The Alamance Gleaner
? *?
1 ' ' * ? ? ?? 11 ?" 1 ?^ 1 ??? m ? m ? -? _ ????J
VOL. LVII. . GRAHAM, N, C., THURSDAY MARCH 19, 1931. NO. 7.
News Review of Current
Events the World Over
Soviet Premier Attacks the United States and Secretary
of State Stimson Begins Study of the
Russian Question.
By EDWARD W. PICKARD
MUCH attention la
being paid these
days to our relations
with Russia, or the
lack of -them. In Mos
cow the opening ses
?Ion of the All Union
Soviet congress was
aroused to wild en
thuslasm by s violent
attack on the United
I States?and Incident
-II- -II .11... ?!....It.. I
any ail inner tnimni*
V. Molotov igtic" countries ? de
livered by Viachesluv Molotov, presi
dent of the council of people's com
missars. which means premier of the
Soviet government.
Molotov characterized the lack of
diplomatic relations with the United
States as abnormal and as being part
of a plot of European groups, headed
by the Vatican, against Soviet Rus
sia. He said that twenty countries
are having satisfactory relations, ex
cept Poland, whose relations might be
Improved.
He denounced the charges of dump
ing and forced labor that have been
made against the Soviet government,
and declared the American "foolish
Fish bill"?framed by Representative
Hamilton Fish, Jr., after a congres
sional Investigation Into Communist
activties?undoubtedly would affect
trade relations between the two coun
tries.
"Ainericn must remember," he de
clared. "that the imports of the Union
of the Socialist Soviet Republics de
pend upon her exports."
The premier called the attention
of the delegates to a statement by
?n American senator that "a thou
sand persons are starving to death
dally In the United States." lie asked
the delegates to compare this situa
tion to that In the U. S. S. R. where,
he said, there was no unemployment
and no starvation.
In Washington it was learn?d that
Secretary of State Henry Stiinson Is
now devoting most of his time to ?
careful study of the Russian question
In all Its phases, presumably at the
request of President Hoover. That
this indicated any important change
of policy by the administration was
considered unlikely by the well In
formed. Indeed. William R. Castle,
acting secretary in the absence of Mr.
Stimson. said that the letter's study
had no significance beyond the fact
that the secretarj desired to inform
himself more jlosely on the Soviet
problem. Since incoming secretary.
Mr. Castle pointed out. Mr. Stimson
has been devoting^ his time to dis
armament. I.atin American affairs, and
other problems, leaving no time to
study Russia.
From the statements of state de
partment officials it was gathered that
no consideration would be given to
(he suggestion that a separate div
ision for Russia he established in the
state department, und that there was
nothing In the "eport that an assist
ant secretary of state would be ap
pointed to handle Russian affairs.
President Hoover ha: In the past
stood firmly by the policy that there
can be no recognition of Russia be
fore the Soviet government agrees to
recognize official and private obliga
tions to this country and cease propa
gnnda intended to overthrow the
American government. '
rx icj'i*m#?r iT'rOlf.
D ney Thomas C. I
T. Crnin of New York
county Is liable to
lose his job as a re
suit of the exposures
of corruption In the
mugistrates' courts of
the metroi>olls. The
City club through Its
officers filed formal
charges against Craln,
InofHi'l on i'V
.h.tfc...* . ... - - _ j..-,
incompetency and mis- '
feasance In office, nd asked that Got.
Franklin D. Iioosevelt remove him.
The governor promptly appointed
Samuel Seahury aa special commis
sioner to Investigate the charges and
report, back to him. If he sees lit
the governor may remove Crnln and
name a successor lo serve the remain
der ot the year. Sentury already hns
been aervlng aa rpeclal referee In
vestigating the magistrates' conrts
and nil! continue that work. It la
expected that .he Craln Inquiry will
lead Into the police department and
any other department of tbe city gov
ernment or phase of political life
which may lie related to the district
attorney's conduct of his office.
Bepubllcan leaders and others are
urging that the legislature authorise
a thorough nonpartisan Investigation
of the entire New York city govern
ment* and a mass meeting of citizens
was called to promote that plan.
IT IS understood now that the new
naval treaty between France and
Italy will be signed by only those
nations and Great Britain. It will
not be Incorporated in the London
naval treaty of 1930, but both pacts
will run concurrently until 11)30. Of
flcial expressions of approval of the
convention will be asked of both the
United States and Japan, but neither
will be called on to sign It. because
It was recognized that this might em
barras8 them owing to the high sub
marine tonnage which the pact allots
to France.
Arthur Henderson. British foreign
secretary, made public the terms of
the three-power accord In a long mem
orandum. They cover three outstnnd
ing considerations in the armaments
situation. Technical problems of Kit
ropean naval power are swept away;
renewal of an armaments race such
as led to the World war has. It Is
hoped, been prevented; success of the
world disarmament conference at
Geneva next yeai is brought mens
urably closer.
The basis of t.?e agreement as out
lined !fe the detailing of the limits of
both the French and Italian building
programs In nil fleet categories until
1930. It Is estimated by naval experts
that France will continue to hold a
superiority of about 137.000 tons over
the Italian fleet, although ? his Is not
stated explicitly In the memorandum.
ONE of the State department's
most valuable men. Undersecre
tary Joseph Potter Cotton, died In
Baltimore after a long illness nnd two
severe operations for spinal Infec
tion. Mr. Cotton, who was llfty-tlve
years old and a native of Ithode Is
land. worked under President H.mver
when the latter was food adminis
trator and later secretary of com
merce. He was appointed to the state
department post In 1929 and made n
reputation for nls frank and direct
diplomatic methods.
OLIVER WEN- |
dell Holmes, the I
grand old man of the
Supreme court of the
United States, cele
brated his ninetieth
birthday on Sunday,
and received at his
home the affectionate
congratulations o f
countless friends and
admirers. In the eve
ning the venerable as
sociate Justice made
his first radio speech.
Justice
Holmes
utter listening lo the tributes of Chief
Justice Hughes and others. Justice
Holmes suld, Ihro'igh the microphone:
"In this syni|ioslum my part Is only
to sit In silence. To eipress one's
feelings ns the eno draws near Is too
Intimate a task.
"Hut I may mention one thought
that comes to me as a listener In," be
added. "The riders In a rare do not
stop short when they reach the goal.
There Is a little finishing canter be
fore coming to a standstill. There Is
time to hear the kind voices of friends
and to say to one's self: 'The work
Is done.' But Just as one says that
the answer comes: The rare la over,
but the work never Is done while the
power to work remains.' The canter
that brings yon to a standstill need
not be only coming to rest. It cannot
be, while you still live, for to live Is
to function. That is all there Is to liv
ing."
Next day Jnstlce Holmes achieved
his ambition of hardlng down a decis
ion after be was ninety. In It the Su
preme court ruled that within the
meaning of the motor vehicle theft act
an alrplabe Is not a motor vehicle.
STEALING a march on the Insurgent
Republicans and Democrats, the
Republican national committee an
nounced the organization of an ad
visory council for agiicniture. with
Senator-Elect L. J. Dickinson ot Iowa
as Its chairman. The other member*
are Senator Arthur Capper of Kansas
and Representative* Roliert G. Sim
mons of Nebraska and Fred S. I'ur
nell of Indiana. Thh council will have
headquarters In Washington end la
the West, and will Immediately be
gin work In the com and wheat belt*.
One of Its purposes. It was staled. Is
to be the "dissemination of accurate
Information regarding the various con
structive step* the administration has
taken to old the formers end to en re
them from bankruptcy In t Ills critics I
period of economic depression and
drought."
Two days after this announcement
was made, the Insurgents opened their
scheduled conference the purpose of
which was to demonstrate that the
Hoover administration did little If
anything to relieve the economic de
presslon In the country. Five sessions
were held, each devoted to discussion,
of a major topic. Seantor Borah, who
still advocates the export debenture,
presided over the session on farm re
lief; Senator Norris. chairman of the
conference, presided over the public
utilities session; Senator Cutting over
the representative government ses
slon. and Senator-Fleet Coatignn of
Colorado over that devoted to the
tariff. All of these except Costlgan
are nominally itepuhlicans.
ONK more campaign Issue was pro
vlded* for the Democrats when
President Hoover veloed the Wagner
hill for a reorganized employment
service. Hven If the measure is again
introduced and passed by the next
congress, the Democrats are sure to
make the veto one of their principal
talking [mints, claiming the bill should
have been enacted and signed at the
height of the business depression
Empress n a o
iiko of .inpan has
given birth to a
daughter, her fourth,
und the Imperial fami
ly and the Japanese
ant Ion Hre rejoicing
am celebrating. Rut
he Joy is mainly over
the safety of the new
princess and her
mother, and there is
little concealment or
the disappointment
that the child Is not a a?a ?
son. The throne of . a pan can pass
only to male descendants of the sun
goddess and Emperor Hlrohlto Is yet
without a direct heir to carry on the
line that has been unbroken for many
centuries. Prince Chlchlhu, the em
peror's next younger brother, contin
ues to he the heir presumptive.
S(JOKES of towns and villages In
the Balkans, In Jugoslavia, Bul
garia and Greece, have been wrecked
by earthquake shocks, and the dend.
though officially put at 150. probably
numbered nearer 1,000. The temblors
continued for several days. King Alex
ander of Jugoslavia and King Boris
of Bulgaria both left their capitals
and personally directed the relief work
in the stricken districts, which was
carried on effectively by the lied
Cross.
Terrific gales, accompanied by snow
and extreme cold, swept over most of
Europe during the week, and flooded
rivers, blocked highways and delayed
trains added t the distress. The Is
land of Mauritius was devastated by
a hurricane that killed a number of
persons and left iO.UOO homeless.
| Northwestern Japan had an earth
quake that destroyed many houses.
PERU'S new provisional president Is
Lieut. Col. David Samanea Ocatn
po, and he has assumed the office in
Lima after flying there from Arequlpa.
Oeanipo was the head of the "southern
Junta" which was set up by Arequlpa
revolutionaries. He and his followers,
to bring peace to the country, gave
up their regime In favor of the new
Junta at the capita., and Ocampo was
promptly put at the head of the gov
ernment.
R( TtETARY of the
^ Interior has ac
cepted the hid of the
Six Companies. Inc..
of San Francisco,
which offered to build
the Hoover dam, pow
er house and appurt
enant works at the
itnulder canyon proj
ect foi f48.8n0.9hfl.
I t.U huge engineering
W M W.ttie ,0a' "" ""
w. n. wattis underIaken the
United State*, will be directed for
the present from a hospital In Ran
Francisco, for Wllllain H. Wattis.
president of the Six Companies, Is
confined In the institution.
The entire project. Including erec
tion of s dam and power house. In
stallation Of machinery and building
of a canal. Is estimated to cost the
tremendous total of f 10b,000,000.
NAVY department officials announce
that contracts for the construc
tion of at least six of the eleven de
| stroyers appropriated for during the
short session of congress will be
awarded early this summer. The de
signs for the new destroyers call for
the largest, most heavily armed,
fastest and most seaworthy vessels
of this class ever built for the Unit
ed States fleet. They will have a
speed of 40 miles an hour, weigh
1.MU Inns each, carry .Vlnch guns an/I.
In addition, havs a large fuel carry
Ing capacity to provide a larger ra
dlus of actloo.
til 1?S1 wasters Newspaper Ualee.)
Gathering Russian Grain to Dump on Markets
Giving an Idea of bow Russia Is engaged In gathering all the wheat raised throughout the vast domain in order
to dump It on the world's markets st a low price, this photograph of one of the stations In Asiatic Russia shows
peasants bringing In their grain.
Tree That Has
Changed Maps
Cinchona, Source of Quinine,
Has Given 300 Years of
Service to Man.
Washington.?Cinchona, source of
quinine, whose 300 years of service to
civilized man was recently celebrated,
has probably done more than any oth
er tree to change the map of the
world, according to a bulletin from
the National Geographic society.
"The bark of this once unknown
tree that grew wild In the forests
of South America has made habitable
to white men thousands of tropical
areas that formerly were death traps,"
says the bulletin.
"The powerful enemy that cinchona
fights so successfully Is malaria. Be
fore the discovery of cinchona and
Its action, little could be done to com
bat 'ague,' 'marsh fever,' and 'Jungle
fever,' as malaria was called. It at
tacked tens of millions of persons In
the tropics and the warmer and moist
regions of the temperate zones, and
caused millions of deaths. It Is be
lieved by some historians that mnlnrla.
nurtured In the marshes of the Cnm
pagna, had an Important part In bring
ing about the fall of Home.
"In Greece, too, this energv-snpplng
disease is supposed to have played an
Insidious role; and there are some
who explain the passing of the myste
rlous Maya civilization of Central
America as a surrender to the Joint
attacks of malaria and yellow fever.
Malaria Dangerous Enemy.
"It was when white men began to
live In the tropical countries that they
came to realize that malaria (or the
various aliases under which it passed)
was an exceedingly dangerous enemy.
Many of the early colonists in Mex
ico. Central and South America, India
and the East Indies died of the die
ease. And then the tropics at least
partially squared their debt by fur
nishing the one drug so far discovered
that can successfully combat malaria.
"The cinchona tree was first found
growing wild In fosests on the moun
tain slopes of Colombia. Ecuador,
Peru, and Bolivia. Tradition has it
that the value of the bark In treating
malarial fever was first discovered
when rome fever-stricken Indians
drank from a pool Into which a cin
chona tree had fallen, and were cured.
"Medicine made from cinchona bark
was first used .n treating white suf
ferers from fever In northern Peru
(now Ecuador) about 1630. After It
saved the life of the Countess of
Chinchon. wife of the viceroy of Peru,
In 1638 Its fame grew rapidly. It Is
to this happy cure that the tree owes
Its name, for In honor of the countess.
Linnaeus named It Cinchona, inadver
tantly dropping the first *b.'
"The powdered bark was soon aft
erward Introduced Into Spain and
other parts of Europe where It was
known as *Countess powder* and
'Jesuits' powder.' The latter name was
attached to It because much of It was
taken to the Old World, distributed by
members of the religious order return
ing from America. In England It was
advertised as 'Fearer Bark.' A marked
demand developed and within a cen
tury or so the shipment of the bark
from northwestern South America bo
came an Important Industry. The de
mand for more and more bark resulted
In the destruction of all cinchona
trees In reasonabl* reach of civilized
centers, and there seemed danger that
the trees might be exterminated.
Java Now Center for Cinchona.
"But the world had become so de
pendent on the bitter drug from cin
chona that botanists and merchants
and statesmen combined to save the
Industry by transplanting It. Hants
and seeds were collected about the
middle of the Nineteenth century (In
many cases secretly) and transported
to India, Ceylon, and Java. The In
dustry failed In Ceylon, but Java Is
now the world's chief producer of
cinchona with India second In Impor
tance. Relatively small quantities of
the bnrk are now exported from South
America.
"By Nature's strange chemistry
there Is manufactured In the bark of
certain species to th cinchona tree a
substance?quinine?that Is sure death
to the tiny microscopic parasites that,
living In the blood, cause malaria. The
drug also has a preventive effect, so
thut It Is indispensable to both suf
ferers from malaria and those who
will be exposed to the disease. The
Indian government finds quinine so
Important that it maintains extensive
groves of cinchona, fosters its growth
by private horticulturists, nnd oper
ates factories In which quinine Is ex
tracted from the hark. Finally the
government uses Its postal machinery
to help distribute the medicine so that
one may purchase It as easily as he
can buy a stamp."
Connecticut Man Haa
Second Silver Wedding
West Haven. Conn.?Former I'olice
Chief Robert French, seventy-two, has
just received the felicitations of his 10
children and nine grandchildren on the
occasion of his second silver wedding
anniversary. French's first wife, who
bore him all the children, died soon
nfter celebrating their twenty-fifth an
nlversary. He remarried.
1 Miami Places Ban
on Crowing Fowls I
i? Miami, Kla.?Miami objects In ?
<f crow-era and crowing. A special ?
| city ordinance has been drawn %
$ up which prohlhlla "rooatera and $
% other crowing fowla" from be- $
2 log kept wltblo 200 feet of any %
A hotel or apartment honae. :
Woman Practice*
Dentistry at 92
Pomerory. Ohio.?Dr. Amy L. |
Whalev, believed to be the old- j
est practicing woman dentist in j
America, recently celebrated her
ninety-second birthday.
She passed the state dental ex
amination in 1857, and when her
husband died in 1913 she took
charge of his business.
Doctor Whnley employs a reg
istered dentist, a laboratory ex- \
pert and an office assistant, bot
she personally supervises all
work. I
Figures Show Farms Are
Gaining in Population
Washington.?The farm population
of tliis country is on the Increase fot
the first time In a decmle. the Depart
ment of Agriculture stated recently,
when figures released showed that,
considering the normal Increase of
births over deaths, the January 1.
1031. population was 27.430.000, as
compared with 27,222,000 on the same
date In 1930.
Fewer people are leaving farms and
greater numbers are moving to them,
according to the department. During
1030, 1,543,000 persons left farms for
towns and cities, as compared with
1.S7G.000 In 10{f9, while the movement
to farms during the last year was re
ported as the largest since 1024.
Last year 1,302.000 persons moved
to farms, as compared with a peak
movement of 1.396,000 In 1024.
Rochester Starts War
on Automobile Splashers
Rochester. N. Y.?Pedestrians who
have had their clothes soiled because
I of the cnrelessness of automobile
| drivers will rejoice in the following
edict added to Rochester's traffic laws:
"The driver of n vehicle must ose
care and caution and must not drive,
operate, or run the same In a reckless
or negligent manner, or In any way
so as to endanger the lives, person, or
property of others or of himself, or
so as to splash mud. water, or other
substances upon the body, clothes, per
son. or property of others."
Judge Arrests Himself
and Then Sits in Case
Memphis. Tenn ?J. C. ("Snndy")
Lyons, police patrol .wagon driver.
I drove his wagon Into a telephone pole,
| arrested himself, told the arresting
officer (himself), he was driving only
18 or 20 miles an hour, then released
himself o% his own recognizance.
This Seems to Make Flying Quite Safe
Here Is the airplane of a new type, designed by Albert A. Marrlll and
successfully tested at the Glenn Curtlss airport on Long Island. Apparently
It cannot dive, stall or spin, and the pilot, cutting off the power severe I
hundred Vet ,D ,be a>r aDd ,ak|ng his hands from the controls, landed It
gently and slowly.
DADDY'S ffl
EVENING ||S
HURYIAIll^a
^MaryGraham Bonner i
IN THE SWAMP
"I have such a nice suit," said Mr,
Fox Sparrow. "It Is stylish, I think,
to wear a reddish brown coat and a
spotted waistcoat.
"And yonr dress Is nice, too."
"Ah. yes," agreed Mrs. Fox Spar
row, "I am so much pleased with my
own dress.
"I like to moult and improve my
feathers, but I like to have them come
back the same way as they were, that
is the same color and of the same
kind."
"Perhaps its because of our reddish
brown feathers that we are called fox
sparrows." said Mr. Fox Sparrow.
"Are foxes reddish brown, and have
they feathers?" asked Mrs. Fox Spar
row.
"Ob no, my love," smiled Mr. Fox
Sparrow. "Foxes haven't feathers.
"They have fur. And their for, I
believe, is of different colors.
"Sometimes it is gray, and soma*
times, it is true. It Is red.
"So perhaps, you see. because thera
is red in our feathers, the same red
dish shade which foxes have in their
fur, that we are called fox aparrown*
"Well, were settled for the
mer," said Mrs. Fox Sparrow. "It
nice and cool here, and in the winter
we were south where It wss nice and
warm.
"What a fine swamp we lived 1%
and what nice old leaves we used to
dig up, so as to find out what wax
underneath.
"We were like people who used tx
dig for hidden treasures."
"Yes." said Mr. Fox Sparrow, "and
we were like chickens, hens and
They Sang the Most Glorious Song,
roosters, for they die and scratch tho
earth to see what they can find.
"It was such fun to look nnder tho
leaves and to stop to talk over what
we had found.
"We did have ji fine winter. What
are your plana now?"
"I'm going to build a nest," said
Mrs. Fox Sparrow, "of moss and soft
grass for a lining, and I shall put la
some nice feathers, too. so It will ba
comfortable when the five little green
ish-blue eggs which I shall soon lay
turn into birdlings.
"The eggs will have nice Uttle red
dish brown spots on them, which
shows that they are to have reddish
brown feathers later on.
"Of course that doesn't follow with
i most birds, but I like to think of tho
! dear little reddish-brown birds thero
I will be when the reddish-brown spots
and the greenish-blue eggs turn Into
precious little babies."
Then they sang the most glorious
song, for the fox sparrows have beau
tiful, clear and musical voices.
They were so bappy thinking of ths
1 birdlings there would soon be and
they talked of swamp life with such
happiness.
In fact all around the birds knew
that soon the little birdlings would
rive for the fox sparrows sang so
beautifully and so joyously and so
happily.
Soon they were joined by other Mr.
and Mrs. Fox Sparrows and they sang
and made tbelr plans In ths same way.
RIDDLES
What fish carried a weapon? Sword
flab.
...
When la a stupid boy like a Jungl.l
When he Is dense.
* ? .
What la necessary to a farmer t*
assist him? System.
? ? .
When does a man remind yon of n
candle? When he smokes as he goen
ont
? ? ?
What la that which makes every
thing visible, yet Is Itself unseen?
Light
...
Why Is a vanity case like a blank
cartridge? Because It la all powder
and puff.