
and Caliarrus counties.
Ornre iu the llr-why JmsMj-ig o?.;o.ite Kerr s iiotci
Jaiiuart 24, lsr.'i y
KOBEHT GIBBON, M. D.,
PR.lCTITIO.'i:K OF JIKDfCIJE
A X l
Ot'iri- A"'. '1 I r fin's vurm;-, (JllAULUTTK, X. C.
neceinUec 14, 1H...'.
rLLOK . J.KK.
VVV. If. KKItli.
LKFi & KE1UI.
ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELLORS AT LAW,
A XI) .SOLICITOUS L CHAXCKKV,
Memphis, Tennessee.
E-?f Oifiee over the !avoso Bank, ou the Corner of
Maiu and Madison Streets. m"(f1
Tint nf JJttUiiuj Court :
Ciiaxceky 4th Monday in May and Nov.
CiitcFiT '.'d Monday in Jan., May and .September.
Comvon Law 1st Monday in March, July and Xov'r
Cmmxii. "Jd Monday hi February, Juue and Oet. er.
CuTTEMiF.x CiBCfir CovitT, Akk. '2d .Monday in .May
and November.
J;;n. 3d, I .";). y
" K. W7 BECK WIT H
Has constantly on hand
WATCHES, JEWELRY, PLATED WARE, &C.,
)f the best Kngrlisb and Auieriean manufacturers.
Cj31 and examine his stock before purchasing elsewhere.
Watch crystals put in for '2i cents each.
November 8, l&j'J y
John T. Butler,
l'KACTirAL
Watch and Clock .Tlakcr. Jew
eller, Vc,
Opposite Kerr's Hotel, Charlotte, K. C.
(Iitc with It. W. Heckwith.)
Fine WjiIcIics Clock A. .Fiv'lry,
ofeverj- description, Repaired and Warranted for 12
months.
Oct 15, thOrt. tf
J. G. WILKINSON & .CO.,
I) K A LEI'S IN
Watclies,
Silver fc plated Ware
ax i) faxcy uoors,
No. 5, Granite Range,
Opposite the Mansion House, CM AKLOTTE, N. C.
Attention riven to Ilepairing Watches and Jewelry.
September IK, liO0. y
New Supply of
WATCH LIS, JEWELRY,
Solid Silver and Plated Ware.
The subscriber has lately purchased a verv extensive
fupply of the above articles. 1J is purchases being
made directly from tlie i...uiufatturer, he is therefore
enabled to sell at a very mall advance on cost, and
persons may rest assured that all his articles are war
ranted to be what he represents them to be.
BQU Watches and Clocks carefully repaired and will
receive my personal attention.
R- W. BECKWITII.
W. 27, 1SG0 tf
Charlotte fc
S. c. Railroad.
On
and after t li Firt r iin.,, Tiinorpti
LXFRLSS FREIGHT TRAINS will run Daily between
inarioite ana Charleston, without transshipment, thus
s io reach Charlotte in
: iiavs or less
iroiu iew lorn, and
iu one day from Charleston, and
vtee rtrta.
- - i
Also, THROUGH TICKETS will be sol J from Char
lotte to Charleston at Ss and to New York, via
Charleston Meamcrs, at $10, nd r,W ,vra. The mer
chants and public are invited to try this cheap and
expeditious route for freights aud passengers.
. , A. ii. martin,
et 2, l?0o. tf Gen'I Ft. and Ticket A-ent.
AT TAYLOR S
Ul unery. uuns and
makes.
- . - - kl 1 1 1 1 1
VOU can hnil tlii Inrnrrct
Pistols, of all the celebrated
GLASS,
American.
of all sizes and qualities both French and
aiso, i any l.v the krsr or round.
WOODEN
WARE Brooms, ic, of all kinds.
MEDICAL 1YOTICE.
DKS. M. B. TAYLOR and J. M. MILLLER have
associated themsolves for the practice of MEDICINE,
in all of its various branches.
BfJOflue at Dr. llilllr's old stand.
October 23, 18G0.
FKUIT AND TREE STORE.
The subscriber baa opened out next door above
Hyerly's TiivShop, in the Mansion House Building, and
will keep on hand a well selected stock of Fruit Trees,
Grape Vines, Evergreens and Shrubbery, kc. Also,
Fruits of various kinds Apples. Oranges, Lemons,
'ie Applet, sc., c.
Dec. 11, 18C0. tf.
VAL.UA RLE
FOR
EW. LYLES.
PLANTATION
SALE.
The subscriber offers for sale that valuable Planta
tion formerly owned by the Rev. H. B. Cunningham,
situated nine miles north of Charlotte. The tract of
land contains 700 acres, about 300 of which are cleared,
including a good nieadow'of 25 or 30 acre3 the bal
ance is good wooddand. The A., Tenn. & Ohio Rail
road passes through the plantation. There is a fine
Dwelling House containing nine rooms with 8 fire
places, and all necessary out-buildings. Good water
convenient.
For further information apply to the undersigned at
his residence or address him at Craighead P. O., or
apply to J. C. McAuley on the premises.
R. B. HUNTER.
December 4, 18C0 3m-pd
Quinn's Rheumatic Remedy
Has effected cures of Rheumatism that were considered
boneless, certificates to prove which can be exhibited.
The sull'ering are invited to give the medicine a trial
Orders addressed to the undersigned at Charlotte wil
receive prompt attention. W. W. QUINX.
April 10, 1800. Price $1 50 per bottle.
Hardware ! ! Hardware ! !
A. A. N. M. TAYLOR
"WP ESPECTFULLY informs his friends and the puh-
JL' lie generally, that he has added to his extensive
stock of Stoves and Tin Ware, a large and complete
stoek of Hardware, consisting in part as follows:
Carpenters Tools.
Circular, mill, crosscut, hand, ripper, pannel, prun
ing. grafting, tennon,back, compass, webb, and butch
er SAWS; Braces and bits, Draw Knives, Chissels,
Augers, Gimlets, Hammers, Hatchets, and Axes; Brick,
nlasteriiiir, and pointing Trowels: Saw-setters, Screw-
plates, Stocks and dies, Planes of all kinds, Spoke
shaves, Steel-blade bevel and try Squares; Spirit Levels
Pocket Levels, Spirit level Vials, Uoring machines,
Gougers, ami in fact everthing a mechanic wants, in
great variety aud at very low prices, at TAl LOR is
Hardware Store and Tin-ware Depot, opposite the Man
sion House, Charlotte, X. C.
May 23, 18C0. tf
Blacksmith's Tools.
Such as Bellows, Anvils, Vices, hand and slide Ham
mers. Buttresses, Farriers' Knives, Screw-plates, Stocks
and dies. Blacksmith's Pincers and Toners, Rasi ers and
Files of every kind, JUttt horseshoe ami clinch Nail?
Borax: Iron of all sizes, both of northern and country
manufacture: cast, plow, blister and spring Steel; &c
for sale very cheap at
TAYLOR'S, opposite the Mansion House:
Ludlow's Celebrated Self-Sealing
Cans, of all the different sizes, at lAiLUlife
Hardware Store, opposite Mansion House.
Agricultural Implements of all kinds.
Straw Cutters, Corn Shelters, Plows, Hoes, Shovels,
Spades, Forks, Axes, Picks. Mattocks, Grubbing Hoes,
Trace Chains, Wagon Chains, Log Chains, Pruning
and Hedge Shears, Pruning and budding Knives, gar
den Hoes and Rakes, with handles; Grain Cradles; grain,
grass and brier Scythes, Bush Hooks, Wagon boxes;
Hollow ware, such as pots, ovens and lids, ski Hits, spi
ders, stew-pans and kettles, Cauldrons from 20 to 120
gallons each; Iron and brass Preserving Kettles, Sheep
Shears, &c, at TAYLOR'S Hardware Depot, opposite
the Mansion House.
Tin and Japanned Ware,
A large assortment; Block Tin, Block Zinc, Tin Plate,
Babbit metal, &c.
Stoves, the largest Stock, of all sizes, at
TAYLOR'S Hardware, Stove and
Tin ware Depot, opposite Mansion House
SlOO REWARD!
R
ANAWAY from the subscriber on the 1st October,
a mulatto boy named SOLOMON. He is near six
feet high, about thirty years old, tolerably bright, rather
slim, and weighs about 175 pounds. He has a down
look when spoken to. The end of the forefinger of his
left hand has been cut off, and a sharp hard knot has
grown on the end of it. I think he is lurking about
Rocky River, in the lower end of Cabarrus county,
where he was raised. JSy All persons are forewarned
not to harbor or assist him, under the; penalty of the
law. I will pay the above reward for his delivery to
me, or his apprehension and confinement in any jail so
I can get him. WILLIAM HAMILTILN.
Xegro Head Depot, Union Co., X. C.
April f, looO. tf
Reef Cattle Wanted.
JfiJicst Cash Prices paid for Beeves ami JSJieej).
I am still engaged in Butchering, and desire to pur
chase Beef Cattle and Sheep, for which I will pay the
hivrhest market prices. Those having stock for sale
will find it to their advantage to give m a call,
In-
quire at Dr. Taylor s Ian lara.
Aug. 21, I860. 2G-tf
J. L. STOUT.
NOTICE.
Taken up and committed to the Jail of Mecklenburg
c.unty, on the 8th day of September, 18G0, a Negro
bov about 18 or 20 years of age, (black,) about 5 feet 6
or 8 inches high. He says his name is JIM. and that
he belongs to John Worthy of Gaston county; that his
master moved to Texas early last Spring, at which
time he ran away from him. Jim appears very dull:
. " . .u: i . l:.
can scarcely communicate auyimug uuom ma maM.er ,
or home with any intelligence. He has a scar on his I
right fore finger." made by a cutting knife. The owner j
is requested to come forward, prove property, pay ex
penses, and take s.tid boy away, omerwise ne win oe i
disposed of according to law
Oct. 9, 18C0.
tf
E. C. GRIER, Sheriff.
CHI I?DR ENS' Carriages,
Cabs, Cradles, tc, a beauti
ful assortment always on hand
at
PALMER'S
Variety Store,
One door aboTe the Bank of t
Charlotte. Dec 4 '60 j
1 i And fhis brings me to my second argument in favor
Raisins, RaisillS. j of the X. C. M. Institute. It was not projected as a
Just received, a large lot of fresh bunch Mallaga speculation by private individuals, but a3 a public en
Raisins: also a large supply of Figs, Dates, Prune?, Cur- ; terprise for the public good. The whole county of
rants, kc, at J D PALMER'S Confectionary.
Dec 4, 1SCO
i
REMARKS OF MAJOR D. II. HILL,
or THE
N. C. Military Institute at Charlotte,
Before the Committee on Education of the North
Carolina Legislature, January 1861.
It is no longer a disputed point whether it is the
duty of the State to provide for the education of her
sons. Whatever differences of opinion there may have
bnce been in regard to this matter, there has been none
among the civilized nations of the earth for the last half
century. North Carolina has recognised this obligation
ever since the American Revolution. Section 41st ofj
the Constitution established In 1775, provides " that a
school or schools shall be established ly the Legitlalure
for the convenient instruction of youth, with such sala
ries to the masters, paid Ly the public, as may enable
them to instruct at low prices; and all useful learning
shall be duly encouraged and promoted in one or more
universities." It is with deep significance that this
section was introduced, just when the colony was
breaking the ties that bound her to the Mother Country.
She felt then, as she had never felt before, her need of
more educated men, and that she must depend in the
awful crisis before her chiefly upon the cultivated intel
lect of her sons ; she felt, too, that her independence of
Great Britain would be merely nominal, would be
farcical even, if it extended only to political relations
and left her dependent for her literature, her science,
her arts and manufactures upon the country whose
authority she ignored and despised.
We are probably upon the eve of a greater revolu
tion than that through which our fathers passed ; but
we will never constitute a great and prosperous com
monwealth, we will never be truly independent, until
we develop our own resources and learn to lean upon
the powers and intelligence of our own chivalrous sons.
And whether we will be called upon or not, in the
Providence of God, to pass through the fiery ordeal of
civil war, domestic discord and a dissolution of our
glorious confederacy, we will be recreant to the sacred
trust committed to us by our fathers, recreant, to our
constitutional oaths, and recreant to the best interests
of the State, if we neglect to do all in our power to
make, her felt and respected among the nations of the
earth, because of the intelligence of her sons, the
greatness of her institutions ot learniug, the magni
tude and importance of her domestic manufactures,
controlled and directed by skill and .science. With
commendable zeal, the noble Old Commonwealth pro
vides care and attention for the bodies of her suffering
sons and daughters, and has established poor houses,
asylums for the blind, the deaf and dumb and the in
sane. The magnificent structures in this city prove
her sympathy for the suffering body ; will she prove
indifferent to the suffering mind? Shall the perishable
part of man's nature have thousands and tens of
thousands expended upon it, and the undying, immortal
part bo neglected? But the vastness of the, literary
fund of Xorth Carolina and the immense sums ex
pended upon the common schools, prove that the State
is keenly sensitive to the educational wants of her
youth. My task, then, is not to arouse and stimulate
an interest upon tins momentous subject, Out as tne
representative ot a military school to point out toj-ou,
with all deference and respect, a channel through
which your liberality may How. Permit me to say,
that if I felt that this were a matter purely personal to
myself or with the Institute with which I am connected,
my lips would be sealed before 3ou. I feel, on the
contrary, that the interests of this proud Common
wealth from the mountains to theseaboard are involved
in the subject of military education, and that there
fore my appeal is in behalf of the whole State, through
out its length and breadth.
I propose to $how several reasons whythe'N. C.
.Military institute at Cliarlotte slioula receive pecuniary
aid from the Legislature. I do not stand a3 the repre
sentative of the Military Academy at Hillsboro, but I
can speak in the highest terms of the accomplished
Superintendent as a gentleman and scholar, and of his
Institution with the greatest respect and admiration
Representing but one Institution, I can present the
claims of but one. I trust, however, that you will
grant the other a hearing, with the same courtesy and
kindness which you have shown to me.
My first argument for the X. C. M. Institute is, that it
is designed to be an Institute of first standing aud
character, and will therefore need pecuniary aid. A
school with a low grade of scholarship and a low
standard of discipline can be made to be self-sustain
ing, but a first-class College can never be so. To place
an Institution in the front rank, you must give it a
magnificent library and costly apparatus, you must call
in the first talent of the country at enormous salaries,
and you must give it such a money basis as to make it
inaepenuent ot tne whims ana caprices ot a patronizing
public. Every Trustee, every Professor of a College,
every Patron, recognises these well-established princi
ples. Hence the first effort in behalf of our Literary
Institution is to raise an endowment of one hundred
thousand dollars, tne secona eirort is to raise an en
dowment of two hundred thousand dollars, the third
effort is to raise an endowment of three hundred
thousand dollars, and then when these three efforts
have been successfully accomplished, comes the com
plaint that the College is very bad off for funds. It is
plain, then, that a first-class College must have a con
siderable if not a large capital, and every man knows
that there are but three ways to raise this capital 1st,
by voluntary contribution; 2d, by lowering the standard
of education ; and 3d, by State aid. I will glance
briefly at these three methods. You see at once that a
military school is shut out from assistance through
donations. The denominational colleges and schools
have so completely exhausted that soil, that it will
yield nothing more. All private benevolence now
takes the denominational channel. The donor maybe
giving through mere sectarian pride, or through the
vain hope of buying heaven by his gift; still, he thinks
that he is giving to the cause of Christ throngh a pure
motive. I doubt not, too, that this is so in a large
number of cases. But whether the motive be pure or
impure, selfish or unselfish, t lie effect is the same, and
none but a sectarian school can elicit the charity of
the public. It is not fair, then, to say to our school,
you can get along as other schools do. l his is not
true. We have no sectarian bias, aud therefore no
sectarian alms.
The second mode of raising funds is, through a
singular opposition of ideas, by lowering the standard.
If the platform be high, it takes a giant to step upon
it if it he low, a pigmy can reach it. Every teacher
in the United States knows that the humbug and clap
trap schools are the best patronised. In the majority
of cases, the boys and not their parents select their
i schools and colleges, and they take care to go where
' they will have a good time of it, that is, where they
will not be governed and where they will not be worked
, very hard. Forty-six of the cadets of the N. C. M.
j Institute of the last year did not return this session.
! Forty of these had been found deficient in their studies
! at the close of the last session. I happened to know
that all of the forty-six, with the exception of four or
five, expected to return before they knew of their
failure on examination. I have been a College officer
for twelve years, and I have very seldom known a
student return the next session after he was found de
ficient, or was disciplined in any way. Hence, year by
year, I am more and more painfully impressed with the
truth that a College can t nly be kept full by keeping
the heads of its pupils empty. We can make our school
at Charlotte not only seif-sustaining, but a money
making concern, by putting down its standard to the
lowest possible point. Such a school, however, would
be a nuisance to the State and a terror to the inhabi
tants of the adjacent town. Xorth Carolina wants no
such swindling: establishment as this, which takes the
money of the parents and in exchange for it ruins the
morals and stultifies the intellects of their sons.
Mecklenburg is interestea in it, ana me town oi inar-
lotte is a stockholder to the amount of ten thousand
dollars. I hav heard some of the largest donors say
that thej never expected a cents' dividend, but wished
all the profits to go to the enlargement and improve
ment of the Institute. They looked for an equivalent,
it is true, but it was in the elevation of the morals of
the young men, and the greater prosperity of the com
munity. ,
My third argument is, that we can make our barracks
a depository of arms for the State. The Governor, the
Council, and the Legislature know very well that vast
sums have been expended in the purchase of arms, and
that immense stores of ordnance have been given to
the State, all of which have been sadly neglected if not
permitted to rot for the want of intelligent manage
ment. The N. C. M. I. hu bow a most accomplished
ordnance officer connected with it. and. if the Stale
come generously to its support, we can from time to
t;me can in irora tne Army intelligent ordnance officers
amply qualified to take charge of our military supplies
and to give proper directions about the kind needed,
and the quantity and quality of each. Can any man
doubt that more money would be thus saved to the
State than a liberal annual appropriation would cost
her: South Carolina employs an ordnance officer, i
graduate of West Point, at a salary of $3,000 per an
num. Several of the other Southern States have made
appropriations for the same purpose. We are willing
to dc this work at our Institute, and will furnish
man trained in our largest arsenal, provided that the
appropriation accrue to the benefit of the school.
All men agree that money may be judiciously ex
pended in order to save a greater expenditure. Insur
ance offices owe their existence to this principle. Make
our Institute the arsenal of the State, and we will
insure the Commonwealth against wasteful neglect and
abuse of arms when purchased. Let this be done, and
the saving to the State will not be by thousands nor by
tens of thousands, but by hundreds of thousands. This
plan will bring into our Institute an amount of ord
nance skill which would enable us to prepare the am
munition (fixed and unfixed) for the artillery and small
arm service of the State. We have already made a
large quantity of ball and cartridge for our own use
and could extend our labors for the benefit of the State
My fourth argument flows naturally from what has
been said in regard to the selection of West Point
men. Our Institute has now a better representation of
Army officers than any other Institution m the South
except the State Military School in Virginia. We have
an Ordnance officer of skill, tact and experience. We
have an Engineer officer, who has been employed by
the General Government upon some very important
works, and is well qualified to put the State in a con
dition of defence. e have an Artillerist, who has
seen war as it is, and whose experience's at the service
of Sorth Carolina. Having this basis of army officers,
our Institute can without scruple or delicacy call in the
best talent and the most enlarged experience of the
Regular bervice, as our resources, througn your gene
rous aid, will enable us to make the call. No other
military school in X. C. will feel disposed to engage the
services of West Point men, for the simple reason that
no other has Army men now connected with it. And
even if such disposition were manifested, it must provo
nugatory, for there is that sort of esprit du corps among
the graduates of West Point, which forbids them from
servintr under any other than the alumni of their owin
Alma Mater. XT. Carolina can then secure the services
of army officers through our school, and our school
alone. This establishes an unanswerable reason for
the cultivation and development of the N. C. M. Insti
tute. So satisfied am I that your intelligent Committee
can appreciate the strength of this position, that I am
willing to rest the whole issue upon it. I will, how
ever, add one or two more reflections for your calm and
dispassionate consideration.
Fifthly, without State aid we will be compelled to
put our tuition and other fees so high as to preclude
the sons of the poor. But your oaths compel you to
take care of this class of persons and to afford them
facilities for every species of education. Hence, pro
vision must be made for them by some scheme of
liberal and enlightened policy. It is well known to
your Committee, moreover, that the poor being com
pelled to labor and to use tools, have in consequence
of this use, the mechanical talent more fully developed
than the more favored classes. And since our school
is essentially a school of science, intended for the
fostering and cultivation of the mechanic arts, it be
comes a matter of the highest importance that we
should have the sons of the poor. Grant us the power
of engrafting theoretic knowledge upon natural apti
tude, and we niaj' reasonably hope our school to be the
nursery of Arkwrights, Fultons, Whitneys,
My sixth and last argument is based upon the subor
dination inculcated in military schools. The great sin
of the age and the great curse of our country, is re
sistance to established authority. Higher-lawism is
practically the law of the land. From this have flowed
all the discord and wretchedness which now agitate
this great Republic. The setting up the man's own
conscience as superior to his duty of obedience and as
superior to his allegiance to Government is a monstrous
evil, which military schools can in a great measure
correct. Had Mr Seward received a military educa
tion, he never would have devised his diabolical doc
trines. No West Point man belongs to his accursed
party. The Chairman of the Breckinridge Executive
Committee was a West Point graduate, born in Massa
chusetts; one other certainly, and I think two others, of
that Committee were from the same Institution. And all
of the alumni, so far as I could learn, belonged to the
three great parties opposed to the sectional candidate.
The point of honor of the cadet lies in obedience to
constituted authority. Hence, in after life when he
takes his position among men, he is always conserva
tive, law-loving and law-abiding. It is, therefore,
impossible to over estimate the influence of military
schools upon the welfare of society. Were it possible
to train all our young men in them, lawlessness would
be absolutely unknown and unheard of in the next
generation. The N. C. M. Institute proposes to extend
the benefits of the system to the whole State by edu
cating one Cadet from each Senatorial District, in con
sideration of a moderate annual appropriation. This
plan offers many advantages to the Commonwealth. It
will give her a large number of conservative and loyal
citizens distributed equally over her surface. It will
give her a body of youth trained in the practical pur
suits of life and prepared to take the lead in all enter
prises for the develooment of her material resources.
It will give her a host of intelligent and reliable offi
cers to command her troops in case of foreign war or
domestic difficulties. The cheapest defence of a nation
is the training of a select corps of young men to lead
her armies. All history proves that the proudest
navies, the costliest bulwarks, the strongest fortifica
tions, the most magnificent equipments and the finest
soldiery are all absolutely worthless and inefficient
when the commanders were ignorant and incompetent
men. v hat could tne most spienaia troops accomplish
with such leaders as Hull, Smythe and Wilkinson?
Even during our Revolutionary struggle, the men of
real mark and merit were those who bad passed
through a preliminary training. Washington had
served during the French and Indian War, and bad long
experience en grafted on natnral aptitude: Putnam had
been a soldier for twenty years, and was so well ac
quainted with fortification as to be entrusted with the
construction of the works around Boston : Gates had
been in service in the British Army from early yonth,
and had been wounded in Braddock's defeat ; Geo and
James Clinton had been carefully instructed in military
matters, and had served in the French and Indian War;
the same was true of Phillip Schuyler and Henry
Knox the latter was distinguished as a mathematician
and for his mastery of the science of artillery; Greene
had been expelled from the Society of Quakers for his
early devotion to military studies; Montgomery had
seen service from early youth, and had fought under
Wolfe at Quebec sixteen years before he fell at the same
place; St Clair, in like manner, -had been in the British
Army; Gansvoort had been in the French aad Indian
War ; so had Starke ; Wooster had been a soldier for
thirty years; Prescott had been present, as a subaltern,
at the capture of Cape Breton; Lord Stirling had served
with distinction in the French and Indian War; Conway
had been trained in France to the profession of arms.
Mercer had been in the battle of Culloden and had
served with Washington against the Indians ; Lewis
had also been with Washington In the war of 1755;
Stevens, too, had gone through a preliminary training;
Harry Lee had been finely educated and had passed
through the lower grades of command; Rutherford bad
distinguished himself in the.Cherokee War; Shelby had
taken an active part ia the fierce battle of Point
Pleasant; so had Sevier : Morgan had served as a pri
vate soldier under Braddock ; Richardson of South
Carolina had been tn the Cherokee War : Marion had
also distinguished himself in that war; so had Pickens;
so had Moultrie; Alexander Hamilton bad a passion for
military studies from his boyhood. In addition to all
this, oareoantry had the command of tbe best military
talent of the Old world. Kosciusko, tne fc,ngineer-in
Chief of the Army, was a graduate of the military
school at Warsaw his admirable field works at Isemis
Heights led to the defeat of Burgoyne, and his system
of defense made West Point impregnable: Baron
Steuben was a graduate of the military school at Mu
nich. His services as quarter master and inspector
general of our Army were of incalculable advantage to
our arms; Pulaski had taken part in the Polish Revolu
tion; La Fayette had been trained in the best of schools,
th e French Army ; De Kalb was his friend and associate
in the French service; Charles Lee had held a com -
mission in the British Army from bis eleventh year.
had served in the French and Indian war, in Portugal
and in Poland; Du Portail, Laumoy, Radiere and Gou
vion were made engineer officers in our Army on their
transfer from the French.
AH these facts go to prove that military education
and training were highly appreciated during the Revo
Iution. Our Fathers never placed an inexperienced
man in a position of responsibility, if they could find
one with experience. Providence had so ordered it
that the French and Indian War had given a trained
i j r- i i e i j
u iur u.e ive,0.uuun7 uu
tuesc were me men pui .n commanu. ine aiscovery
that training ia n rvt ti opaqbspv fnr thA onlHiav has haan
made in the last few vears. Our fathers thought
differently, and the prominent men of the Revolution
TIT t 5 If 51 TT 0 J
nssuingiuu, nammon, itnox, c urgeu congress, m
1783, to establish a military academy. Washington, in
nis last annual message, Lec. un, i yt, urgea it again
instronelamruaee: "Whatever argument' said be.
"may be drawa from particular examples, superficially
viewed, a thorough examination of tbe subject will
evince that the art of war is both comprehensive and satisfied that the greater part, if not all of the do
complicated; that it demands much previous ttudy, and nati0ns which are sent to sufferers in Kansas, goes
1
icct siuie i always v ureal mummi iv me tzcuTiiy vj a
nation." By a remarkable coincidence of ideas, one of
the first thoughts of the great Napoleon was also to
establish a military and scientific school, the Polytech
nic, at Paris. In his earlier wars, he had no graduates
from it; but in his last campaigns, his distinguished
Generals were all from that Institute): Gourgaud,
inspector general ; Bertram!; Rogniat, the great engi
neer; Dode; Duponthou; Haxo; Fleury; Valaze; Cham-
berry; Bernard, afterwards chiet of engineers in our
service, and a host of others. Napoleon was wont to
speak of the Polytechnic as "the hen that laid him the
golden eggs." Let it be remembered, too, that Napo
leon, with all his military genius, never acknowledged
the military art to be one of tuition. He permitted no
one to be promoted who tvas not a graduate of a military
schoolf or had not shown distinguished merit tn an inferior
position. Thus, Dessaix was a graduate of the military
school, at Effiatt; Davoust a graduate of that at Brienne;
Kleber of that at Munich ; Drouet, chief of artillery, a
graduate of the artillery school ; Carnot, head of the
war department, "organizer of victory," a graduate of
the engineer school at Mezieres; toy of that at La
Fevre; Pichegru and Duroc of that at Brienne; Eugene
Beauharnais of that at St Germain-en-Love ; he, Ber
thier. and Marmont, were all sons of officers, and were
trained to the profession of arms Berthier bad served
with La Fayette in America; Lecourbe was educated at a
military school. Some of the distinguished French
generals were graduates of colleges and then passed
through the lower grades in the army. Thus Lannes,
Suchet, Mortier, Lefebvre, Murat and Joubert were
thoroughly educated ; Moreau entered the army when a
mere boy, and worked bis way up; Marmont also served
from his sixteenth year; Augerau had been twenty
years in service before he was promoted ; Victor rose
from tbe ranks; Hoche served for many years in a sub
ordinate position. Ney, Soult, Junot and Massena went
through the lower grades. These facts prove that the
greatest warrior the world has ever known was careful
that no ignorant and incompetent man should have a
post of trust and responsibility; his Marshals and
Generals were all eleves of military schools or they
had had long and varied experience in
i the realities of
of his arms was
war. Hence it was that the terror
upon all Europe from the Rock of Gibraltar to the
River Neva, and from the Black Sea to tbe Irish Chan
nel. He understood war better, far better, than we can
ever understand it. His course of policy, then, in mill
tary matters, should be a guide to us. Let us, like
him, seek educated officers for the leadership of our
troops, so that when war with all its horrors shall be
upon us, we shall be able to wage it with skill, energy
and success.
It may not be amiss to cite the example of our sister
State, Virginia. She makes an annual appropriation of
$7,710 from tbe treasury and $1500 from the literary
fund for the board and tuition fees of thirty-thrce
cadets in tbe Military Institute at Lexington. Besides
this, she has made numerous special appropriations,
averaging about $7015 per annum so that her total
annual benefaction to this Institute is a little more
than $16,225. We ask for no such heavy expenditure
on the part of our State for the development of tbe N
C. M. Institute, although N. C. has a larger literary
fitnH ttiun finir nihtr Knlithm &tato anil S. thiirftffirf I
more able than Virginia to cherish her own Institu
tions. We ask for nothing more than a present loan of
$10,000 to enable us to provide Library and Apparatus,
and an annual appropriation ot $272 for board and
tuition fees of one cadet from each of the fifty senato
rial districts of the State. The appointment of the
beneficiary should rest with tbe Senator, and should be
made alternately from each county of his District upon
the recommendation of the school committee. This
plan affords mutual advantages to our Institute and to
the State. To tbe former, it would be equivalent to a
permanent endowment, because it would guarantee a
certain number of pupils; to tbe State it would give a
soldier and man of science in each district, educated
more cheaply than he conld be under any other system,
Furthermore, should it be made obligatory, as it is in I
Virginia, upon each beneficiary to teach three years,
the State would have a corps of competent teachers in
every part of it, and the N. C. Military Institute would I
serve as a Central Normal School for the training of
suitable instructors of youth. I have no report of the 1
Virginia Military Institute later than 1859, but up to
that time, only two of the eighty-nine beneficiaries who
bad been graduated there, had failed to fulfill their
oblisation. and the shame of these two was nroclaimed I
in every annual catalogue. Moreover, while only about
29 per cent, of the pay students who entered bad I
energy na perseverance enough to graduate, more
than 46 per cent, of the beneficiaries got through with
credit and
received weir oipiomas. i suojoin a onei
table to show bow much tbe educational and scientific
interests of the country have been promoted by the
Virginia Military Institute:
Up to July, 1859, there have been, of graduates,
Of these, there had been of Teachers
And of tbe Teachers, there bad been of Profes
sors in Universities,
Professors in Military Academies,
Principals of Academies,
Professors in Colleges,
Assistant Professors in Colleges,
Principals or Assistants ia Schools,
There had entered the Army or Navy,
359
171
3
5
7
24
28
l9i I
There had entered the Coast Survey, 6
There had been Civil Engineers, - 49
This table shows that 235 out of the 359 graduates,
or two-thirds of the whole, instead of entering tbe
crowded professions of Law and Medicine, engaged in
those duties most needed in the South and tbe bestcal-
culated to promote her interests. . I think it probable
that the Virginia Military Institute has turned outmor
civil Engineers than any ten of our Southern Colleges
united. In fact, the Colleges both North and Sooth
have done but little in this respect. Dr Wayland, him
self President of a college, says "We presume the ainglt
Academy at W est Point, graduating annuujly a smaller
number than many of ortr colleges, has done more to
wards the construction of our Railroads than ali oar
hundred and twenty colleges united."
North Carolina has now an opportunity afforded net
to imitate the example of Virginia and train op a corps
i of Architects, Surveyors, Engineers, Chemists, Geolo
gists, Jtc, on the cheapest possible plan. And her small
outlay will be repaid a thonsand fold by her iacreased
' capabitity of self-defence against foreign aggression and
domestic insurrection; by the improved moral character
of her young men; by the higher standard of scholar
ship in her schools and colleges; by more atteatioa to
scientific instruction throughout the State, and by tha
improved facilities for developing her material resources.
MONTGOMERY'S KANSAS RAID.-
Gen. Harney has made a report to the War Do
I partment of his operations in Kansas, in which he
lg. the Drincioal facta connected with Mont-
O m l
gomery's raid, and throws some light in regard to
the objects and purposes of the funds that are be
ing collected for suffering Kansas. We extract
that portion of the General's dispatch, which u
dated at St. Louis, Mo., Dec. 17th: - "
"I believe that Montgomery's band is fully aa
large as represented to be; that they are sworn to
protect each other by perjury, assassination, and
in everv wav nossible. Their obiect is. as deolared
I . . m - . .
publicly by themselves, to protect fugitive slaves
j the Territory, to assist them to mn away when
I vmvi JkJW " J
u uppuriuuny ouers, uiaing mem jiois. uu
ceiving sixty dollars per head and to drive out
I t . m . 1 1 .1 .!
i 0i me .Territory an wno oppose mem in bo aoinc.
a 1nrrA nnrtinn f tb nonnlarmn on th hnriW
i -.i v i i " : . ,i
either belong to this Organization Or Sympathise
w" them, and those who do not dare not oppose
I tn em or ffive inlormation concerning: tuem. I am
I intn frna htnna nf fhia hunH anH fha irrflnrAP nrk-
i . . i
llon Ot " perverted irom tne use intended Dy
purchasing arms and munitions of war for carry
ing out their plans. It would take a large force
to thoroughly break up this band.
"Montgomery has a regular organized band of
about sixty men, who receive ten dollars per month
besides a portion of the robberies, &c. aod also
spies and runners, all over the country, who give
him timely notice of any movement set on foot
against him. The day before troops reached
Mound City, Montgomery s men, to the amount
of between four hundred or five hundred, assem
bled and passed resolutions, a copy of which has
been nublishcd in the Black Republican papers. I
think the befct and cheapest way to catch Montgo
mery and his party will oe to furnish the Gover
nor with funds, and let him do it in his own way.
"Believing that I could render no more service
by remaining longer at Fort Scott, I determined
to return to ray headquarters in this city. I ac
cordingly left Fort Scott on the morning of the
11th, and arrived here on Saturday evening last,
loth inst."
Delaware. The Legislature of Delaware,
after hearing the Mississippi Commissioners' speech
in favor of secession, passed tbe following reso
lution:
Resolved. That having extended to lion. II.
Dickinson, Commissioner from Mississippi, the
courtesy due him aa a representative of a sovereign
State of the confederacy, as well as the State
which he represents, we deem it proper, and due '
to ourselves and the people of Delaware, to ex
press our unqualified disapproval of tbe remedy
J f0r the existing difficulties suggested by the reso- '
iutiona 0f the Legislature of Mississippi.
Missouri. Gov. Jackson's message to the
Legislature of Missouri favors remaining in the
Union as long as there is any hope of maintaining ,
constitutional guran tees;-, opposes coercion; ap
proves congressional compromises and advises a
State Convention, the reorganization of the militia, .
and the legalization of the suspension of the banks. .
California. According to late news, there 1
was an increased anxiety in California concerning
the Union. The entire press of the State now
take a serious view of the secession novement.
They favor the preservation of the Union by con
cessions, and all tbe Republican papers advocate
the repeal of the Personal Liberty laws. Some
talk of a Pacific Republic, but the present tone of
-...ki;,, annfimAnt ia for th Union, even in caxm of
secession.
Michigan. Gov. Blair in his inaugural ad
dress, says in reference to South Carolina, that he
nrMnmM. if it conld be done pronerlv. the country
generally would be willing to let the restless little .
nation of South Carolina retire forever. But it
cannot be done without' the destruction of the
Confederacy, and self-preservation will compel us
to resist it.
He denies that the Personal Liberty Bills have
prevented tbe execution of the fugitive blare
Law in a single instance. The Law had always
i en.A V.., aii an Trwal beinw
. . T, . . .. o...
. e ,nyVes JUICli" "J tuw,
legislation and is willing to aoiDe me result. iui
he is unwilling that his State should be humiliated
hy a compliance in threats and of violence and
' .
, c. . t
e rwuniwBw o
lest its loyalty xo wicnigan, ana prouer tne "
dent the use of the whole military POWer of the
gt&te to sustain the integrity of the Union.
, , r
WasHINOTON. Jan. 7. In the Senate, Untten
, , ,4Mlftl,;rtT,. wro n s,n.tor Crittenden
- . . . S,
ator Toombs followed in a lengthy speech, the
moat ardent secession effort of the season. He
ignored the idea of Georgia compromising on the
Northern construction or tne onstiiuwon. ne
summarized the grievances of the South, and said
if the South was denied her rights, she would ap
peal to the God of battles. -
Tn th. House. Mr Adrain offered a reaolution
armrovin? Anderson's course, and the acts of the
President for maintaining him in his present po-
Sition, ana eniorcing me iaw iw w .cdiv
of the Union, which was adopted by a vote of 124
to 56.
The shock of an earthquake was felt in parts of
rt I OJ .1 4 1 J.l.nL
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